Unit 2 Assuming most crimes involve violence because the media generally reports stories on sexual assault, robberies and homicide is an example of the _____ heuristic. vividness matching Correct! availability Assessment

When people viewed a videotape of a suspect confessing during a police interview with a camera focused on the suspect, they perceived the confession as genuine. If the camera was instead focused on the detective, they perceived it as more coerced. This is an example of the perceived outgroup homogeneity effect. the suspect-detective bias. the fundamental attribution error. the camera perspective bias.

the camera perspective bias.

Zimbardo attributed the behavior of the subjects in his Stanford prison study to the personality traits of prisoners. his leadership behavior. their failure to process relevant information. the roles played by the subjects.

the roles played by the subjects.

Which of the following is NOT one of the explanations for why we study attribution errors? -to demonstrate that people should not always be blamed for their problems -to provide insight into how we think about ourselves and others -to demonstrate that we are mostly unaware of our biases -to provide insight into why it is acceptable to focus social psychological research on Western cultures

to provide insight into why it is acceptable to focus social psychological research on Western cultures

After spending a great deal of time researching vehicles, Beatrix makes a purchase. After having owned the vehicle for several months, she experiences dissonance and wonders if she made the right decision with her purchase. According to dissonance theory, we would expect Beatrix to reduce her dissonance by _____ the chosen vehicle and _____ the unchosen vehicles. revamping; customizing downgrading; upgrading customizing; revamping upgrading; downgrading

upgrading; downgrading

Once we make a decision or choice, and feel some cognitive dissonance, -we become less confident about the decision or choice. -we begin to doubt our reasons for making that decision or choice. -we form additional reasons for that decision or choice. -the option we did not choose becomes more attractive.

we form additional reasons for that decision or choice

Jack works as a software engineer in a multinational company. He finds that the company is training employees to develop their leadership skills. Jack, who values self-development, thinks this is a good opportunity to improve his skills. In the context of perceiving and interpreting events, which of the following statements is true? -Jack's beliefs are changed with new information. -Jack's beliefs influence how he sees new information. -Jack's beliefs are unrelated to how he sees new information. -Jack's beliefs do not influence how he sees new information.

Jack's beliefs influence how he sees new information.

Zachary watches a horror movie alone. Later that night, he wakes up hearing a strange noise and notices an ominous shadow moving outside his window. Fearing that someone is trying to break into his house, he turns on the light. When he looks out through the window, he hears leaves rustling and sees the shadow of a tree. Which of the following best explains the initial reaction of Zachary? Priming Centration The misinformation effect The confirmation bias

Priming

Which statement is the clearest example of an attribution? -I think I am a good person. -I like milk chocolate candy bars. -The rain caused the accident. -Eden is a woman.

The rain caused the accident

Assuming most crimes involve violence because the media generally reports stories on sexual assault, robberies and homicide is an example of the _____ heuristic. -vividness -matching -availability -representativeness

availability

After being captured by enemies, Rob, a soldier, is tortured both physically and mentally. Initially, his captors make trivial demands to him. Gradually, the demands escalate to a point where he is required to give his statements on important matters. He is also expected to participate actively in group discussions and to write self-criticism. Over time, Rob experiences an inner need to make his beliefs consistent with his acts. In the context of psychology, this scenario exemplifies: anchoring. masochism. confabulation. brainwashing.

brainwashing.

Sarah has always strongly believed that it is wrong to steal, but after she steals a bottle of nail polish from the drug store, her attitude toward stealing becomes significantly less harsh. Which theory best accounts for her shift in attitude? cognitive dissonance theory role-playing theory reinforcement theory self-perception theory

cognitive dissonance theory

While sitting at a red light on her way to work, Amber fumes, "Why is it every time I'm late for work, I get stuck at these red lights?" Amber most clearly holds a(n) -illusory correlation. -self-fulfilling prophecy. -illusion of control. -representativeness heuristic.

illusory correlation

In the context of dual processing, automatic thinking is _____. controlled deliberate implicit conscious

implicit

People who make situational attributions regarding poverty and unemployment tend to adopt political positions that: -tend to blame the poor for their problems. -are unsympathetic to the poor. -offer direct support to the poor. -are more neutral regarding poverty and unemployment.

offer direct support to the poor

As a teenager, your parents always compelled you to clean your room. Now that you are living on your own, you feel no motivation to clean your home as your parents are not around to pressure you. This shows that: -people are unlikely to internalize forced behavior. -behaviors follow attitudes for which we feel some responsibility. -authoritarian management will be effective even when the authority is absent. -only enough incentive is not effective in eliciting desired behaviors.

people are unlikely to internalize forced behavior.

Dissonance conditions do indeed arouse tension, especially when they threaten: positive feelings of self-worth. gender identity. physical discomfort. as-yet-unformed attitudes.

positive feelings of self-worth.