Unit 2 Cells Concept 1

List the three principles of cell theory

1. All living things are made of cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of life 3. All existing cells are produced by other living cells

•Vacuole:

Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

•Centrioles (centrosome):

Centrioles form spindle apparatus during cell division Centrosome: cytoplasm surrounding centriole

Multicellular

Consisting of many cells

•Nucleus:

Control center of the cell

•Vesicle:

A membrane bound sac that contains materials involved in transport of the cell.

•Cytoskeleton:

A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement

•Rough ER:

A network of interconnected membranous sacs in a eukaryotic cell's cytoplasm; covered with ribosomes that make membrane proteins and secretory proteins.

•Cell wall:

A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.

•Golgi apparatus:

A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell

Organelle

A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell

•Chloroplast:

An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs

•Cilia:

Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion

Unicellular

Made of a single cell

•Smooth ER:

Makes lipids

•Ribosomes:

Makes proteins

•Nucleolus:

Makes rRNA

Describe the role of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates in the structure of the phospholipid bilayer. Include how its structure dictates its function.

Phospholipids make up the bilayer. The arrangement of their hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails gives the membrane its selective permeability. Carbohydrates give the membrane structure and proteins are embedded to aid with transport.

List the structures that distinguish plant cells from animal cells.

Plant cells have cell walls, central vacuoles, and chloroplasts. Animal cells have centrioles, lysosomes, cilia, and flagella

•Mitochondria:

Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of cellular respiration

Shared by prokaryotes and eukaryotes

cell membrane, DNA & RNA, ribosomes

•Lysosome:

cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell

•Cell (plasma) membrane:

controls entry into and out of cell

•Cytoplasm:

jelly like material that holds everything in place

Identify an organelle based on a diagram or description.

review notes/study guide

Identify a cell as eukaryotic, prokaryotic, plant or animal based on a description or diagram.

review notes/study guide/practice

•Flagella:

whiplike tails found in one-celled organisms to aid in movement

Prokaryotic Cell

•No nucleus •No membrane-bound organelles •Unicellular •Divide by binary fission •Ex. Bacteria

Eukaryotic Cell

•Nucleus •Membrane-bound organelles •Uni- or multicelluar •Divide by mitosis •Ex. Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protists