Unit 2 chp 4-7 Review Bio 1114

Why do plants contain other pigments besides chlorophyll

The additional pigments are able to absorb other light wavelengths that chlorophyll cannot.

Since the plasma membrane blocks the passage of all but a few molecules with specific traits, it is necessary for other molecules to

pass through the membrane via proteins.

Which of the types of cellular activities listed below can proceed without ATP energy?

passive transport

Which of the following is the opposite of cellular respiration?

photosynthesis

What must materials pass through to enter or leave a cell?

plasma membrane

Which feature is found in all cells?

plasma membrane composed of phospholipids

fermentation occurs if

oxygen is not present

The part of the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the

active site

As a result of glycolysis, there is a net gain of ____ ATP

2

The number of ATP produced during aerobic cellular respiration from one glucose molecule is usually

36-38

How many turns of the Calvin cycle would be required for a plant to make one molecule of glucose?

6

Cellular respiration uses oxygen to convert the chemical energy stored in organic molecules into

ATP

What molecule most directly provides the energy you need for your muscles to contract?

ATP

The light reactions produce ________, which are used in the Calvin cycle. The Calvin cycle releases ________, which return to the light reactions.

ATP and NADPH; ADP and NADP

During cellular respiration, the energy in glucose is ultimately converted to

ATP and heat

Reaction that builds sugars

Calvin cycle

Which of the following describes what will happen if there is a lack of oxygen during cellular respiration?

Cellular respiration will shift towards anaerobic respiration

Which organelle modifies the contents within vesicles and then repackages them for export?

Golgi apparatus

Cellular digestion

Lysosomes

A tube with a membrane covering the bottom is placed in a beaker. The membrane allows water to flow through but not salt or glucose. If the tube contains an aqueous solution with 4% salt and 20% glucose and the beaker contains an aqueous solution with 12% salt and 6% glucose, what would happen to the level of the water in the tube?

The level of the solution in the tube would rise because there are more dissolved solutes in the tube than the beaker.

What is the biological risk of using salt on icy roads in parts of the country that have a cold winter season?

The salt has the risk of leeching into the ground and creating a hypertonic environment for plant cells.

The second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in an increase in entropy (disorder). If so, how does photosynthesis, which is an energy transformation, create order rather than disorder?

The tree takes in small disordered molecules like carbon dioxide from the air and water from the earth and using solar energy produce highly ordered sugar molecules like glucose.

ATP releases energy when

a phosphate is removed

Which process is used to make bread rise?

alcohol fermentation

Which of the following organisms can perform photosynthesis?

algea

Which of the following is an example of potential energy rather than kinetic energy?

an apple made up of energy-rich macromolecules

In photosynthesis, the light reactions ________ while the Calvin cycle ________.

capture solar energy; converts the captured energy to chemical potential energy

By-products of cellular respiration include

carbon dioxide and water

Reaction that breaks sugars down

cellular respiration

The main structural component of a plant cell wall is

cellulose

Converts light energy into chemical energy

cholorplast

As climate change leads to drier and drier summers in the southeastern United States, more and more homeowners find that they have crabgrass growing in their yards. The reason for this is that

crabgrass is a type of C3 plant that does well in dry climates

Simple diffusion across a plasma membrane is called passive transport because it

does not require energy from the cell.

When a car burns gasoline, much of the energy is released in the form of heat. Which of the following best describes this process in relation to the first law of thermodynamics?

energy can be changed from on form to another

Molecules move from greater to lesser concentration through a carrier protein in

facilitated diffusion

What process typically regulates the enzymes involved in metabolic reactions?

feedback inhibition

A plant that uses CAM photosynthesis is most likely to be successful in what type of environment?

hot, dry

As a molecule moves through the plasma membrane it passes through

hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads, then a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails, and then another layer of hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads

If blood cells shrink due to water loss, what type of solution were the cells immersed in?

hypertonic

During an osmosis experiment, you place some plant cells under the microscope. You notice the cells seem very swollen. What type of solution were the cells immersed in?

hypotonic

concentration of the solute is the same in the cell as it is in the surrounding solution, the cell is in a(n)

isotonic environment

Enzymes are able to speed up the rate of a reaction by

lowering the energy needed for the reaction to proceed

What organelle is used during the process of cellular respiration?

mitochondria

There is an antibiotic called streptomycin that inhibits the function of bacterial ribosomes. Consequently, as the bacterial cells die, the person taking the antibiotics gets better. In other words, the antibiotic destroys bacteria by (hint: key word is ribosomes)

not allowing them to produce proteins

Which of the following structures would NOT be found in a prokaryotic cell?

nucleus

CAM photosynthesis limits CO2 fixation to nighttime hours in order to

open stomata only at night, limiting water loss because of heat and low humidity.

Both plants and animals need mitochondria to

produce ATP

Which of the following correctly lists the order in which energy flows through an ecosystem?

solar energy-chloroplast-mitochondria

In cellular respiration, the majority of ATP are produced during

the electron transport chain