Unit 2 Epithelial Tissues

A major function of serous membranes is to decrease friction.

true

Blister formation can be seen with a second degree burn.

true

Blood vessels are found throughout the dermis and hypodermis, but NOT within the epidermis.

true

Epithelial tissues always exhibit polarity; that is, they have a free surface and a basal surface.

true

________ muscle cells are multinucleated.

skeletal

To see the cells within this tissue, what must be done?

the specimen must be stained to enhance contrast.

Why do we need keratinized epithelium in some areas of the body?

Keratinized epithelium covers areas that need to be water proofed to prevent loss of water due to evaporation, such as the surface of the arm and hand.

What is the basic function of melanin?

Melanin provides protection of the DNA within the nucleus of skin cells from damage by UV rays from the sun. Melanin helps prevent skin cancer.

To transmit light, this tissue must be

cut in to sections (slices) thin enough to transmit light

The abdominopelvic cavity is larger than the ventral cavity.

false

Name an area of the body that contains non-keratinized epithelium

inside mouth, esophagus, vagina, anus

Squamous cells are flattened and scalelike when mature.

true

The papillary dermis is found within the "hills and valleys" just below or deep to the epidermis. Papillary dermis is thinner than the reticular dermis.

true

If a tumor is classed as benign, it means that it: ___ A. is localized and will not tend to spread B. is capable of spreading, but only through lymph vessels, not blood C. benign means a tumor is small and will only spread if exposed to high temperatures D. is bluish in color

A. is localized and will not tend to spread

What is the underlying cause for a "bed sore"? A. loss or decrease of blood flow to the area B. decreased ATP production due to lack of movement C. increased inflammation in the area D. idiopathic (no known cause)

A. loss or decrease of blood flow to the area

What do Goblet cells produce? A. mucus B. saliva C. collagen D. keratin

A. mucus

According to our textbook, most melanomas appear spontaneously but about 1/3 develop from:___ A. pre-existing moles B. pre-existing freckles C. subcutaneous moles D. spreading dermal moles

A. pre-existing moles

regarding the ABCD rule for melanoma, Which statement is true, regarding the "B" letter A. base: look for changes in the depth of the base of the mole B. Border: look for indentations in border of the lesion C. Border: look for interruptions of the border D. Border: look for changes in color at the border of the mole

B. Border: look for indentations in border of the lesion

Before applying a skin graft, the burned area must be removed . This process is known as: ___________ A. escharring B. debridement C. necrotic scrapment D. dermatome

B. debridement

The ABCD rule applies to this type of skin cancer: ___ A. all 3 types of skin cancer B. only melanoma C. basal cell carcinoma D. squamous cell carcinoma

B. only melanoma

Referring to the ABCD rule, what does the letter "A" stand for? A. absorption B. adhesion C. asymmetry D. altered

C. asymmetry

Which pair are matched correctly? A. jaundice - due to kidney failure B. cyanosis - brownish color C. jaundice - yellow skin/sclera of eyes D. cyanosis - due to liver failure, or immature liver

C. jaundice - yellow skin/sclera of eyes

Where are bed sores most likely to occur? A. the gluteal and lumbar regions B. areas with high levels of adipose C. point of contact between a bony area and a surface D. only in areas with high moisture levels

C. point of contact between a bony area and a surface

According to our book, why are 3rd degree burns very troublesome at joints? A. joint fluid (synovial fluid) will dehydrate due to extreme heat, leading to joint stiffness B. joints will fuse due to third degree burns C. cartilage in joint will fuse with ligaments, limiting mobility D. limitation of movement at joints due to scar tissue

D. limitation of movement at joints due to scar tissue

According to our book, why are 3rd degree burns of the face considered "critical" ? A. increased risk of vision loss B. increased pain response due to facial nerves C. extreme danger of facial scarring D. there is a chance of burned respiratory passages that can swell and lead to suffocation

D. there is a chance of burned respiratory passages that can swell and lead to suffocation

It states that you must be able to identify: all ______________from Unit 1 exam and use ______________in a question with directional terms

all organs, the 3 body planes

What does "stratified" epithelium mean? A. epithelium composed of a single layer of cells on surface of a basement membrane B. epithelium composed of alternating size and shaped cells c. epithelium composed of many layers of cells stacked on top of each other D. epithelium composed of many irregular shaped cells that can change shape

c. epithelium composed of many layers of cells stacked on top of each other

Healing by secondary intention means that the edges of a wound must be "pulled" together using sutures/stitches to speed healing time.

false

The knee is proximal to the thigh

false

There are 3 layers of the dermis.

false

the part of the serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity wall is called visceral peritoneum

false

1. epithelial tissue covers or lines (found on surface of skin, organs or lining body cavities such as the oral cavity) and 2. found in _______________

glands such as eccrine sweat glands within the skin

The study of tissues is known as

histology

A patient is treated for a 3rd degree burn. She does not complain of any pain in that area. Why?

nerve endings in the burned area were destroyed, she does not feel anything in the area that was damaged

Give an example of a body part that contains dense regular connective tissue

tendons or ligaments also in fascia and aponeuroses

The shock-absorbing pads between the vertebrae are formed of fibrocartilage.

true

There are no nuclei found in both the S. corneum and the S. lucidum, ( the cells are dead)

true

Name the 2 most immediate and life threatening problems associated with a 3rd degree burn of the skin:__________

1) increase risk of infection 2)loss of body fluids

How many layers of the epidermis are found in "thick" skin?

5 layers

Which statement is true? A. Eccrine sweat glands secrete sweat through a duct that opens through a pore in skin and are not associated with a hair follicle B. sweat produced by eccrine and apocrine sweat glands contains the same substances C. sebum is a waxy substance that is produced by the apocrine gland D. apocrine sweat glands are the most common type of sweat gland and become active at birth

A. Eccrine sweat glands secrete sweat through a duct that opens through a pore in skin and are not associated with a hair follicle

Which statement concerning serous membranes is true? A. One function of serous membranes is to help maintain the position of the organ relative to the body cavity wall. B. All statements are true C. Serous membranes are found lining body cavities and the gastrointestinal tract (mouth, esophagus, intestines) D. Serous fluid and mucous is found within the 5 layers of the serous membranes

A. One function of serous membranes is to help maintain the position of the organ relative to the body cavity wall.

Mitosis, production of new epidermal skin cells, occurs in the A. S. Basale B. S. spinosum C. S. granulosum D. S. lucidum E. S. corneum F. papillary dermis

A. S. Basale

Which of the following is NOT a role of connective tissue? A. absorption B. insulation C. support D. protection

A. absorption

Melanin is a __________ pigment found within the epidermis of skin. A. brown B. yellow C. blue D.red

A. brown

Which type of protein fiber found in connective tissue is the strongest? A. collagen B. reticular C. keratin D. tension

A. collagen

Which tissue type consists of a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity? A. epithelial tissue B. nervous tissue C. muscle tissue D. connective tissue

A. epithelial tissue

Which type of tissue will be found covering the surface of an organ, such as the stomach, AND lining the inside of the stomach? A. epithelial tissue B. nervous tissue C. connective tissue D. muscular tissue

A. epithelial tissue

The book states that the 4 primary tissue types interweave to form the ________of the body. A. fabric B. pattern C. matrix D. network

A. fabric

Which type of burn involves only the epidermis? A. first degree B. second degree C. third degree D. zero degree

A. first degree

Which organ is contralateral to the spleen? A. gallbladder B.left lung C.left adrenal gland D. left kidney

A. gallbladder

Which is NOT one of the basic 4 types of connective tissue? A. glandular tissue B. bone C. cartilage D. blood E. connective tissue proper (divided into: dense regular CT and dense irregular CT)

A. glandular tissue

What are the three main components of connective tissue? A. ground substance, fibers, and cells B. alveoli, fibrous capsule, and secretory cells C. fibroblasts, chondroblasts, and osteoblasts D. collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers

A. ground substance, fibers, and cells

Where can you find dense irregular connective tissue? A. in deeper layer of the skin, the dermis, to allow strength in all directions B. outer surface of all bones C. in tendons that connect muscle to bone D. only found within ligaments, that connect bone to bon

A. in deeper layer of the skin, the dermis, to allow strength in all directions

What does the term "stratified" mean? A. layers of cells stacked on top of each other B. layers of cells that can change shape easily (stretch) C. cells that are divided based on changes in color D.cells that are flattened out in shape as they age

A. layers of cells stacked on top of each other

Which type of muscle contains "striations" (faint stripes) and is under voluntary control? A. skeletal muscle B. sarcomeric muscle C. smooth muscle D. cardiac muscle

A. skeletal muscle

Which of these is not part of the ventral cavity? A. vertebral cavity B. abdominopelvic cavity C. abdominal cavity D.thoracic cavity

A. vertebral cavity

Cells in the epidermis produce keratin, a protein that is involved in A. waterproofing the skin to prevent dehydration B. absorb and neutralize toxins that might otherwise enter the body C. giving skin its flexibility D. support and adhere cells to blood vessels

A. waterproofing the skin to prevent dehydration

Choose the answer that shows the correct order for the standard preparation of a histological specimen. A.(1) fixation, (2) sectioning, (3) staining B. (1) sectioning, (2) fixation, (3) staining C. (1) sectioning, (2) staining, (3) fixation D. (1) staining, (2) fixation, (3) sectioning E. (1) fixation, (2) staining, (3) sectioning

A.(1) fixation, (2) sectioning, (3) staining

Which statement best fits the word: "scalding" A. a 2nd or 3rd degree burn due to high electrical voltage B. 2nd or 3rd degree burn due to extremely hot water C. a first degree burn that is not painful D. blister formation due to a 2nd degree burn

B. 2nd or 3rd degree burn due to extremely hot water

In addition to protection (physical and chemical barrier), the skin serves other functions. Which of the following is another vital function of the skin? A. The cells of the epidermis store glucose as glycogen for energy. B. It converts modified epidermal cholesterol to a vitamin D precursor important to calcium metabolism. C. It absorbs vitamin C so that the skin will not be subject to diseases. D. It aids in the transport of materials throughout the body

B. It converts modified epidermal cholesterol to a vitamin D precursor important to calcium metabolism.

Despite its apparent durability, the dermis is subject to tearing. How might a person know that the dermis has been stretched and/or torn? A. The pain is acute due to the large number of Meissner's corpuscles. B. The appearance of visible, silvery-white scars is an indication of stretching of the dermis. C. The blood vessels in the dermis rupture and the blood passes through the tissue, causing "black-and-blue marks." D. The stretching causes the tension lines to disappear.

B. The appearance of visible, silvery-white scars is an indication of stretching of the dermis.

What does the "A" "PASEFS" in the pneumonic stand for? ____ (hint: think of the lining of your intestine and food moving from inside the intestine to your blood stream) A. adhesion B. absorption C. access D. allowance

B. absorption

Which is a function of the hypodermis? A. site of regeneration of injured dermal collagen fibers B. allows skin to be loosely anchored to underlying muscle C. functions as a site for excess water storage D. prevents dehydration

B. allows skin to be loosely anchored to underlying muscle

Which is an example of connective tissue in skin? a. ligament B. blood C. tendon D. cartilage

B. blood

Which tissues have little to no functional regenerative capacity? A. epithelial tissues, bones, and areolar connective tissue B. cardiac muscle and nervous tissue in the brain and spinal cord C. nervous tissue and smooth muscle D. cardiac and smooth muscle

B. cardiac muscle and nervous tissue in the brain and spinal cord

what are 2 basic functions of the nervous system? A. control and variation B. communication and control C. connection and integration D. communication and protection

B. communication and control

Skin is an organ that contains all 4 tissue types. What is the function of the arrector pili muscle found within the dermis of skin? A. gives the skin more flexibility B. contracts and pulls the hair follicle/ shaft creating "goose bumps" C. retracts the sebaceous gland until needed D. contracts and pulls the hair follicle deeper into the adipose layer

B. contracts and pulls the hair follicle/ shaft creating "goose bumps

You do need to know the 2 basic divisions of epithelial tissue: glandular vs lining/covering. Which of the choices below is true? A. endocrine glands secrete hormones into the blood using ducts (tiny tubes) B. exocrine glands secrete a substance using ducts (tiny tubes) out of the body or into a body cavity c. both exocrine and endocrine glands are a type of dense regular connective tissue D. in the video, I mentioned that sweat glands are an example of an endocrine gland

B. exocrine glands secrete a substance using ducts (tiny tubes) out of the body or into a body cavity

In the video about epithelial tissue, I used an example of eating chips to discuss A. sheer number of layers of epithelium needed for protection B. high regenerative capacity of epithelial tissue C. lack of blood vessels within epithelium D. lack of nerve endings within epithelium

B. high regenerative capacity of epithelial tissue

The word "viscera" refers to:_______ A. goblet cells that secrete mucus B. internal organs C. Serous and mucous membranes D. any type of internal duct (tubing)

B. internal organs

Smooth muscle ________. A. has long, cylindrical cells B. is under involuntary control C. has striations D. contains intercalated discs

B. is under involuntary control

n the video, when I discussed tissue that is the fastest to regenerate, I mentioned that only 1 organ within the human body can regenerate if part is damaged or removed. Which organ? ____ A. spleen B. liver C. kidney D. pancreas E. adrenal gland

B. liver

If the police need a DNA sample from a suspect, which type of cells would they need? A. keratinized epithelium B. non-keratinized epithelium C. cells from S. lucidum D. cells from Stratum corneum

B. non-keratinized epithelium

Which is NOT a function of skin? A. temperature regulation B. production of vitamin C C. sensory receptors/nerve endings D. protection from infection

B. production of vitamin C

In the video, I stated that some types of damaged tissue are replaced with _____ ________ that no longer functions the same as the original tissue. A. connective tissue B. scar tissue C. ground substance D. cutaneous tissue

B. scar tissue

Skin is considered an organ because it contains all 4 types of tissue. Which of the following is a type of epithelial tissue found in the dermis of skin? A. adipose tissue B. sebaceous gland C. capillary bed D. dense irregular tissue

B. sebaceous gland

Which of the following epithelial tissue locations is NOT correctly matched to its function? A. digestive tract: absorption B. skin: absorption C. kidney: filtration D. kidney: secretion E. skin: protection

B. skin: absorption

Injured cartilage might heal more quickly if a treatment were discovered that would A. prevent chondrocytes from dividing and thereby reducing the relative amount of matrix that is present in the cartilage B. stimulate blood vessels to develop within cartilage c. stimulate calcification of cartilage D. All of the listed responses are correct.

B. stimulate blood vessels to develop within cartilage

Which of the following is anterior to the pancreas? A. spleen B. stomach C. urinary bladder D. right adrenal gland E. left kidney

B. stomach

The dermis has two major layers. Which layer constitutes 80% of the dermis and is responsible for the tension lines in the skin? A. the hypodermal layer B. the reticular layer C. the papillary layer D. the subcutaneous layer

B. the reticular layer

Groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function form a(n) A. organ B. tissue C. organ system D. organism

B. tissue

The rule of nines is used to: A. to determine depth of a burn B. to determine surface area of a burn C. to estimate pain levels of the burn victim D. to estimate infection risk for a burn

B. to determine surface area of a burn

The nurse charted: "Patient has an open wound located on lateral aspect of right upper leg." Describe where the wound is located. A. wound is on the inner surface of upper right thigh B. wound is on outer edge or outside of the femoral region of right leg C. wound is on the back side of the right calf D. wound is on the front surface of the right femoral region E. wound is on the outer surface of the right knee

B. wound is on outer edge or outside of the femoral region of right leg

Which word indicates that epithelial tissue does not contain blood vessels? A. anti vascular B.avascular C.acirculatory D. non circulatory

B.avascular

Where, in the human body do you find "thick" skin (epidermis with all 5 layers)? A. only on the scalp B.on palms of hands and soles of feet C. in the axillary region only D. only in areas with high moisture content

B.on palms of hands and soles of feet

How many types of tissue are found within the human body? A. 3 B. 10 C. 4 D. 5

C. 4

Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person's brain? A. PET B. DSA C. MRI D. X ray

C. MRI

Which type of burn may be at risk for infection? A. only first degree burns B. only third degree burns C. both second and third degree burns D. only in second degree burns

C. both second and third degree burns

Which term is best applied to our skin? A. serous membrane B. stratified membrane C. cutaneous membrane D.mucous membrane

C. cutaneous membrane

Matrix is composed of A. ground substance and cells B. all organic compounds C. fibers and ground substance D. cells and fibers

C. fibers and ground substance

Which of the following contains adipose tissue? A. epidermis B. dermis C. hypodermis D.adipose is not found in skin

C. hypodermis

Which layer of the dermis is directly below the epidermis? A. hypodermis B. stratum basale C. papillary layer D. reticular layer

C. papillary layer

Which type of gland found in the dermis of the skin does NOT produce sweat? A. apocrine B. eccrine C. sebaceous gland D. endocrine

C. sebaceous gland

Which is NOT a purpose or function of mitosis? A. to allow the organism to grow (enlarge in size) B. to replace damaged cells C. to allow reproduction of the organism D. all answers are true

C. to allow reproduction of the organism

Where do you find melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin? A. in the papillary dermis B.in the reticular dermis C.in the Stratum basale of epidermis D. in the Stratum corneum of epidermis

C.in the Stratum basale of epidermis

Which is a function of the serous membranes that surround internal organs? A. serous fluid has no known function B.serous membranes provide a ready source of oxygen and nutrients in times of need C.serous fluid within the 2 layers allows the organ to change shape without friction D.serous membranes maintain the constant shape of the internal organs

C.serous fluid within the 2 layers allows the organ to change shape without friction

Thick" skin contains all 5 layers of the epidermis. Which of the 5 layers is missing in "thin" skin? A. S. Basale B. S. spinosum C. S. granulosum D. S. lucidum E. S. corneum

D. S. lucidum

A small family was traveling in its van and had a minor accident. The children in the back seats were wearing lap belts, but still sustained numerous bruises about the abdomen, and had some internal organ injuries. Why is this area more vulnerable to damage than others? A. The organs in the abdominal area not protected by serous membranes. B. The abdominal cavity is the largest, and is thus most likely to receive damage. C. The abdominal organs have a thinner layer of fat to cushion them. D. The abdominal organs are not protected by a bony covering. E. There are more organs present in the abdominal area, increasing the chance of damage.

D. The abdominal organs are not protected by a bony covering.

What is adipose? A. a type of glandular network of tiny tubes that secrete a product B. a type of cartilage that has no ground substance C. a type of dense regular connective tissue: either tendons or ligaments D. a type of loose connective tissue: cells contain fat (also known as lipids)

D. a type of loose connective tissue: cells contain fat (also known as lipids)

Which type of sweat gland is found in the axillary region (armpit area) of the body? A. sebaceous gland B. anular sweat gland C. mammary gland D. apocrine sweat gland E. eccrine sweat gland

D. apocrine sweat gland

Elastic cartilage is more flexible; it can be found A. inside the stomach B. covering the ends of all bones (at the joint) C. between the sternum and the ribs D. at the ear lobe

D. at the ear lobe

Which type of tissue is the fastest to regenerate? A. nervous tissue B. connective tissue C. muscle tissue D. epithelial tissue

D. epithelial tissue

Which structure found within the nervous system is a cell that transmits a signal? A. nerve B. spinal cord C. neuroglial cell D. neuron

D. neuron

The heart lies in the ________ cavity. A. dorsal B. pleural C. superior mediastinal D. pericardial

D. pericardial

Name the organ found in the right pleural body cavity__________ A. right adrenal gland B. appendix C. esophagus D. right lung E. right kidney

D. right lung

Which is NOT a type of muscle tissue? A. cardiac muscle B. smooth muscle C. skeletal muscle D. sarcomeric muscle

D. sarcomeric muscle

Which type of muscle tissue can be voluntarily controlled? A. smooth muscle B. cardiac muscle C. sarcomeric muscle D. skeletal muscle

D. skeletal muscle

Which terms best describe the cells of the Stratum corneum of the epidermis? A. stratified, cuboidal B. simple, squamous C. stratified, squamous D. stratified, columnar E. simple, columnar F. squamous, columnar G. cuboidal, simple

D. stratified, columnar

The reason the hypodermis acts as a shock absorber is that A.it has no delicate nerve endings and can therefore absorb more shock B. the cells that make up the hypodermis secrete a protective mucus C. it is located just below the epidermis and protects the dermis from shock D. the major part of its makeup is adipose, which serves as an effective shock absorber

D. the major part of its makeup is adipose, which serves as an effective shock absorber

Which 2 body parts are contra lateral to each other? A. appendix and right kidney B. right lung and gallbladder C. spleen and left adrenal gland D. right kidney and gallbladder E. spleen and gallbladder F. heart and urinary bladder

E. spleen and gallbladder

Which of the following types of serous membrane would be found on the surface of the heart? A. parietal pericardium B. parietal peritoneum C. parietal pleura D. visceral pleura E. visceral pericardium F. visceral peritoneum

E. visceral pericardium