Unit 2 exam questions

The author's portrayal of the activities shown in Image 2 was most directly informed by A aristocratic resentment of peasants B Christian religious ideals C royal concern about the growing wealth of merchants D aristocratic ideals of chivalry and valor

Christian religious ideals

The ideals of traditional Japanese education that the author praises in the passage are most closely aligned with the social ideals advocated by which of the following? A Buddhism B Christianity C Confucianism D Daoism

Confucianism

The expansion of the Mongol Empire most directly led to which of the following political developments in Afro-Eurasia? A The spread of feudalism to western Europe, as the Mongol conquests greatly weakened centralized monarchies B The expansion of the Mali Empire in West Africa, as the Mongol conquests destroyed the Abbasid Caliphate C The collapse of previously existing states, such as the Song dynasty of China D The adoption of Islamic systems of rule by Turkic states in the Middle East, such as the Seljuq Empire

The collapse of previously existing states, such as the Song dynasty of China

The maritime trade connections involving East Africa shown on Map 1provided a setting for which of the following developments? A The emergence of commercial credit through banks B The development of the compass C The spread of Islam D The appearance of social structures privileging men over women

The spread of Islam

The commercial practices shown in the images emerged in order to A facilitate the development of regional trade networks by creating uniform currencies and systems of credit. B finance imperial conquests by supplying credit and currency for purchasing weapons. C facilitate a growing trade in luxury goods by providing greater access to credit and currency. D finance transnational Chinese artisan businesses across Eurasia by diversifying sources of credit and currency.

facilitate a growing trade in luxury goods by providing greater access to credit and currency.

The burial depicted in the image most likely resulted from the spread of which of the following? A Spanish influenza B Malaria C Smallpox D Bubonic plague

Bubonic plague

All of the following statements about the use of the currency shown in Image 1 in China under the Yuan dynasty are factually accurate. Which best explains why the currency often led to hyperinflation? A The Yuan government forced private citizens to surrender their gold and silver and accept paper currency in its place. B Excessive amounts of currency were printed in order to fund military expeditions and reward local elites. C The Mongol Ilkhanate in Persia also briefly modeled its monetary policy on the paper currency printed in Yuan China. D Travelers to Yuan China noted that only paper currency was accepted for business transactions.

Excessive amounts of currency were printed in order to fund military expeditions and reward local elites.

Ibn Battuta's claim in the second paragraph that the ceremony that he observed at the court of the sultan of Sumatra was similar to a ceremony that he had seen at the court of the Delhi sultan in India is most likely understood in the context of which of the following developments in the Indian Ocean region in the period 1200-1450 ? A Expanding trade facilitated increased tolerance of the traditions of other religious groups. B Cultural exchange emerged from competition among maritime empires. C Increasing cross-cultural interactions facilitated the spread of cultural traditions. D Cultural exchange emerged from new patterns of regional commerce.

Increasing cross-cultural interactions facilitated the spread of cultural traditions.

Which of the following best explains why trade along the trans-Saharan trade networks increased in the period 1200-1450 ? A Innovations in previously existing transportation technologies, such as the caravan, allowed merchants to carry larger loads and protect themselves. B The introduction of new commercial technologies, such as the compass, made it easier for merchants to find their destinations in the desert. C The expansion of banking houses made it easier for merchants to fund their commercial activities. D Increasing literacy rates allowed merchants to develop more complex business partnerships.

Innovations in previously existing transportation technologies, such as the caravan, allowed merchants to carry larger loads and protect themselves.

Which of the following led most directly to the development of the trading network on the map? A The growth of trading cities on the Swahili Coast B Innovations in transportation and commercial technologies such as caravanserai C The overall decline in the trade of goods along the Silk Roads D The emergence of the trans-Atlantic slave trade in West Africa

Innovations in transportation and commercial technologies such as caravanserai

The spread of which of the following religious traditions was most directly facilitated by trade along the routes shown on the map? A Christianity B Buddhism C Islam D Judaism

Islam

Which of the following best explains an effect of the expansion of the Mali Empire on the trans-Saharan trade networks? A It led to an increase in trade by imposing the merchant-friendly religion of Islam on its subjects. B It expanded commerce by establishing maritime as well as overland connections with the Swahili states of East Africa. C It facilitated commercial growth by expanding the number of people participating in the trade networks. D It expanded commercial activity by promoting scientific and cultural exchange.

It facilitated commercial growth by expanding the number of people participating in the trade networks.

Voyages such as those referred to in the third paragraph were most directly facilitated by which of the following? A A decrease in pirate activity following Zheng He's naval expeditions B Merchants' understanding of the patterns of the monsoon winds C An increase in the use of new forms of credit, such as paper money D Technological transfers from Europe, such as the compass

Merchants' understanding of the patterns of the monsoon winds

The breakup of the Mongol Empire into separate khanates during the mid-thirteenth century was most connected to which of the following developments? A The spread of the bubonic plague following the expansion of trade along the Silk Roads weakened the Mongol Empire demographically and militarily. B Mongol traditions emphasized tribal and personal loyalties and made it difficult to establish long-lasting centralized dynastic rule, which led to civil war. C Rebellions in China overthrew Mongol rule there and led to the reestablishment of Han Chinese rule under the Ming dynasty. D The attempts of Mongol rulers to force their subjects to convert to Islam led to widespread rebellions in Central and East Asia.

Mongol traditions emphasized tribal and personal loyalties and made it difficult to establish long-lasting centralized dynastic rule, which led to civil war.

Which of the following most likely explains why the scroll was copied for a new audience in the 1350s? A The Mongol conquests caused widespread destruction to China's irrigation system. B The artist wanted to demonstrate the superiority of the Song dynasty over the Yuan dynasty. C Mongols adopted and spread technological innovations from regions within their empire. D Chinese culture had a significant influence on neighboring countries, such as Korea and Vietnam.

Mongols adopted and spread technological innovations from regions within their empire.

Based on Ibn Battuta's description of the sultan of Sumatra in the first paragraph, his point of view could most likely be characterized as that of a A Sunni Muslim merchant who believes that commercial profits should be given greater consideration than religious purity B Sufi Muslim mystic who believes that Muslim rulers should encourage religious coexistence C Shi'a Muslim cleric who believes that false interpretations of Islam have corrupted the religion D Sunni Muslim jurist who believes that a Muslim ruler should patronize the religious elite and seek to expand Islam

Sunni Muslim jurist who believes that a Muslim ruler should patronize the religious elite and seek to expand Islam

Which of the following best describes an effect of the establishment of the Mongol Empire upon Silk Road long distance trade? A The Silk Road trade declined because the Mongol merchants preferred to use maritime long-distance trade networks instead. B The Silk Road trade increased because the Mongol conquests helped connect more regions of Eurasia economically and commercially. C The Silk Road trade was not affected by the Mongol conquests because the tribal and nomadic nature of Mongol society meant that Mongol demand for luxury goods was virtually nonexistent. D The Silk Road trade collapsed following the Mongol conquests because most trading cities along the Silk Roads were destroyed and never recovered.

The Silk Road trade increased because the Mongol conquests helped connect more regions of Eurasia economically and commercially.

The mortality depicted in the image most directly contributed to which of the following changes in Europe in the late fourteenth and fifteenth centuries? A The end of feudalism B The decline of serfdom C The collapse of the Byzantine Empire D The Protestant Reformation

The decline of serfdom

Which of the following best explains why, in the mid fourteenth century, events of the type depicted in the image were more common in urban areas of Afro-Eurasia than in rural or mountainous regions? A The disease principally spread along trade routes, and most commerce occurred in urban areas. B People in rural and mountainous regions had greater access to natural medicines that could fight the disease. C People in rural and mountainous regions were better able to flee to the safety of their lords' castles. D The disease principally spread among religious missionaries, and most missionaries traveled to cities.

The disease principally spread along trade routes, and most commerce occurred in urban areas.

Which of the following contributed most directly to an increase in trade along the routes on the map? A The expansion of empires such as Mali in West Africa B The expansion of the Mongol Empire across Eurasia C The start of the Protestant Reformation in western Europe D The completion of the Christian Reconquista of Spain

The expansion of empires such as Mali in West Africa

Which of the following best explains a development in the trans-Saharan trade networks in the period 1200-1450 ? A The networks became more dangerous because of religious conflict between Christian and Muslim states. B The geographic range of the networks increased because of improved commercial practices. C The networks were increasingly disrupted because of the growing importance of maritime commerce. D The value of merchandise along the networks increased because of demand for silver and bronze from Muslim states in North Africa and the Middle East.

The geographic range of the networks increased because of improved commercial practices.

The first paragraph most directly illustrates how increasing regional interactions led to which of the following developments in the Indian Ocean in the period 1200-1450? A The establishment of diasporic merchant communities B The establishment of new trading cities C The introduction of new cultural traditions D The emergence of syncretic belief systems

The introduction of new cultural traditions

Which of the following best describes a way in which the table illustrates how the spread of rice cultivation contributed to changing the total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops in China, India, and the Middle East between 1200 and 1300 ? A The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined in China and the Middle East but rose in India. B The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined more substantially in India than it did in the Middle East and China. C The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined in all three regions. D The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops increased in every region except China.

The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined in all three regions.

Which of the following best describes how the table illustrates the effect of the spread of the bubonic plague on the total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops in Europe and the Middle East between 1300 and 1400 ? A The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops did not change significantly in either region. B The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops decreased more substantially in the Middle East than in Europe. C The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined substantially in Europe and slightly in the Middle East. D The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops increased slightly in the Middle East and in Europe.

The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined substantially in Europe and slightly in the Middle East.

Which of the following best describes a way in which the table illustrates how an emphasis on wheat cultivation in Europe affected the total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops there compared with the rice-producing regions of China and India between 1200 and 1300 ? A The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops in Europe increased at the same rate that the total amount of land devoted to agricultural crops in China and India declined. B The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops in China, India, and Europe remained relatively stable. C The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined in all three regions. D The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops increased considerably in Europe and declined in China and India.

The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops increased considerably in Europe and declined in China and India.

Which of the following best explains the continuity in the trade routes between East Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and India as shown on the maps? A Trade along the routes depended on the activities of Chinese merchants. B Trade along the routes relied on sailors' knowledge of the monsoon winds. C Trade along the routes depended on silver from the Americas. D Trade along the routes relied on sailors' knowledge of longitude from classical maps.

Trade along the routes relied on sailors' knowledge of the monsoon winds.

The policy toward minority religious groups described in Source 1 is most consistent with the policy toward minority religious groups in Islamic states in the period before 1450 because it A required certain minority religious groups to pay a poll tax B was often not strictly enforced by local officials C granted limited personal freedom and protection D allowed minority religious groups to use their traditional legal systems

granted limited personal freedom and protection

Image 1 could best be used as evidence of the ways in which A the introduction of new commercial practices fostered urban expansion. B new commercial technologies helped expand literacy. C imperial states attempted to expand commercial activity. D commerce fostered cultural unity in some politically fragmented regions.

imperial states attempted to expand commercial activity.

The trade networks described by the two sources were most strongly influenced by A increased Asian demand for food imports B increased European demand for luxury goods C increased Chinese maritime activity in the Indian Ocean D increased demand for precious metals within European colonies in the Americas

increased European demand for luxury goods

The purpose of Ibn Battuta's account was most likely to A glorify himself by exaggerating the influence he had obtained over local rulers in Southeast Asia B warn Muslim merchants that China was beginning to dominate commerce in the Indian Ocean C encourage fellow Muslims in North Africa to participate more in maritime commerce D inform his audience about the cultural, political, and economic characteristics of the places he visited

inform his audience about the cultural, political, and economic characteristics of the places he visited

The third paragraph most directly illustrates the ways in which rulers in the Indian Ocean in the period before 1450 A used their military power to monopolize the trade in luxury goods B attempted to incorporate new territories and peoples into their commercial empires C sought to spread religious traditions by patronizing merchant communities D used expanding trade networks to facilitate state development

used expanding trade networks to facilitate state development