Unit 2 Exam Review (Proctored Exam)

Devout followers of Nichiren repeat the mantra of Namu Myoho Renge Kyo because they believe it will __________________________________.

Connect them with the divine power of the universe.

The term jina means _____________.

Conqueror

In the Trikaya or Three Body doctrine of Mahayana Buddhism, the Buddha nature can express itself in three ways. Dharmakaya refers to the .....

Cosmic Buddha nature which is invisible and permeates all things, (Similar to Brahman).

A feature of the Pure Land School of Buddhism is that it ___________________________________.

Created a devotional form of Buddhism that could be practiced by laypeople as well as monks.

The executive head of the Gelug-pa is called the _____________________________.

Dalai Lama

An element of Hinduism that Nanak rejected is ____________________.

Devotion to images

The totality of Buddhist teaching.

Dharma

The Sanskrit term for "the cosmic Buddha nature" is ___________________________.

Dharmakaya

"Meditation"; focusing of the mind; sometimes, stages of trance.

Dhyana

Based on the Noble Eightfold Path, ___________________ refers to the disciplines of meditation.

Dhyana

"Clothed in sky"; a member of the Jain sect in which monks ideally do not wear clothing.

Digambara

A feature of the Digambara branch of Jainism is that it ____________________________.

Does not accept women into monastic life.

Sorrow, misery.

Dukkha

The Pali term ___________________ is usually translated as "suffering" or "sorrow" and is the third characteristic of reality.

Dukkha

In the Three Marks of Reality, name the Buddhist doctrine which states that "Life Hurts" or "to live is to suffer". It is also the First Noble Truth.

Dukkha/Duhkha

Buddhism's first contact with the West occurred when ______________________________.

English colonials carried translations of Theravada material to Europe.

According to Jainism, the material side of the human being seeks _________________________.

Escape from pain

True or False: According to the Buddha, all things remain the same over time.

False

True or False: Buddhist doctrines are meant to be accepted on blind faith.

False

True or False: In the past, Jainism spread well beyond India because it sought converts in other lands.

False

What are the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism?

First Noble Truth: - To Live Is to Suffer Second Noble Truth: - Suffering Comes from Desire Third Noble Truth: - To End Suffering, End Desire Fourth Noble Truth: - Release from Suffering Is Possible and Can Be Attained by Following the Noble Eightfold Path.

The term tirthankaras can be translated as ________________________.

Ford Finders

Release from suffering is possible and can be attained by following the eightfold path.

Fourth Noble Truth

Tsong Kha-pa's sect of Buddhism is known as _________________________, meaning "party of virtue."

Gelug-pa

Because of his military power, Gobind Rai came to be known as ________________.

Gobind Singh

Siddhartha's escape from the palace grounds into the world with nothing but questions is known as the ______________ _______________________ ______________.

Great Going Forth

A popular bodhisattva of compassion in Mahayana.

Guanyin

Avalokiteshvara's name in Chinese is _____________.

Guanyin

A Sikh temple.

Gurdwara

The Adi Granth is also known as ___________________________________________________.

Guru Granth Sahib

_________________ steered Sikhism in a more self-defensive direction.

Har Gobind

According to Nanak, God can be approached personally by an individual because God __________________________.

Has personal qualities.

A true statement about the first noble truth, to live is to suffer, is that _____________________________.

Having a body means that people can be tired and sick.

A feature of nirvana is that it _________________________________.

Is an existence beyond limitation.

The Buddhist view toward karma is that it ____________________________.

Is thought to accompany and affect the elements of personality that reappear in later lifetimes.

A feature of temporary ordination is that it ____________________________________.

Is thought to positively influence the formation of young men's characters.

Nirvana seems to come from a word that means .....

blown out, extinguish.

Buddha means the enlightened one, or the one who .....

is Awake.

One of the greatest exponents of Korean Buddhism during the Koryo dynasty was the monk _______________________.

Chinul

The monk Chinul founded the ___________________ order, which combines textual study with regular meditation.

Chogye

Nanak viewed the human being as ________________________________.

Composed of body and spirit.

Jainism has not spread widely because it ______________________________.

Possesses an extremist quality.

Ritual in honor of a Tirthankara or deity.

Puja

What does Ahimsa mean?

"Do No Harm"

The Digambaras fast for ___________________ before the celebration of the New Year.

15 days

In the Three Marks of Reality, the Buddhist doctrine of anatta or anatman states that humans do not have immortal _____________.

Souls

What are the Four Passing Sights in Buddhism?

- A sick man, wasted by disease. - A corpse being taken for cremation. - A sannyasin. - An old man, crooked and toothless.

What are the similarities between Jainism and Sikhism?

- Both religions stress the importance of the individual's struggle to purify the self, to act morally, and to do good to others.

What does Sikhism believe in?

- Embraces a devout monotheism. - Accepts meat eating and military self-defense.

People opposed the Vedic religion because they ___________________________.

- Felt threatened by the power of the priests. - Opposed the growing strength of the caste system. - Opposed the animal sacrifices.

What is the chronological order of leadership in Sikh gurus?

- Nanak - Angad - Amar Das - Ram Das

What does Jainism believe in?

- Rejects belief in a Creator and sees the universe simply as natural forces in motion. - Recognizes the spiritual potential of each person. - Emphasizes the ideals of extreme nonattachment and non-harm (ahimsa).

What are the large collections of writings in the literature of Tibetan Buddhism?

- The Tenjur - The Kanjur

What are the branches of Buddhism?

- Theravada - Mahayana - Vajrayana

What are the Three Jewels?

1. Buddha 2. Dharma 3. Sangha

What are the Three Marks of Reality?

1. Constant Change 2. Lack of Permanent Identity 3. Existence of Suffering

What are the eight "steps" of the Noble Eightfold Path?

1. Right Understanding 2. Right Intention 3. Right Speech 4. Right Action 5. Right Work 6. Right Effort 7. Right Meditation 8. Right Contemplation

It consists of works that go beyond the elementary teachings.

Abhidharma

The right hand extended with the palm outward and the fingers pointing up.

A mudra of blessing

The right hand extended with the palm open and the hand turned downward.

A mudra of generosity

In the context of reincarnation, Jains believe that ________________________________________.

A spirit can move up or down the scale of rebirth.

The third collection in the Tripitaka.

Abhidharma

A feature of Nanak's teachings is that he __________________________________.

Accepted a belief in reincarnation and karma.

"Original collection"; the primary scripture of the Sikhs.

Adi Granth

Guru Arjan created the sacred book of the Sikhs known as the ______________________________.

Adi Granth

What is a characteristic feature of Mahavira?

After losing his loincloth, Mahavira went entirely naked for the rest of his life.

Hold that to cause suffering to any being is cruel and unnecessary.

Ahimsa

Matter without soul or life.

Ajiva

Jains teach that ____________________________.

All parts of the universe are composed of two types of reality.

Critics of Mahayana Buddhism claim that is has ________________________________.

Allowed ritual and speculation to creep back into Buddhism.

Followers of Pure Land Buddhism are devoted to __________________________.

Amitabha Buddha

The Buddha of the Western Paradise, a bliss-body Buddha in Mahayana.

Amitabha Buddha

"No self"; the doctrine that there is no soul or permanent essence in people and things.

Anatta

Impermanence, constant change.

Anichcha

What is the Pali term for change?

Anichcha

In the Three Marks of Reality, name the Buddhist doctrine of impermanence. This means there are no permanent entities since all phenomena change continuously.

Anichcha/Anitya

Mahayana Buddhism had virtues that appealed to a wide spectrum of the ancient Chinese population because it ___________________________.

Answered questions about the afterlife.

A feature of the Buddhist doctrines is that they ____________________________.

Are recommendations for a practical way of life.

In Theravada, a person who practiced monastic disciplines and reached nirvana, the ideal.

Arhat

In Theravada art and architecture, the umbrella represents the Buddha's ________________________.

Authority

The Buddha means the ____________.

Awakened One

The term bodhi means ____________________.

Awakening

Enlightenment.

Bodhi

"Enlightenment being"; in Mahayana, a person of deep compassion, especially one who does not enter nirvana but is constantly reborn to help others; a heavenly being of compassion.

Bodhisattva

The human ideal in Mahayana Buddhism is the person of deep compassion, the _______________________.

Bodhisattva

The human ideal in Mahayana Buddhism is the person of deep compassion, the ______________________________________.

Bodhisattva

The Chinese equivalent of Zen Buddhism is called _____________________________.

Chan

Which of the following statements is true about the Buddha?

He concluded that to live means inescapably to experience sorrow and dissatisfaction.

In the context of the Jodo Shin Shu school of Buddhism, Shinran taught that _____________________.

Human actions to attain salvation were unimportant in comparison to the saving power of the Buddha.

The belief that all physical matter has life and feeling.

Hylozoism

For the married individual, Jainism discourages ____________________________.

Improper sex which hurts others.

Where did Jainism originate?

India

Where did Sikhism originate?

India

A second wave of interest in Buddhism was created when ____________________________.

Japan was opened to foreigners.

A poem by Guru Nanak that begins the Adi Granth; the poem is recited daily by pious Sikhs.

Japji

The first and most important part of t he Adi Granth is the _________________________________.

Japji

"Conqueror"; the Jain term for a perfected person who will not be reborn.

Jina

In Jainism, the spirit which senses and feels is called _____________.

Jiva

Spirit, soul, which enlivens matter.

Jiva

In Japan, the Pure Land School of Buddhism is called _________________________.

Jodo Shu

Compassion, empathy.

Karuna

In Chan and Zen Buddhism, a question that cannot be answered logically; a technique used to test consciousness and bring awakening.

Koan

A Tibetan Buddhist teacher; a title of honor often given to all Tibetan monks.

Lama

Nataputta Vardhamana is usually referred to by the honorary title ___________________________.

Mahavira

A Buddha (or bodhisattva) expected to appear on Earth in the future.

Maitreya

A historical Buddha who will appear on earth in the future to inaugurate a golden age.

Maitreya

A geometrical design containing deities, circles, squares, symbols, and so on that represent totality, the self, or the universe.

Mandala

Shingon uses two _______________, which are geometrical designs, usually painted on cloth, that present reality in symbolic form.

Mandalas

Buddha taught that the search for enlightenment is best pursued by avoiding extremes of hedonism or asceticism. This is known in Buddhist doctrine as following the:

Middle Way

Unlike Hinduism, Islam is a ______________ religion.

Monotheistic

A symbolic hand gesture.

Mudra

Symbolic hand gestures on statues of the Buddha are called _______________________________.

Mudras

A feature of the Theravada monks is that they ________________________________.

Must beg for their daily food.

Siddhartha Gautama's physical body, because it is considered an incarnation of this divine reality, is called __________________.

Nimanakaya

In the Trikaya or Three Body doctrine of Mahayana Buddhism, the Buddha nature can express itself in three ways. The divine manifestation of Dharmakaya into special human bodies such as those of Siddhartha Gautama or the Maitreya is defined as "transformation body" or .....

Nirmanakaya

The release from suffering and rebirth that brings inner peace.

Nirvana

What is the ultimate goal of Buddhism?

Nirvana

The goal of Buddhism is enlightenment or ______________ (literally a putting out of the lamp of ego, desire or separate existence). This is the third Noble Truth.

Nirvana/Nibbana

According to Buddhism, the second mark of reality is that each person and each thing is not only changing, but that it is made up of parts that are also constantly changing. This second concept is referred to as "_______________________________________".

No permanent identity

The term ahimsa can be translated as ________________________________.

Nonviolence

Karuna implies that _____________________.

People all are part of the same ever-changing universe.

According to Mahayana Buddhism, a feature of the cosmic Buddha nature is that it ______________.

Permeates all things

The third part of the Adi Granth contains ______________________________.

Poems and hymns from Hindu, Muslim, and Sikh gurus and saints.

Tathata represents a view of experience that says that ________________________________________.

Reality is revealed in each moment, as we savor patterns, relationships, and change.

A similarity between Hinduism and Islam is that they ________________________.

Recognize the important role of a spiritual master.

A common feature between Mahavira and the Buddha is that they both _______________.

Rejected the importance of a priestly class.

In its earliest stage, Sikhism was a _______________________________.

Religious movement

It refers to actions that do not hurt any other being that can feel hurt.

Right Action

Which of the following steps of the Noble Eightfold Path requires a person to have pure thoughts and motives, not tainted by his or her emotions and selfish desires?

Right Intention

It refers to speaking honestly and kindly, in positive ways, avoiding lies, exaggeration, harsh words.

Right Speech

According to the Noble Eightfold Path, what is a person said to have when he or she recognizes the impermanence of life, the mechanism of desire, and the cause of suffering?

Right Understanding

It refers to recognizing the impermanence of life, the mechanism of desire, and the cause of suffering.

Right Understanding

It refers to a job that does no harm to individuals themselves or others.

Right Work

The _____________________ is one of the most widely loved works of Mahayana and is known simply as the Lotus Sutra.

Saddharma Pundarika Sutra

The ______________________ is one of the most widely loved works of Mahayana and is known simply as the Lotus Sutra.

Saddharma Pundarika Sutra

"Holy death"; death by self-starvation, valued in Jainism as a noble end to a long life of virtue and detachment.

Sallekhana

A state of deep awareness, the result of intensive meditation.

Samadhi

Constant rebirth and the attendant suffering; the everyday world of change.

Samsara

Nanak organized religious groups, called ____________________, which were to offer both worship to God and assistance to fellow human beings.

Sangats

The ________________ is the community of monks and nuns.

Sangha

The community of monks and nuns; lowercased, sangha refers to an individual monastic community.

Sangha

Which of the following terms refers to the Buddhist community of monks and nuns?

Sangha

______________________ were people who practiced a spirituality that drew from both Hinduism and Islam and that sought to overcome religious divisions.

Sants

In Zen, the enlightened awareness.

Satori

There is a cause to universal suffering and samsara. Suffering comes from desire. Ignorant cravings (tanha) cause pain and suffering in life.

Second Noble Truth

In contrast to Sikhism, Jainism ____________________.

Sees the universe as natural forces in motion.

Which of the following is part of the Three Jewels of Buddhism? These are the Dharma, the Sangha and the

Shaykamuni Buddha

A school of Mahayana Buddhism that means "true word" or "word of truth".

Shingon

The Mahayana notion of emptiness, meaning that the universe is empty of permanent reality.

Shunyata

The term _________________ may be translated as "emptiness" or "zero-ness".

Shunyata

"Clothed in white"; a member of the Jain sect in which monks and nuns wear white clothing.

Shvetambara

Who was the Buddha?

Siddhartha Gautama

"Disciple"; a follower of the Sikh religion.

Sikh

Every male within the Khaisa took the name _________________________.

Singh

In the Buddhist doctrine of anichcha or anitya, nothing is permanent which includes the concept of self. Rather the self is made of aggregates called skandhas which constantly change. All of the following are skandhas except .....

Soul or atman

"Building person"; a member of a Jain sect that rejects the use of statues and temples.

Sthanakavasi

The ______________ branch of Jainism is a reform movement that emerged from the Shvetambara branch in the early eighteenth century.

Sthanakavasi

A shrine, usually in the shape of a dome, used to mark Buddhist relics or sacred sites.

Stupa

According to Buddhist teachings, the second noble truth states that _________________________________.

Suffering comes from desire

What does the Second Noble Truth state according to Buddhist teachings?

Suffering comes from desire.

Jains traditionally have believed that ____________________________________.

Superhuman beings exist in realms of the universe above the Earth.

In the Trikaya or Three Body doctrine of Mahayana Buddhism, the Buddha nature can express itself in three ways. Sambhogakaya refers to the ....

Supernatural Buddhas who have radiant invulnerable bodies and live in constant happiness in the heavens beyond the earth.

A sacred text, especially one said to record the words of the Buddha.

Sutra

It comprises of sayings of the Buddha in the form of sermons or dialogues.

Sutra

The second collection in the Tripitaka.

Sutra

Which of the following terms refers to the general name in Buddhism for the category of texts that records the words of the Buddha?

Sutra

In Shingon, the _________________mandala shows the universe from the point of view of the compassionate person.

Tai-zo

"Thatness," "thusness," "suchness"; the uniqueness of each changing moment of reality.

Tathata

A feature of Shvetambara Jainism is that it __________________________________.

Teaches that Mahavira was married at one time.

"Thirteen"; a member of the newest Jain sect.

Terapanthi

A branch of Jainism that was founded by Acharya Bhilkshu.

Terapanthi

What is the "way to inner peace" in Buddhism?

The Noble Eightfold Path

The _____________________ school of Buddhism takes its name from its goal of passing on the Buddha's teachings unchanged and means "the way of the elders".

Theravada

Nanak referred to the fundamental divine reality as the True Name because ________________________________.

The divine is beyond all human conception.

Jainism teaches that _______________________.

The universe goes through regular great cycles of rise and fall.

According to the third noble truth, a certain emotional neutrality is the best path because _________________________________.

Things of happiness are always paid for by times of unhappiness.

There is a solution to the pain and suffering in life. To end suffering in life, end desire.

Third Noble Truth

The Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha are known as the ____________ _______________.

Three Jewels

The term trikaya means __________________________.

Three-Body

The Sanskrit term for "no permanent identity" is anatman because of the Buddha's refusal to accept the Hindu notion of _______________________________.

Timeless, unchanging reality underlying everything.

"Crossing maker"; in Jainism, one of the twenty-four ideal human beings of the past, Mahavira being the most recent.

Tirthankara

One of the recommendations of the Buddha is ________________________________.

To look at life as it really is.

The three "bodies" of the Buddha ---- the Dharmakaya (cosmic Buddha nature), the Nirmanakaya (historical Buddhas), and the Sambhogakya (celestial Buddhas).

Trikaya

The three "baskets", or collections, of Buddhist texts.

Tripitaka

True or False: Both Jainism and Sikhism share some connection with Hinduism.

True

True or False: Buddha did not write down is teachings, nor did his early disciples.

True

True or False: Buddhism is one of the world's oldest and most significant religions.

True

True or False: Donations are specifically given to Theravada monks at the New Year festival and at the beginning and end of the rainy season.

True

True or False: For Tantric Buddhism, enlightenment is an experience of ultimate oneness that occurs when a practitioner unites all opposites.

True

True or False: India in the fifth century BCE was in a state of religious ferment.

True

True or False: Jain ethics says that stealing arises from improper desire and causes pain to others.

True

True or False: Jainism discourages the telling of any falsehoods and avoids exaggeration, even when meant humorously.

True

True or False: Jainism teaches that Mahariva abandoned all attachments --- family, possessions, even his clothing --- and that monks and nuns must imitate him to the best of their capacity.

True

In Jain literature, the twelve ________________ are a collection of laws, rituals (particularly associated with assistance in dying), and other miscellaneous texts.

Upangas

The title Shingon refers to the _____________________.

Use of sacred chants, called mantras.

Among the significant ritual objects, the ________________________ is a metal object somewhat like a divining rod or scepter that represents a stylized bolt of lightning.

Vajra

The "diamond" scepter used in Tibetan and other types of Buddhist ritual, symbolizing compassion.

Vajra

Where do Jainism and Sikhism differ?

Views of reality and emotional tone.

It outlines the procedural rules for monastic life in the Tripitaka.

Vinaya

The first collection in the Tripitaka.

Vinaya

The most fundamental Zen technique for reaching enlightenment is regular "sitting meditation".

Zazen

Mahavira's life story resembles the story of ________________________.

the Buddha