Unit 2, Lesson 5: Overview of Cellular Respiration

What molecules are not either oxidized or reduced during electron flow through the electron transport chain?

Co-A

In what part of the cell does glycolysis take place?

Cytosol

Which of the following is not a structural component of the mitochondria? Matrix Cytosol Inner membrane Intermembrane space

Cytosol

Which type of cells would most likely experience an increase in the production of ATP while you run laps in gym?

Ex. leg muscle cells, Your leg muscle cells would respire faster to replace the energy consumed by running.

How many molecules of FADH2 are generated during the citric acid cycle?

1

How many molecules of ATP are produced during glycolysis (the net gain of ATP molecules)?

2

How many molecules of carbon dioxide are generated during the citric acid cycle?

2

In order to "kick start" the process of glycolysis, an initial input of ______ ATP molecules is required.

2

In which protein complex in the inner mitochondrial membrane is FADH2 oxidized? 1, 2, 3, or 4

2

How many molecules of ATP can be generated from one round of the citric acid cycle?

24

How many molecules of NADH are generated during the citric acid cycle?

3

Which of the three major stages of aerobic cellular respiration DOES NOT produce the electron carrier NADH? (enter the number -- see below) 1. glycolysis 2. Krebs cycle 3. electron transport chain and ATP synthase

3, In step 3, NADH transfers electrons from the original glucose molecule to the electron transport chain.

ATP consists of an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and ___ phosphate groups.

3, three, Energy is stored in the bonds between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups.

Out of the 38 ATP molecules produced from one glucose molecule in aerobic cellular respiration, how many are actually produced inside the mitochondrion?

36, The other two come from glycolysis in the cytoplasm.

When oxygen is present, cellular respiration yields a total of ______ ATP

38, thirty-eight, Produced in glycolysis (2), the Krebs Cycle (2) and the Electron Transport Chain (34).

In which protein complex in the inner mitochondrial membrane is oxygen reduced?

4

What is oxaloacetate?

4 carbon molecule

In which protein complex in the inner mitochondrial membrane is ATP synthesized? 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5

5

How many carbon atoms are found in one molecule of glucose?

6

In the second step of glycolysis, the enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase converts glucose-6- phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate. This reaction converts a ___-carbon molecule to a ___- carbon molecule.

6,5

Complete the following statement: ATP = _____ + P

ADP, ATP is formed when a phosphate group is added to ADP during respiration.

What molecule contains three phosphate groups?

ATP

Which of the following is not a coenzyme? CoA FAD ATP NAD

ATP

What abbreviation do we use for the molecule called Adenosine Triphosphate?

ATP, ATP is the major molecule the carries "usable" energy for the cell.

What is the starting material of the citric acid cycle?

Acetyl-CoA

Ethanol is a product of what following process?

Alcoholic fermentation

Phosphofructokinase (PFK)

An allosteric enzyme important in glycolysis (PFK)

What does not accurately describe the glycolytic pathway?

Anabolic

Metabolic reactions that synthesize molecules are classified as _________ while metabolic reactions that degrade molecules are classified as _________.

Anabolic, Catabolic

Respiration that occurs without oxygen is classified as which of the following

Anerobic

Organisms that acquire energy through ingestion of food are called which of the following?

Chemotrophs

During which metabolic stage is glucose broken down to pyruvate?

Glycolysis

Which event dose not take place in the mitochondria?

Glycolysis

Which of the three major stages of cellular respiration DOES NOT take place in the mitochondrion?

Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell.

What type of metabolic reaction does not change the atomic make-up of the molecule involved?

Isomerization

An enzyme that catalyzes a reaction that adds a phosphate group to a molecule is called which of the following?

Kinase

When oxygen is present, glycolysis is followed by the ________ ________.

Krebs cycle, This cycle was named after Hans A. Krebs, who discovered it in 1937.

Which of the following does not accurately describe the citric acid cycle? Amphibolic Anabolic Catabolic Linear

Linear

Which atom is involved in glycolytic reactions to shield negative charges?

Magnesium

What class of enzyme is involved in transferring a functional group from one position on a molecule to another?

Mutase

What is the name of the molecule generated in the final step of the citric acid cycle and is also used in the first step?

Oxaloacetate

What type of metabolic reaction involves a loss of electrons from the molecule involved?

Oxidation

The coenzyme NAD/NADH is involved in which of the following types of reactions?

Oxidization & Reduction

What is not a possible anaerobic glycolytic product?

Oxygen

What is not one of the three major macromolecule components of food?

Oxygen

What molecule is Essential for aerobic respiration to take place?

Oxygen

Chemotrophs require _________ and produce _________ while phototrophs require _________ and produce _________.

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen.

The outer mitochondrial membrane is highly _________ while the inner membrane is _________.

Permeable, impermeable

. Which of the following is not an enzyme that composes the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex? Pyruvate dehydrogenase Phosphofructokinase Dihydrolipoyl decarboxylase Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase

Phosphofructokinase

What type of metabolic reaction involves the transfer of a phosphate group?

Phosphorylation

What is not a component of the chemotropic respiratory pathway?

Photosynthesis

Organisms that acquire energy through photosynthesis are called what?

Phototrophs

Which of the following is not generated during the citric acid cycle? GTP NADH Carbon dioxide Pyruvate

Pyruvate

Which of the following molecules does not freely cross the inner mitochondrial membrane? Oxygen Carbon dioxide Pyruvate Water

Pyruvate

Which stage in respiration produces the most coenzymes? Glycolysis The citric acid cycle The electron transport chain Oxidative phosphorylation

The citric acid cycle

Which of the three major stages of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

The electron transport chain and ATP synthase action produces 34 total ATP.

What is the name of the glycolytic enzyme that converts dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP)?

Triosphosphate isomerase

What molecule is produced when oxygen is reduced by the electrons in the electron transport chain?

Water, H2O

Which process, [anaerobic respiration] or [aerobic respiration], extracts more chemical energy from a glucose molecule?

aerobic respiration, Aerobic respiration releases enough energy to make 38 ATP. Anaerobic respiration only produces 2 ATP.

Respiration without oxygen is called ____________ respiration.

anaerobic, "Anaerobic" means "without oxygen." This process is also called "fermentation."

Organisms, such as plants, that make their own food are called __________.

autotrophs, producers, Plants undergo photosynthesis to make their own food.

Name one product of cellular respiration.

carbon dioxide, CO2, water, H2O, energy, ATP

What of the three major stages of aerobic cellular respiration involves the facilitated diffusion of hydrogen ions?

electron transport system, Hydrogen ions pass across the inner membrane of the mitochondrion through transport proteins called "ATP synthase."

allosteric enzymes

enzymes exist in active and inactive forms

Glycolysis literally means "________ ________." (2 words)

glucose breaking, Glycolysis breaks the 6-carbon glucose molecule in half, converting it into two 3-carbon pyruvic acid molecules.

Organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain energy from the foods they eat are called __________.

heterotrophs, consumers, Animals are heterotrophs because they must consume food to get energy.

What is the main cellular structure involved in respiration?

mitochondria

Where in an aerobic cell is NADH oxidized?

mitochondria

Photosynthesis is to the chloroplast as cellular respiration is to the __________.

mitochondrion, The mitochondrion houses respiration, just as the chloroplast houses photosynthesis.

Which cell structure is often called the "powerhouse of the cell" because of its involvement in the extraction of chemical energy from food?

mitochondrion, mitochondria, The mitochondrion is where food is converted to usable energy.

If a cell suddenly became incapable of producing enzymes, which of the following processes could still occur? (see below) -photosynthesis -Krebs cycle -osmosis -glycolysis

osmosis, Osmosis is the diffusion of water through the cell membrane, which does not involve an enzyme.

Which metabolic processes generates the most ATP?

oxidative phosphorylation

Energy is released from ATP when a ___________ is removed.

phosphate group, When the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate is broken, usable energy is released.

What is the end product of aerobic glycolysis?

pyruvate

What type of metabolic reaction involves a gain of electrons by the molecule involved?

reduction

Is ATP used for [long-term] or [short-term] energy storage?

short-term, The ATP molecule can be used immediately any time energy is needed in the cell.

True or False - Plants undergo cellular respiration.

true, Plants, like all living things, must break down food (glucose) and get the energy out.

How many times does the Krebs cycle "turn" for each molecule of glucose broken down by aerobic cellular respiration?

twice, Each "turn" of the Krebs cycle produces 3 carbon dioxides, 1 ATP, 3 NADHs, and 1 FADH2s