Unit 2 Progress Check: MCQ

Which of the following describes what happens when a neuron sends a signal? A) The neuron goes from being positively charged to briefly being negatively charged, and finally returns to being positively charged again. The magnitude of the negative charge is fixed regardless of the strength of the input signal it receives. B) The neuron goes from being negatively charged to briefly being positively charged, and finally returns to being negatively charged again. The magnitude of the negative charge is fixed regardless of the strength of the input signal it receives. C) The neuron goes from being negatively charged to briefly being positively charged, and finally returns to being negatively charged again. The magnitude of the positive charge varies depending on the strength of the input signal it receives. D) The neuron goes from being positively charged to briefly being negatively charged, and finally returns to being positively charged again. The magnitude of the negative charge varies depending on the strength of the input signal it receives. E) The neuron goes from being negatively charged to being positively charged, and then it remains at that level until it fires again. The magnitude of the positive charge varies depending on the strength of the input signal it receives.

B

A neuron sends a signal along its A) dendrite B) optic chiasm C) axon D) neurotransmitter E) nucleus

C

If a body does not have enough potassium, how might that affect neuronal firing? A) The neurons will fire too easily because there will not be enough negatively charged ions to maintain a negatively charged resting state. B) The neurons will fire too easily because there will not be enough positively charged ions to maintain a positively charged resting state. C) The neurons will struggle to fire because there will not be enough positively charged ions to trigger the firing of the neuron. D) The neurons will struggle to fire because there will not be enough negatively charged ions to trigger the firing of the neuron. E) The neurons will struggle to fire because potassium binds to receptors and inhibits neuronal firing.

C

At a synapse, neurotransmitters released by the sending neuron do which of the following? A) They combine with neurotransmitters released by the receiving neuron. B) They combine with neurotransmitters released by other sending neurons. C) They pass through channels into the receiving neuron. D) They bind to receptors at the receiving neuron, which opens ion channels. E) They bind to ions in the synapse, which creates a chemical reaction that causes the receiving neuron to fire.

D

Carl Wernicke discovered the region of the brain that is responsible for A) visual perception B) sense of balance C) memory consolidation D) language comprehension E) language production

D

The medulla oblongata is a part of the A) cerebellum B) prefrontal cortex C) occipital lobe D) brain stem E) corpus callosum

D

The phenomenon of declining physiological effects of taking a drug after sustained use is referred to as A) endorphin release B) withdrawal C) long-term potentiation D) tolerance E) a relapse

D

What effect do agonists have? A) They decrease the likelihood that a person will get a good night's sleep. B) They stimulate the gastric system, leading to increased hunger. C) They decrease the likelihood that a postsynaptic neuron will fire. D) They increase the likelihood that a postsynaptic neuron will fire. E) They lead to a decreased sex drive.

D

Michael Gazzaniga is best known for A) showing that cats can learn to escape puzzle boxes B) conditioning Little Albert to be fearful of rats C) studying attachment styles in children D) studying false memories E) studying split-brain patients

E

A drug that is used to treat seizures functions by preventing inhibitory neurotransmitters from returning to the presynaptic neuron. This slows the rate of neurons firing by increasing the amount of the inhibitory neurotransmitter in the synapse. The drug is most likely to be classified as a A) GABA reuptake inhibitor (GRI) B) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) C) hallucinogen D) stimulant E) beta blocker

A

The parietal lobe is most involved in A) processing sensory information B) storing information in long-term memory C) coordinating complex motor movements D) regulating emotions E) triggering the fight-or-flight response

A

Antagonists function by A) mimicking neurotransmitters that bind to neural receptors to cause neural firing B) blocking receptors to prevent other neurotransmitters from binding to the neural receptors C) prompting the production of neurotransmitters D) strengthening the connections between neurons E) raising the threshold at which the neuron will fire

B

The fatty casing that helps speed up the neural transmissions of a neuron is called the A) medulla B) myelin sheath C) cerebrum D) soma E) corpus callosum

B

The hormone most associated with the fight or flight response is A) oxytocin B) epinephrine C) testosterone D) estrogen E) dopamine

B

Waking up frequently, loud snoring, silent pauses in breathing, and sleepiness during the day are symptoms of A) somnambulism B) sleep apnea C) narcolepsy D) circadian rhythm sleep disorders E) insomnia

B

Which of the following best describes a major role of the thalamus? A) It regulates body temperature. B) It regulates hunger. C) It regulates the autonomic nervous system. D) It relays most sensory signals to the cortex. E) It relays olfactory signals to the cortex.

D

In a study mimicking Roger Sperry's work, Dr. Kornhauser compared the responses of split-brain patients against a control group of neurotypical participants. In his study, participants focused on a dot in the center of a computer screen and objects are presented in either the left or right visual field. After seeing the object, the participants named the object. The results of the experiment are presented below. The figure presents a bar graph with four bars of data. Two categories are listed on the horizontal axis: Split-brain and Control. A key indicates that both categories contain data for the left visual field and right visual field. The vertical axis is labeled, Accuracy, and the numbers 0 through 100, in increments of 10, are indicated. The data represented in the bar graph are as follows. Split Brain, Left Visual Field; Accuracy, 5. Split Brain, Right Visual Field; Accuracy, 90. Control, Left Visual Field; Accuracy, 90. Control, Right Visual Field; Accuracy, 90. What is the most appropriate conclusion Dr. Kornhauser can draw from the results? A) Split-brain patients cannot process objects using the right half of their brain and thus are not able to identify the objects in the right visual field. B) Split-brain patients have a much faster reaction time to objects in the right visual field due to having a more direct connection between the visual cortex and their language center. C) Because the connection between the left visual cortex and language center has been severed, split-brain patients are not able to retrieve the name of objects seen in the right visual field. D) Because the connection between the right visual cortex and language center has been severed, split-brain patients are not able to retrieve the name of objects seen in the left visual field. E) Because accuracy in the control group was low, the objects he used were likely too difficult for the participants.

D

Researchers trained monkeys to perform two tasks: an object-matching task and a location task. In the object-matching task, the monkeys are given an object and must choose a matching object from two objects placed in front of them. In the location task, an object is placed near one of two locations, and the monkeys must reach toward the location the object is closest to. Separating the monkeys into two groups, researchers created a lesion in one area of the brains of the monkeys in one group and a lesion in a different area of the brains of the monkeys in the second group. The researchers then tested the monkeys' performance on the two tasks. The figures below show the monkeys' accuracy on the two tasks. The figure presents a bar graph with four bars of data. Two categories are listed on the horizontal axis: Group 1 and Group 2. A key indicates that both categories contain data for object matching and location. The vertical axis is labeled, Accuracy, and the numbers 0 through 1.0, in increments of 0.2, are indicated. The data represented in the bar graph are as follows. Note that all values are approximate. Group 1, Object Matching; Accuracy, 0.95. Group 1, Location; Accuracy, 0.48. Group 2, Object Matching; Accuracy, 0.55. Group 2, Location; Accuracy, 0.90. The lesions were most likely performed in the A) frontal lobe for Group 1 and the occipital lobe for Group 2 B) occipital lobe for Group 1 and the frontal lobe for Group 2 C) temporal lobe for Group 1 and the parietal lobe for Group 2 D) occipital lobe for Group 1 and the parietal lobe for Group 2 E) parietal lobe for Group 1 and the temporal lobe for Group 2

E