Unit 2 Test AP Biology
Cell crawling is essential for all of the following EXCEPT
cytoskeleton reorganization.
The process by which a single pump transports a specific molecule while indirectly driving the movement of other molecules is called
coupled transport
Which of the following structures is the most inclusive?
nucleus
What is the relationship between the Golgi apparatus and the ribosome of eukaryotic cells?
A ribosome will build proteins and the Golgi apparatus will package those proteins for use in another part of the cell.
Why do plants wilt on a hot summer day?
Both loss of water and therefore lack of turgor pressure
Which statement is true of facilitated transport?
It is a type of passive transport.
Which type of cell would contain more mitochondria?
Cardiac cells
The group below consists of four choices followed by a list of numbered phrases. Select the choice that is most closely related. Each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. Mitochondria B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum C. Chloroplast D. Lysosome Converts CO2 and H2O to glucose
Chloroplast
The group below consists of four choices followed by a list of numbered phrases. Select the choice that is most closely related. Each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. Mitochondria B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum C. Chloroplast D. Lysosome Contains stacks called grana that are integral in photosynthesis.
Chloroplast
Which of the following are short cellular projections that act to move materials over tissue surfaces in eukaryotes?
Cilia
Which of the following examples is a specific case of active transport?
Cytoplasmic Na+ binds to the sodium-potassium pump, ATP is used, and Na+ is released to the outside.
Which evolutionary process is occurring in the fourth representation of the cell?
Endosymbiosis
The Greek root word, eukaryotic, means "true kernel." Why is eukaryotic an appropriate term to describe the complex cells in animals?
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.
After a protein is formed by a ribosome located on the endoplasmic reticulum, which organelle would the protein be transported to next?
Golgi apparatus
Which of the following gives rise to both lysosomes and vesicles?
Golgi apparatus
Which of the following observations could lead researchers to conclude that membrane proteins move laterally within the plasma membrane?
Human and mouse cells labeled with protein markers are fused, and the hybrid cell contains a mixing of proteins on the surface.
If a blood research laboratory is attempting to collect the content of human red blood cells, the researchers should use which of the following types of solutions to cause blood cell lysis (bursting)?
Hypoosmotic
Which of the following is the best definition of active transport?
It is the movement of a substance against its concentration gradient through the release of energy from ATP.
Which of the following is the best definition of diffusion?
It is the movement of molecules from an area of their higher concentration to an area of their lower concentration.
Schwann cells contain lipids that allow nerve impulses to travel faster. Which of the following organelles would be implicated in a lack of lipids around the Schwann cells?
Lysosomes
The group below consists of four choices followed by a list of numbered phrases. Select the choice that is most closely related. Each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. Mitochondria B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum C. Chloroplast D. Lysosome Productes ATP for cellular energy
Mitochondria
The endosymbiotic theory is supported by the finding of non-nuclear DNA in which of the following organelles?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
How does the function of the mitochondria in plant cells depend upon the function of chloroplasts?
Mitochondria are organelles that metabolize sugar to generate ATP; they get their sugar from the chloroplast, which uses light to produce ATP and sugars.
Which of the following is a characteristic of chloroplasts but not mitochondria?
Only chloroplasts have compartments of stacked membranes called grana.
One function of the liver is to detoxify alcohol. In this process, hydrogens are removed from alcohol and transferred to oxygen, creating hydrogen peroxide. Which organelle would be predicted to be abundant in liver cells?
Peroxisomes
Which of the following associations is correct?
Plasmodesmata: between adjacent plant cells to aid in exchange of cytoplasm
Which of the following statements is true about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells contain a nucleoid region instead of a nucleus.
Nuclear pores permit the passage of certain substances in particular directions. Choose the correct statement that describes the direction a substance passes through the nuclear membrane.
Proteins inward and outward, but RNA only outward
Which of the following is true regarding the transport of molecules?
Receptor-mediated endocytosis makes use of receptors and transports solids or liquids into the cell.
Given what is known about the minimal essential functions of cellular life, if you could create an artificial cell, which of the following structures must you include?
Ribosome
Which of the following organelles would be present in the liver for the detoxification of drugs and alcohol?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
A cell with numerous mitochondria would do which of the following?
Synthesize large amounts of ATP
Which of the following statements is true for the Golgi apparatus?
The Golgi apparatus adds short sugar chains to proteins and lipids.
A student has set up an experiment involving bags made of artificial plasma membranes ("cells"). These membranes are permeable to monosaccharides and water, but not to starch. In the experiment, the student has filled an artificial cell with a solution containing 90% water, 5% glucose, and 5% starch. The bag is then placed in a beaker of pure water and left for an hour. Predict the outcome.
The bag will get larger, due to the entrance of water (some glucose exits, but more water enters).
"Freezer burn" occurs when meat and other food stuffs are repeatedly thawed and refrozen. Each time the water in the cells freeze, long sharp crystals will damage the organelles of the cells. While frozen, virtually no chemical reactions occur in the cells. Which of the following statements explains the sour taste of "freezer-burned" food?
The lysosomes produce enzymes to break down the damaged organelles.
If a living plant were moved from a freshwater aquarium to a saltwater aquarium, which of the following would occur?
The plant's cells would lose water.
Two potato cubes (1 mm3 and 2 mm3) were placed in a solution of iodine. The absorption of iodine can be visualized by observing the purple color from the iodine and starch reaction. Why would the smaller (1 mm3) cube be completely purple in a shorter amount of time?
The surface area to volume ratio is larger and more iodine can be absorbed.
As a scientist you perform an experiment in which you create an artificial cell with a selectively permeable membrane through which only water can pass. You put a 5M solution of glucose into the cell and you place that into a beaker of water. What observations do you expect to see?
Water moves into the cell.
If you were a protein destined to reach the plasma membrane and you were making your way through the Golgi when suddenly Golgi trafficking was blocked at the trans face, what would happen to you?
You would be stuck in the Golgi.
All life forms currently have a basic cell membrane so we presume that the earliest forms of life had this "fence" isolating the internal organization from the external chaos. It is likely that the primordial environment was acidic. In such a case, the cell membrane would have to include
a proton (H+) pump to reject excess H+.
Schlieden and Schwann stated the "cell theory," which in its modern form includes all of the following postulates EXCEPT that
all cells need oxygen
The peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell wall contains a carbohydrate matrix linked together by short chains of
amino acids
Germinating seeds use stored lipids to produce energy for plant growth. Peroxisomes play a vital role in lipid synthesis. A researcher wants to determine the effect of a toxic chemical on the peroxisomes of a seed. The type of data most useful in answering this question would be the
amount of hydrogen peroxide produced.
A plant poison, colchicine, blocks the assembly of microtubules. What cellular function would be disrupted when a cell is exposed to colchicine?
cell division
Which of the following cells is most likely to contain projections called cilia?
cells lining the oviduct in animals
Which of the following organelles is generally only found in the cells of animal and most protists?
centrioles
All of the following are steps occurring at the sodium-potassium pump EXCEPT
cholesterol facilitates potassium ion binding to transport protein.
Cell-walled organisms cannot carry out
endocytosis
Cell products are secreted from the cell through
exocytosis
GABAA receptors play an essential role in neurotransmission in the central nervous system. In response to the appropriate signal, these receptors open up and allow Cl− to flow into the cell. Given this information, GABAA receptors can be classified as a
gated ion channel.
The springtail is a common small insect found in rotten logs, rich soil, and other humid places. Its cuticle is water repellant (hydrophobic) except for a strange organ, the collophore. The collophore remains in contact with water and functions in maintaining ion balance and secreting wastes. The cells in the collophore would probably contain high numbers of
golgi bodies
A phospholipid molecule has a polar and a nonpolar end. Because of this, water molecules form
hydrogen bonds with the polar end of the phospholipid molecule.
Freshwater protozoans react to a(n) _____ environment by removing water through _____.
hypotonic; a contractile vacuole
A particular problem that cells have is that information about protein shape and structure is trapped in the nucleus, while the machinery to produce the protein, a ribosome, is located outside of the nucleus. How is it possible for the DNA to communicate with the ribosome when they are physically separated from each other?
mRNA is made from the template of DNA in the nucleus, travels through the nuclear membrane, and is read by the ribosome as instructions on how to build the protein.
Having similar ____________ would allow tissues and organs to be transplanted easily.
major histocompatibility complex proteins
For the process of diffusion to occur, molecules must
move from areas of high concentration to areas of lesser concentration until an equilibrium is reached.
Pinocytosis occurs in the
nourishment of mammalian egg cells.
Cell-walled organisms cannot carry out
phagocytosis
Which of the following molecules is the primary component of the plasma membrane that causes it to be impermeable to specific molecules?
phospholipids
A student looks at a picture of a cell that his lab partner has drawn and observes the following organelles and structures: cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, chloroplast, and mitochondria. Which of the following type of cell has his lab partner drawn?
plant
In plants, cell-cell junctions can only occur at gaps in the cell walls through cytoplasmic connections that form across the plasma membranes of the touching cells. These junctions are called
plasmodesmata.
Large membranous sacs are more prevalent in plant cells and some protozoa than in animal cells. These sacs in plant cells might function in
supporting the cell
Tay-Sachs disease often affects children by progressively destroying cells in their brains due to the accumulation of a specific type of fat. This is due to the fact that
the lysosomes do not contain the appropriate enzyme to metabolize the fat.
In the lab, students observe that carrots placed in distilled water seem crunchy the next day. This can best be explained by the fact that the
water in the bowl enters the carrot cells overnight.
Plant cells placed in a hypotonic environment
will remain turgid, due to the elastic cell wall.