Unit 3 APUSH Part 3 Answers

Chapter 12 - Was America's essential foreign policy goal in the period 1812-1824 an essentially defensive one designed to protect its still-fragile republican experiment against the dangers from reactionary European great powers and to isolate itself from European quarrels? Or was it a more aggressive, expansionist policy designed to guarantee that the United States would be the dominant power in all of North America's, and possibly in Latin America as well?

America's foreign policy goal from 1812 to 1824 did lean toward allowing itself to expand its section of north american but it focused mainly on defending the republic another war with an old world country. It did also do its best to keep itself out of European quarrels.

Chapter 12 - How did American nationalism display itself in foreign policy, particularly in the Florida crisis and in American policy toward Europe and the Western Hemisphere?

American nationalism displayed itself in foreign policy by the fact that seemed to be a bit trigger happy and entitled. The Florida crisis original policy was really just going and getting people who had wronged us but because of Jackson wound up being a hostile, unauthorised attack on the Spanish territory. It really just made it look like we had poor control of our army. Toward Europe we were less jumpy. We made more of an effort not to anger anyone and even began to have a healthier relationship with England.

Chapter 11 - What was the essential idea behind Jefferson's imposition of the embargo? Was the plan for peaceful coercion of the European great powers simply fantastic from the start, or might it have actually succeeded as an alternative to war under somewhat different conditions?

Jefferson impositioned the embargo so that the French and British would learn that American ships deserved some respect. I believe that it might have succeeded as an alternative to war if we hadn't had so much illegal shipping and had the Americans not made such a loud fuss about it that british and french surely knew that American would need to back down before they would need to.

Chapter 14 - How did the American family change in the early nineteenth century? How did these changes especially affect the place of children within the family?

In the early nineteenth century the American families began to get smaller. With the smaller amount of children, parents were able to pay more attention to their children and show more affection. This made people from other countries view american children as brats and parents began to lean more towards "go to your room" instead of the belt.

Chapter 11 - What were the real causes of the War of 1812? Was the declaration of war a mistake, or the result of President Madison's genuine fear that the American republican experiment could fail?

It was believed that the british canadians were were supplying and encouraging indian efforts to keep the Americans in the east. Anger over the impressment of sailors and the British Orders of Council also helped to cause the war. The declaration of war was the result of President Madison's genuine fear that the American republican experiment could fail. Their inability to trade was crippling the nation so war was not optional.

Chapter 12 - How did John Marshall's Supreme Court reflect the nationalistic spirit of the 1810s-1820s? In what ways did Marshall's conservative determination to uphold and expand the power of the federal government run contrary to the general American political direction of the time?

John Marshall's court reflect the nationalistic spirit of the 1820s - 1820s by continually making ruling that helped to strengthen the government and keep the government in people's good favors. John Marshall expanded the power of the federal government in both of the major court cases that occurred during this time, McCulloch v. Virginia and Gibbons v. Ogden. The general American political direct was to give the state's most there rights and this was very well upheld by Monroe especially over the issues involving roads and canals but Marshall managed to go against this.

Chapter 15 - What were the greatest successes and failures of the many American reform movements of the early nineteenth century? Why did most of the reformers, and their reforms, address the ideals and goals of religious, middle-class Americans, while largely overlooking the growing problems of factory workers and cities?

One of the successful American reform movements was movement to treat the mentally ill better, headed by Dorothea Dix. The Maine Law of 1851 and the following laws in other northern states proved to be quite a failure and bit of a set back in the temperance movement. The middle class had the luxury of being able to be reforms. They had the time and the money go travel and attend meetings. A factory worker couldn't go join a reform. The middle-class and well off Americans who led the reforms had no knowledge of how bad factories workers had it and had no reason be interested in the problems of the cities.

Chapter 13 - Compare the two-party political system of the 1830s' New Democracy with the first two-party system of the early Republic (see Chapter 10). In what ways were the two systems similar, and in what ways were they different? Were both parties of the 1830s correct in seeing themselves as heirs of the Jeffersonian Republican tradition rather than the Hamiltonian Federalist tradition?

In the two party system of the early Republic the parties weren't very different. At their cores they had the same goals for the country. The system of the 1830s differences stemmed mainly off of national unity. Both parties of the 1830s were right to see themselves more as heirs of the Jeffersonian Republican traditions as opposed to the Hamiltonian Federalist tradition because they both promoted mass democracy. They both encouraged the average man to vote.

Chapter 13 - How did Jackson's Bank War demonstrate the power of a modern mass democratic political machine and its propaganda? Was Biddle's Bank a real threat to the economic welfare of the less affluent citizens whom Jackson represented, or was it more important as a symbol of eastern wealth and elitism?

Jackson's Bank War demonstrated the power of the modern mass democratic political machine of time because it started with him pulling rank pretty much. He was really the first president to put himself above the vote of congress and veto something because he believed it wasn't what was right for the country. Biddle's Bank surely wasn't helpful to the economic welfare of the people whom Jackson represented. The bank really embodied eastern wealth and elitism and so it was designed to help them. When the bank was originally chartered Hamilton wanted to get the rich people behind the government and he did it by giving them a money making venture in the government. It was always designed for the rich people, not the poor.

Chapter 13 - How did the Panic of 1837 and the subsequent depression reflect the weaknesses of Jackson's economic and financial policies? Why was Martin Van Buren unable to outmaneuver the Whig political opposition as Jackson had?

Jackson's economic and financial policies left the banks to be inconsistent and do just about whatever they wanted. Van Buren couldn't outmaneuver the Whigs as Jackson had because he was too busy trying to clean up Jackson's messes to be able to duck an attack. ALso his sticking with many of Jackson's policies such as staying out the economy was clearly not working, hence the depression.

Chapter 11 - What were the political and economic consequences of the Louisiana Purchase?

A political consequence of the Louisiana Purchase was that it left Jefferson very torn due its unconstitutionality. Another political consequence was that they no longer really had to worry about going to war with a European state over land disputes or the right of deposit in New Orleans. Economically they got a bargain on the land, they can now go through New Orleans with no worried, and they have all this land to go farm and make money on.

Chapter 12 - Why did the issue of admitting Missouri to the Union precipitate a major national crisis? Why did the North and South each agree to the terms of the Missouri Compromise?

Admitting Missouri to the Union caused a national crisis because Missouri wanted to be able to have slaves but the federal government was not a fan of that idea. The south was okay with the term of the Missouri Compromise because it got Missouri as a unrestricted slave state. The north was happy because the congress could forbid slavery in other territories and the large amount of land about the line was completely closed to slavery.

Chapter 12 - What were the most important signs of the new American nationalism that developed in the period 1815-1824?

American truly became one nation as opposed to somewhat separated states. There was a push to purchase good manufactured in America due to the protective tariff congress put in place in 1816. The American System was important. The call for better roads in described as the most sticking aspect of nationalism in the book.

Chapter 13 - Why was Andrew Jackson such a personally powerful embodiment of the new mass democracy in the 1820s and 1830s? Would mass democracy have developed without a popular hero like Jackson?

Andrew Jackson's was a powerful embodiment of the new mass democracy of the 1820s and 1830s because he came from the west and he was not born into money but had to build his own fortune. With most of the settlement powers of the 1820s and 1830s, I do not believe that mass democracy would have developed without a hero such as Jackson. Jackson helped to bring the problems with the limited democracy to the attention of the average person. If that attention had new been brought, what reason would it have had to occur to the average person that maybe I should take away from my schedule to go vote and see the flaws in the current system.

Chapter 11 - Thomas Jefferson prided himself on the principles of democracy, local self-rule, and limited government. How effectively did he and his friend and successor Madison transform those principles into policy. Could it be argued that Jefferson ironically laid the foundations for an imperial United States and a powerful federal government?

During Jefferson's and Madison's terms as president they didn't do a lot that infringed on the rights of the states, but they still did some. So i would say they did a subpar job of sticking with those principles. Jefferson laid the foundation for an imperial United States and a powerful federal government by purchasing Louisiana and his Embargo Act required the government to have enough strength to uphold something that the citizens hated and didn't want to listen to.

Chapter 11 - Which event had the greatest impact on American society in the early decades of the nineteenth century: Jefferson's Republican party victory in the Revolution of 1800, the Louisiana Purchase, or the defeat of Tecumseh's Indian confederacy—the last major effort to unite all American Indians in opposition to U.S. expansion. Explain your answer.

The Louisiana Purchase had the greatest impact on American society in the early decades of the nineteenth-century. This is because it was the start of what most likely looked to the British as us moving toward allying with france. It also doubled the size of the country which helped to strengthen the Jeffersonians hold of the executive branch. It also led to what caused tecumseh's Indians confederacy which played a large role in causing the War of 1812.

Chapter 12 - Was the Monroe Doctrine fundamentally consistent with the isolationist principles established by George Washington in his Neutrality Proclamation and Farewell Address (see Chapter 10)?

The Monroe Doctrine was not consistent with George Washington's Neutrality Proclamation and Farewell Address. While primarily a self-defence thing it did offer the republics of latin america help if the old powers came after them.

Chapter 15 - Why were almost all the religious, social, and intellectual movements of the early nineteenth century so positive and optimistic about human nature and society? Was their goal of uplifting or even perfecting human character inspiring or naïve? Why did a few more critical writers like Hawthorne, Poe, and Melville dissent from this optimistic vision?

Most of the movement of the early nineteenth century were optimistic about human nature because the time was full of hope and opportunity so it spread to the movements. If things weren't going good come join my religion. The understanding the slavery was wrong and the convenience of slaves was no longer a good enough reason to have them came to light because a lot of people didn't feel the convenience of them. The goal of perfecting human character is naive. Writers like Hawthorne, Poe, and Melville went another direction because despite the hopeful air of the time they were in a hopeless place full of death for most of their lives. They served to represent the feeling of the factory working class.

Chapter 13 - Was the growing hoopla of American politics reflected in the "log cabin and hard cider" campaign of 1840 a violation of the republican virtue upheld by the Founders or an inevitable and even healthy reflection of the public's engagement with politics once it was opened up to the great mass of people?

The "log cabin and hard cider" campaign really happened because you needed to get the common man to vote and now the common man could really vote. The founding father would probably have hated the campaign technique, and it probably would have failed relatively badly but to the common man a party with some drinks and guy like me to vote for is all i need.

Chapter 15 - Why did the Second Great Awakening inspire so many new American religions and sects like Mormonism, Adventism, the Shakers, and others? In what ways were these religions an expression of general American ideals of democracy, individualism, and opportunity? In what ways were they dissenting from the general norms of nineteenth-century American religion and American life?

The Second Great Awakening brought the traveling preachers who each preached a different thing which helped to diversify religion. The added land helped to diversify the kind of people in the country which gave them different needs that religion needed to fill. The new religions developed as America was being over taken by mass democracy, and the ideals of individualism and opportunity. As they developed they had to be able to stick with the people of the country. The new religions dissented from the general norms of nineteenth-century American life by advocating for rights of women and preaching against drinking and other common sins of the day.

Chapter 13 - Argue for or against: the Texas Revolution against Mexico was more about the expansion of slavery into the West than about the rights of Anglo-American settlers in Texas.

The Texas Revolution was more about the right Anglo-American settler in Texas. They wanted the right to have slaves and were told no and that is something that is fairly common to fight for. The fact the Texas came into America as a slave state was more from the fact that they needed some large country to be apart and it clearly didn't work out with mexico.

Chapter 11 - How did the conflict between Federalists and Republicans over the judiciary lead to a balance of power among political interests and different branches of government? Is it accurate to say that the Federalist Party continued to shape America for decades through the agency of John Marshall's Supreme Court?

The conflicts between the Federalists and Republicans over the judiciary led to a better balance among political interest by showing how the different branches of the government, that were very separated in party beliefs, had the ability to balance each other out. It led to the court cases that showed the balances. Because of John Marshall the federalist party was able to help shape the government for years. His rulings allowed their beliefs to continue past the parties dissolvement.

Chapter 13 - What did the two new democratic parties, the Democrats and the Whigs, really stand for? Were they actual ideological opponents, or were their disagreements less important than their shared roots and commitment to America's new mass democracy?

The democrats stood for taking the privilege out of government. They were the states rights and keeping the government out of the social and economic side of the country. (strict) The Whigs were big on the country being a harmonious union and wanted to keep leaders who made decisions based on self-interest out. They also wanted a new national bank, protective tariffs, roads, canals, public schools, and moral reforms. (loose) The two parties did really have major differences from each other while both played very much on mass democracy.

Chapter 15 - What were the motivations and goals of the first American feminists? Why did their movement spark such fierce opposition, including from some women themselves? Why was feminism generally less successful than abolitionism before the Civil War?

The goals of the first American feminists was really just for women to be let out of the house. This led to wanting the vote, not be a child legally, and the ability to get college education. This caused so much opposition because that's a big change to make and a lot of women liked their place in the home. Feminism was less successful than abolitionism before the Civil War because abolitionism was really just a more important issue. It was able to be fought in congress and everything and feminist issues because there's no women there.

Chapter 14 - Should the rise of early American industry and the market revolution be seen as an expression of American popular democracy and the rise of mass politics (see Chapter 13), or was the Jacksonian movement toward democracy and equality in part a response to the threat that expanding capitalism posed to those core American values?

The rise of early American industry was the threat of expanding capitalism taking hold over core American values. American industry lessened a lot of popular democracy. It was the opposite really. It allowed the rich to get richer and the poor to get poorer and be treated worse. Business owners didn't like public education or suffrage but once voting opened up then they were pro-public education because you don't want stupid people voting. Only the rich people could have the factors and they want the cheapest labor possible. They are really profit driver slaves. This led the common man to be treated lesser than the richer man in a more dramatic way.

Chapter 14 - In America, early industrialization, westward expansion, and growing sectional tension all occurred during the first half of the nineteenth century. How were these three developments connected? Which section of the nation gained the most from the transportation and communications revolutions of the period, and which gained least?

The industrialization gave the north power over the west and south because it supplied them with goods. Westward expansion meant that more big farming was going on so the west was providing the south with food (for its slaves) and the north. This led to the sectional tension. The south provided the north with cotton but it didn't use that much of it so a lot of it went to Europe. This left the south at a disadvantage with the regional tension. The west gained the most from transportation and communication revolutions. A lot of the transportation was for the purpose of getting crops from the west to the south and the east as fast and cheaply as possible. The south gained the least. The north gained the ability to make cheaper goods from the cheaper transportation. The south got a little bit of cheaper food for their slaves? Crops go west, stuff from factories and people for east. Roads allows for the whole thing to go down.

Chapter 15 - What inspired the many utopian communities of the early nineteenth century? What issues or problems did various utopias attempt to address? Should the utopias be viewed as failures because most did not last long or attain the perfection they sought? Or should they be seen as natural, intense outgrowths of America's own utopian ideals of liberty, equality, and democracy?

The inspiration for many utopian communities of the early nineteenth century was just human betterment. Many of the utopias simply attempted to address issues were swept under the rug in average society. I would view the utopias as failures because they didn't last and I'm fairly certain they weren't perfect.

Chapter 12 - Was the largely failed American military effort in the War of 1812 primarily a result of a flawed military strategy or of the deep political divisions and disagreements about the purposes of the war?

The largely failed American military effort in the War of 1812 was primarily the result of a flawed military strategy. The military was so extremely weak due to policies put in place by Jefferson the our ability to protect ourselves relied greatly on untrained militias as we had in the revolutionary war. The generals were the same guys that were in charge in the revolutionary war and i mean you gotta retire sometime and they weren't doing it.

Chapter 15 - What were the major concerns of America's greatest imaginative writers in the early nineteenth century? How did most of those writers fundamentally reflect the deepest values of American culture? Would you agree that the transcendentalism of Ralph Waldo Emerson and others was an especially American philosophy?

The major concern of America's writers of the early nineteenth century was that being able to be successful in Europe as well as in America. These writers reflected American culture by writing traditional american tales, stories of the revolution, and stories that included struggles with the native americans. I would agree that the transcendentalism of Ralph Waldo Emerson and other transcendentalists was an especially American philosophy.

Chatper 14 - How did the migration into a vast western frontier shape Americans' values and society in the period 1790-1860?

The migration west brought on the like american spirit. The self-reliant, nature conscious but also not, our nature is better than your natural american spirit.

Chapter 14 - What was the impact of the new economic developments on the role of women in society? Which women were most affected by early industrialization and which least?

The new economic developments led to more women working before marriage. Women made a monopoly on teaching and nursing. Poor, unmarried women were affected the most by the early industrialization because they were who need the money from working most. Women in the upper classes were least affected because up till marriage your parents can take care of you and then your husband will.

Chapter 11 - Is the phrase "Revolution of 1800" really justified when applied to Jefferson's victory over Adams in the election of that year? Did Jefferson's general moderation once in office reflect a loss of his more radical republican convictions, or simply a practical adjustment to the realities of presidential leadership?

The phrase fits in the way that the political party in power had shifted; however, a revolution usually entailed a bloody fight, so I believe that the phrase is not really justified but simply a way to to add pomp to the event and more pride to the Jeffersonians. Jefferson's general moderation in office was simply a practical adjustment to the realities of presidential leadership. If he had acted on all of radical republican convictions there is a good chance that many of the well functioning systems would have fallen apart. There was no choice but the mellow out his beliefs some.

Chapter 14 - Since all white Americans were descended from European immigrants, what made the Irish and German immigration of the 1830s and 1840s so controversial. Was the crucial factor in fueling nativist hostility really religion (that is, Catholicism) and poverty rather than immigration itself?

The problem with the Irish and the Germans was that they were catholic, they drank a lot, and they took factory jobs. The big problem was the religion and the poverty and not the immigration the immigration actually was really good for the country.

Chapter 13 - Why did Calhoun and the South see the Tariff of 1828 as such an abomination and raise threats of nullification over it?

The south raised threats over the Tariff of 1828 because they were having financial trouble and now prices of their manufactured goods were going up because of the tariff. The tariff protected the manufacturing of the north and the farming of the west and south west because it was helping to get their crop manufactured. the south was left out in the cold by this tariff. The prices of manufactured goods from America was high because the industry was just figuring out how to work and the tariffs entire goal was to get the European goods to be more expensive than the American goods.

Chapter 12 - How did the divisive, demoralizing, and inconclusive War of 1812 nevertheless produce a dramatic outburst of American patriotism and nationalism in its aftermath?

The successes that did occur during the War of 1812, such as the Battle of New Orleans, brought a lot of national pride to the American despite the overall demoralizing effect of the war.

Chapter 12 - What part did the growing expansion into the West play in such crucial issues of the period as the tariff, internal improvements, and the controversy over slavery?

The tariff helped to protect the american industries that were making manufactured goods that were being grow in the west and so the tariff also protected westward expansion. The west caused a lot of the need for internal improvement such as roads and canals. They allowed for western goods to get to the east much faster and cheaper than were able to prior to the making to better roads thus making the price of the goods fall. Westward expansion caused a lot of the controversy over slavery. Missouri caused issues over slavery to come to the forefront of national concerns and as new western states joined similar but not nearly as big of issues occurred as well.

Chapter 14 - What were the effects of the new factory and corporate systems of production on early industrial workers. Why were Americans relatively slow to move from their traditional agricultural and craft forms of production to industrial factory manufacturing?

The workers, of course, began with terrible conditions. They didn't have any laws over the matter because it had never even happened before. As time went on, it got better because people realized what was right. Americans were slow to move to the factory system because the country didn't have the capital to start an industry and British factories stamped out in infant industries. The traditional agricultural was easier for a lot of people because land was cheap and who wanted to go be in a smelly factory with poor wages.

Chapter 11 - Argue for and against: the Louisiana Purchase made possible both the success of nineteenth-century American democracy as well as America's dangerous conviction that it could turn inward in isolation from the world.

While the Louisiana Purchase made it possible for the success of the nineteenth- century American democracy in the way that it allowed it to grow past its original borders which allowed more people to get property and helped to make people politically equal. More average people are able to vote which helps to lessen the requirements to vote. It also made new holes in American democracy such as the way we treated the Native Americans. The imposing of American democracy on new cultures that we run into. The new expanse of land allowed America the opportunity to be able to provide itself with many of the items that it had to look outwardly for prior to. While self sustainability is good, we were a trading country and loss of the trade means loss of a lot of the federal government's revenue. If a country with no allies (no entangling alliances) turns inward in isolation from the world it could what friends it had through trade and then what's keeping anyone from attacking us.

Chapter 12 -Did the dramatic crisis over slavery in the Missouri Territory reveal the underlying weakness of American nationalism in 1819-1820, or did the resulting Missouri Compromise essentially demonstrate nationalistic Americans' strong desire to maintain national unity?

While the initial conflict caused by Missouri did show a decent amount of weakness in American nationalism, the Missouri Compromise demonstrated that both the north and the south were willing to make concessions for the sake of national unity.