Unit 4 Apes

Industrial logging threatens many forested ecosystems. Which of the following environmental consequences will likely result from clear cutting deciduous forests for timber materials?

Moe carbon dioxide will remain in the atmosphere and increase anthropogenic climate change

TABLE- Coal Ten years after planting, information was collected at the five sites and is given in the table below. Select the letter of the row that indicates the site with the most successful forest reclamation.

E

One of the reasons for cutting trees is to provide the pulp for making paper. However, paper can be made from all of the following EXCEPT

animal fats

Large terrestrial areas with similar characteristics are called

biomes

Trees of the tropical rain forest are characterized by leaves that are

broadleaf evergreen

The United Nations and conservationists around the world are using a design inwhich an inner core of a reserve is surrounded by two protective areas. This design is known as

buffer zone concept

Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?

carbon monoxide

Which of the following is a big disadvantage to living in a chaparral region?

fire hazard

Tropical deforestation results from all of the following EXCEPT

government taxes on timber harvesting

Which of the following biomes is maintained by occasional fires?

grasslands

Typically, large urban centers are a few degrees warmer than the surrounding suburbs. This is an example of

microclimate

The rainshadow effect refers to

moister conditions on the windward side of mountain ranges

The world's largest system of private natural areas and wildlife sanctuaries has been created by

nature conservancy

Which of the following is NOT a part of the degradation of forests by human activities?

overgrazing by livestock

The image above shows a 100 ml sample of water being poured though a soil sample. After the water has passed through the soil, 98 ml of water is measured in the collection tray below the sample. Which of the following properties of the soil sample most influences the flow of water though the sample?

permeaility

Some plants, such as poplars, can absorb toxic organic chemicals and break them down into less harmful compounds. This is known as

phytoremediation

The primary limiting factor in the rain forest is

soil nutrients

Which of the following s the main source of energy driving the circulation pattern labeled "C" in the diagram?

solar radiation

If the gray wolf is removed from the endangered species list

states are likely to reinstitute wolf hunting programs`

Which of the following does alpine tundra receive in larger amounts than Arctic tundra?

sunlight

If you are walking through a forest dense with oak and hickory trees, and thick with leaf litter underfoot, you would assume you are in a

temperate deciduous forest

Which type of desert would have high daytime temperatures in summer, low temperatures in winter, and moderate precipitation?

temperate deserts

The concept of heat island refers to...

the idea that cities tend to be warmer than surrounding rural areas

The term greenhouse effect describes

the trapping of heat energy by molecules in the atmosphere

Which of the following is NOT true of surface fires?

they increase soil erosion

Four of the following are important ecological services provided by forests; one is not. Choose the one that is not.

they release atmospheric carbon

This biome contains plants that are adapted to prevent water loss due to the low average rainfall and high temperatures all year round

tropical desert

This biome is warm and wet, with little seasonal variation in temperature and frequent precipitation.

tropical rain forest

Which of the following DOES NOT belong with the others?

tropical rain forestes

"Treeless, bitterly cold most of the year,winters are long and dark, low-growing plants, permafrost" are the characteristic which of the following?

tundra

Thick spongy mats of low-growing plants area typical of the

tundra

The heat island effect can be counteracted by all of the following ways EXCEPT...

using dark paint and building materials

Most deserts on Earth are located near the 30* north and 30* south latitudes because humidity is lower at 30*. The best explanation for lower humidity is that..

warm air rises at the equator, cools, and sinks at 30* latitude

Vegetation improves the quality of life in urban areas by all of the following ways EXCEPT...

warming the air

Which of the following is a local area's short-term temperature, precipitation and humidity?

weather

All of the following would result in an area that was recently clear-cut EXCEPT

an increase in biodiveristy

An old-growth forest would be defined as

an uncut or regenerated primary forest undisturbed for several hundred years

graph At which time after clear-cutting does the ecosystem exhibit the greatest species richness?

100 yrs

How much of the world's population depends on mountain systems for all of some of their water?

59 percent

Which of the following statements is FALSE? Wildlife and mature trees are relatively unharmed by surface fires Surface fires burn away flammable ground material, helping to prevent destructive fires Frequent surface fires increase the chance of a severe crown fire Surface fires may benefit some plant species and game animalsSurface fires release minerals locked up in vegetation

:Frequent surface fires increase the chance of a severe crown fire

Which of the lettered choices in the soil profile above represents the region with the greatest concentration of organic material?

A

If an area was originally forested and then underwent urban development, which of the following shows the most likely effects on various parts of the water cycle?

A decreased evaporation increased runoff decreased groundwater charge

Which environment is likely characterized by slow recovery and regeneration times due to the extremely short warming period and growing season?

A hardly rain rain in summer

Fragmentation of tropical forests due to human activities is leading to a significant loss of biodiversity in this area.

B southern africa

Which environment is characterized by a high diversity of tree species?

B TRF most rainfall

Which environment is most likely to be characterized by dry scrub with frequent fires?

C one where it is a U no rain in the summer time. rain beginning and end of yr

Which of the followoing is NOT true of boreal forests?

Contains less than 10,000 plant and animal species

TABLE Based on the data in the table above, which of the following samples would be the most prone to becoming waterlogged?

D

Which climate graph most likely represents the biome in which we live?

D the one with the second greatest amount of rainfall

Which of the following would be the most likely effect of acid deposition on a northern forest?

Decreased ability of trees to withstand cold weather

Which of the following about temperate deciduous forests is FALSE?

They have nutrient-poor soil

The image above shows a 100 ml sample of water being poured though a soil sample. After the water has passed through the soil, 98 ml of water is measured in the collection tray below the sample. From the table below, which is the most likely composition of the soil sample?

E 10 10 80-sand

Which latitude shown on the diagram experiences 24 hours of daylight on December 21?

E antartic circle

Which of the following changes to the local hydrologic cycle will result if large areas of land experience clear cutting?

Evaporation of water from the soil will increase

Which of the following would most likely result from the deforestation of large areas of tropical rain forests caused by slash-and-burn agriculture?

Increased global temperature because of the release of CO2 (carbon dioxide)

Which of the following scenarios is NOT likely to result from increased temperatures in the Arctic?

Increased melting of sea ice lowers sea level and leads to more arable land area that can be farmed

Which of the following best describes an environmental advantage of urbanization?

Individuals living in cities usually have a lower transportation carbon footprint than individuals living in rural areas

The demand for fuelwood is a major factor in the degradation of forests. Which of the following is NOT true about the use of wood for cooking and heating?

It is heavily sold on the black market

As part of a school project, a group of high school students will attempt to determine whether increasing the species diversity of the edible plants in pastures used for grazing livestock will provide an economic benefit to ranchers. Which of the following hypotheses, if supported by experimental results, best demonstrates an economic benefit to the ranchers?

Pastures with the highest diversity of plant species will have the highest net primary productivity

Which of the following is NOT true of prairies?

Prairies are typical of the coastal regions of continents

Which of the following correctly describes the disruption of an ecosystem service by an anthropogenic activity?

Provisioning services are disrupted by increased combustion of fossil fuels, which leads to an increase in air pollution.

Red pine trees are currently found growing in only the cool northernmost areas of the central and eastern United States. Climate change is expected to have an impact on the distribution of the species. Which of the following describes the most likely change to the distribution of red pine trees over the next 200 years?

Red pine distribution will shift northward in to Canada.

The great grasslands of the world have which of the following primary characteristics in common?

Seasonal cycles of temperature and precipitation produce abundant vegetative growth

table Which of the following best describes why the engineer chose to calculate the permeability of the soil sample in the experimental design in order to evaluate a natural containment system to protect groundwater?

Soils that have low permeability would best help protect groundwater because the soil traps pollutants so that chemical and biological breakdown can occur.

Which of the following would be an example of the restoration of disturbed lands?

Taking an area that has been destroyed and replanting it to return it to a condition as similar as possible to its natural state.

Which of the following correctly describes the season and length of day at the Tropic of Cancer at the time of year shown in the diagram?

The Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun so it is winter at the Tropic of Cancer and daylight is less than twelve hours per day.

If the diagram illustrates Earth's relative position on December 21 of any given year, which of the following statements would be correct?

The Tropic of Cancer has a shorter day and a lower solar radiation intensity because there is a direct relationship between day length and radiation intensity.

diagram Which of the following areas receives the most intense solar radiation at the time of year shown in the diagram, and why?

The Tropic of Capricorn, because this latitude is nearly horizontal to incoming solar radiation.

Which of the following best explains why City B regularly receives less precipitation than City A?

The rain shadow effect causes City B to be drier because the mountain blocks precipitation from reaching the city.

Which of the following does NOT exert a major influence on Earth's overall climate?

The seasonal development of temperature inversions in geographical basins

Which of the following is a characteristic of tropical rain forests?

Their soils are relatively poor in nutrients

Which of the following is NOT true of tree plantations?

They are highly biodiverse

Four of the following are true about forests; one is not. Choose the one that is not.

They are home to one-half of the world's people

Four of the following are problems with tree plantations; one is not. Choose the one that is not.

They are more sustainable than old-growth or second-growth forests

Which of the following is NOT true about mountains?

They contain a minority of the world's forests

Recent studies show that the decline of some tree populations in the northeastern United States is due to a combination of factors. Which of the following is the most important factor?

Toxic metals freed by acid deposition

Which of the following explains the variable that would be the best for students to measure to determine the direct impact of soil erosion caused by the construction project on the river?

Turbidity, because a decrease in water clarity would indicate an increase in soil erosion.

A student group is involved in a restoration study of a nearby disturbed area. They decide to collect six soil samples and analyze them for carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Two of the samples are found to be very high in C and N, but the other four samples are low in both. The students also notice that the color of the two soils samples that are high in C and N is very dark. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the data?

Two of the samples were collected from the A horizon, and the others were collected from the B horizon

Which of the following causes the air to rise high in the atmosphere in the areas labeled A, B, and C in the diagram?

Warm moist air that is less dense than surrounding air

Brown pelicans are fish-eating birds. As a result of an El Nino event, the population of brown pelicans in southern California declines. Which of the following best explains the relationship between the El Nino event and the population decline?

Warmer ocean temperatures can cause fish to move to colder water farther from pelican nesting sites

Which of the following statements about the earth's winds is NOT true?

Wind increases global warming gases

An area that is especially rich in plant species that are found nowhere else and are in great danger of extinction is known as

a biodiversity hotspot

Students want to determine the impact of soil erosion from the development of new housing. They plan to measure the density of a species of algae growing along the bottom of a river that flows through their town. The town is built in a heavily forested area, but a large area of trees along the river was recently clear-cut to allow for the construction of a new housing development, which has caused exposed soil to wash into the river. The river flows north to south through the town and is still forested both up- and downstream of the town. Which of the following would be the best control sample for the study?

a sample of water collected just downstream of the northern forest

Urban life can harm human health through increased....

a.exposure to air and noise pollution b.chance of stress and physical injury c.exposure to disease d.All of these answers are true D

Which of the following is NOT a major problem for US public parks?

agricultural runoff

The largest old-growth forest in the United States is located in

alaska

World Map.png Large quantities of methane hydrates are located in this region, and if released will contribute significantly to global climate change.

alaska D

Urban open space can be created by...

all of the above

Which of the following can be used to reduce tropical deforestation?

all of these answers

This ecosystem is characterized by long, hot summers and moderate moist winters. It supports many small mammals, and most vegetation germinates after a period exposed to a fire. It is mostly found along coastal areas such as the Pacific coast of North America, southern Texas and Mexico, and the coastal hills of Chile and the Mediterranean.

chapperal

Which of the following is the correct order of soil particles in order of increasing size?

clay--silt--sand

A farmer ina developing nation will try to put the maximum amount of crops on his land. This farmer would most likely use which method of tree cutting?

clear cutting

The Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003, passed by Congress under pressure from timber lobbyists, allows timber companies to do all of the following EXCEPT

clear-cut old growth trees

Which of the following is a commercially used method for harvesting trees and is most likely to lead to a fragmented landscape with serious impacts on biodiversity?

clear-cutting

The MOST important factor in determining which biome is found in a particular area is

climate

Which of the following is a "superpower of biodiversity" with an estimated 500,000 plant and animal species?

costa rica

Fire suppression, which allows dead wood, leaves and other flammable ground litter to accumulate, can result in

crown fire

Which of the following is true of selective cutting?

cuts intermediate aged or mature trees singly or in groups

Surface oceanic circulation results most directly in the

distribution of heat from tropical to temperate and polar regions

What can you do to help sustain terrestrial biodiversity? All of the following are things each of us can do, EXCEPT

do not plant your yard with local plants

Where does the largest input of solar energy occur?

equator

In Mediterranean climate regions, like the chaparral in California, a wetter than normal winter often leads to greater severity of fires the following summer. This seeming paradox occurs because increased rain leads to..

greater accumulation of chaparral biomass

The project started by Wangari Maathai in Kenya to replant native trees to decrease soil erosion and improve the quality of lives by providing renewable fuelwood sources is known as the

green belt movement

Mature temperate deciduous forests _____ than tropical rain forests

have more ground level plant life

Desert soils take hundreds of years to recover from disturbances because of all of the following EXCEPT

high soil bacteria activity

Which of the following is the biggest problem for US national parks today?

huge number of park visitors

The Amazon Basin, in South America, is the world's largest tropical rainforest. Forest cover in the "Arc of Deforestation" in the southern region of the basin is rapidly decreasing due to logging and conversion of forests to agricultural land. Scientists estimate that if this trend continues it will reduce the forest coverage to only 20% of its original size by the year 2016. The loss of forested land would most likely

increase the amount of total atmospheric carbon dioxide

One effect of our overgrazing of the natural rangelands is

increased soil erosion

Overgrazing occurs when too many animals graze for too long and exceed the carrying capacity of a rangeland area. Overgrazing causes all of the following EXCEPT

increased water retention

Controlling or reducing the harmful impacts of tree diseases and insect pests on forests can be accomplished by all of the following EXCEPT

introducing nonnative (invasive) predators for the insects

Which of the following best illustrates a food chain found in a tundra ecosystem?

lichen -> lemming -> fox -> wolf

The presence of which of the following in soil is most likely to neutralize acid rain?

limestone

Most of the nutrients in the tropical rain forest are found in the

living organisms

Which of the following would NOT be true of a tropical rain forest?

low primary productivity

Scientists expect human-enhanced global warming to do all of the following EXCEPT

lower sea levels

Which of the following actions would be most likely to increase the protection of ecological systems like national forests?

mandate that the government sale of logging rights in national forests be at fair market value

Problems with US infrastructure include all of the following EXCEPT...

marble statues being dissolved and marred by acid rain

The Sun's radiation provides the energy for all of the following EXCEPT:

plate techtonics

Removing all tree cover from a watershed greatly increases water runoff and loss of soil nutrients. This in turn increases soil erosion, causing more vegetation to die, leaving barren ground, which erodes more easily. This cycle is known as a(n)

postive feedback loop

Which of the following is the primary limiting factor that controls the vegetative character of a biome?

precipitation

Unfenced grasslands in tropical and temperate climates that supply forage for grazing animals are called

rangelands

Which of the following would be categorized as a cultural ecosystem service of forests?

recreation

All of these environmental impacts can arise from urban sprawl except....

reduced noise pollution

Which of the following is NOT a method of grassland restoration?

removal of native grasses to reduce growth

Prevailing winds are the result of what?

rotation of the earth on its axis

The largest area of old-growth forest in the world is in

rusSIA

Which country has the largest percentage of boreal forest?

russia

This biome is characterized by long dry seasons and is dominated by grasses, shrubs, and grazing animals

savanna

Four of the following are measures to resore ecosystems; one is not. Choose the one that is not.

secondary succession