Unit 4 diabetes

When administering insulin to a client with type 1 diabetes, which of the following would be most important for the nurse to keep in mind?

Accuracy of the dosage

High doses of which of the following medications can produce bilateral tinnitus?

Aspirin

A client has just been diagnosed with early glaucoma. During a teaching session, the nurse should:

Demonstrate eye-drop instillation

_____________ is often called the "silent thief of sight" because most patients are unaware that they have the disease until they have experienced visual changes and vision loss. The patient may not seek health care until he or she experiences blurred vision or "halos" around lights, difficulty focusing, difficulty adjusting eyes in low lighting, loss of peripheral vision, aching or discomfort around the eyes, and headache.

Glaucoma

Assessment of visual acuity reveals that the client has blurred vision when looking at distant objects but no difficulty seeing near objects. The nurse documents this as which of the following?

Myopia

Hyperopia

farsightedness

Astigmatism

irregularity in the curve of the cornea, which can affect both near and distant vision

________have extended retention time in the conjunctival sac and provide a higher concentration than eye drops. The major disadvantage of _______ is the blurred vision that results after application. In general, eyelids and eyelid margins are best treated with ointments.

ophthalmic ointments

client's blood glucose level is 45 mg/dl. The nurse should be alert for which signs and symptoms? You selected:

Coma, anxiety, confusion, headache, and cool, moist skin

For a client with hyperglycemia, which assessment finding best supports a nursing diagnosis of Deficient fluid volume?

Increased urine osmolarity Explanation: In hyperglycemia, urine osmolarity (the measurement of dissolved particles in the urine) increases as glucose particles move into the urine. The client experiences glucosuria and polyuria, losing body fluids and experiencing deficient fluid volume. Cool, clammy skin; jugular vein distention; and a decreased serum sodium level are signs of fluid volume excess, the opposite imbalance. (less)

A patient is admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The physician writes all of the following orders. Which order should the nurse implement first?

Infuse 0.9% normal saline solution 1 L/hr for 2 hours.

The nurse is describing the action of insulin in the body to a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Which of the following would the nurse explain as being the primary action?

It carries glucose into body cells

A client with diabetes is receiving an oral antidiabetic agent that acts to help the tissues use available insulin more efficiently. What medication will you administer?

Metformin

A patient has been prescribed eye drops for the treatment of glaucoma. At the yearly follow-up appointment, the patient tells the nurse that she has stopped using the medication because her vision did not improve. Which of the following is the appropriate action to be taken by the nurse?

The nurse needs to explain the therapeutic effect and expected outcome of the medication. The medication is not a cure for glaucoma, but can slow the progression. The patient will not see improvements in his or her vision with the use of the medication, but should see little to no deterioration of vision. The doctor may choose to switch the medication, but not because the vision is not improving;

A patient is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. What clinical characteristics does the nurse expect to see in this patient?

• Ketosis-prone • Little endogenous insulin • Younger than 30 years of age