unit 4 euro exam
Which of the following quotes from the passage most strongly reflects Catherine the Great as an Enlightened Monarch?
"The Form of Government therefore, which best attains this End... is that which coincides with the Views and Purposes of rational creatures..."
Which excerpt best supports Locke's contention that political society is primarily driven by self-interest?
"There is no judge to be found, no appeal lies open to any one... whose decision relief and redress may be expected."
Which of the following quotes from the excerpt MOST reflects the influence of the new ideas of the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment?
"that all the little variations that differentiate the atoms called men"
Adam Smith's free-market ideas most embody Enlightenment principles in which of the following ways?
Both Adam Smith and the majority of Enlightenment thinkers encouraged individual freedom and limitations on arbitrary royal power.
In the passage, Outram implies that libraries and coffee houses played which of the following roles during the Enlightenment?
Both were conduits for the intellectual development of the Third Estate.
This excerpt most directly espouses the idea of:
Capitalism
This passage establishes which of the following as the principal difference between the Enlightenment and previous intellectual movements?
Discourse in philosophy and the arts developed into public opinion.
The passage directly challenges which of the following political theories?
Divine right of kings.
Which of the following was an indirect effect of the wide-scale adoption of Smith's advice?
Famine in Ireland and other parts of northern Europe (1840's).
Voltaire would MOST agree with the religious policies of
Frederick II.
In the debate revealed in the above excerpts, which of the following was a MAJOR assumption made by most Enlightenment thinkers at the time?
If women had full equality with men, then European society, and especially the family, would suffer.
This painting by Rembrandt, one of the great "Dutch Masters," could BEST be used as evidence to support which of the following theses?
In various eras in European history, arts and sciences flourished in states that prospered from trade and commerce.
Which of the following represents the author's primary view of society?
Man is born in a pure state of nature, but is corrupted by society.
The economic theories articulated by Adam Smith differ from those of Mercantilists in all of the following ways EXCEPT
Mercantilists believed importing goods from foreign countries should be encouraged, while Adam Smith advocated that the country should limit foreign trade.
Which of the following statements BEST describes Montesquieu's scientific approach to political theory?
Montesquieu used empirical reasoning to support the idea of the separation of powers as a necessary way to guard against tyranny and degradation.
Newton's argument in the above passage most clearly supports which of the following ideologies?
Natural Philosophy.
The tone of the above statement best reflects which of the following developments in Europe during Newton's lifetime?
Natural philosophers who persisted in holding traditional views of religion.
This painting illustrates which of the following changes in the role of science during the 17th century?
Scientific work was seen as an aid to society, commerce, and the state.
Which of the following article/topic would likely NOT be investigated in Diderot's Encyclopedia?
Socialist political theories.
Which of the following best explains the motivation behind Newton's publication of the above statement?
The Christian faith of many influential scientists and philosophers during this time period.
Which of the following events managed to put an end to the type of policies Catherine proposed in the passage?
The Cossack Rebellion.
A historian studying which of the following would find this passage helpful?
The dissemination of ideas.
Which of the following was a major goal of the work as reflected in this excerpt?
The encouragement of skepticism toward all human knowledge.
Which of the following might best explain Catherine's "need" to please the people as expressed in this passage?
The events surrounding her ascension to the throne.
Which of the following statements LEAST supports the author's view of the social contract?
The idea that the most important function of the law is to protect the private property of individuals.
All of the following demonstrates the primary difference between the role of the salon in the Enlightenment and that of the new print media EXCEPT
The salon avoided use of the arts as a means to convey Enlightenment ideals.
Which of the following provisions in the Edict above most closely aligns with the idea of Enlightened Absolutism?
The stated desire to make the Jews, "more useful and serviceable to the state."
With whose ideas does Catherine the Great's "Proposal for a New Law Code" most align?
Thomas Hobbes.
Which of the following ideas would NOT be supported by the author of this excerpt?
Torture was necessary in certain circumstances to elicit a confession from a criminal.
To the degree that Joseph II expanded rights to Austrian Jews, which of the following also advocated for religious toleration?
Voltaire, in Treatise on Tolerance on the Occasion of the Death of Jean Calas from the Judgment Rendered in Toulouse.
How did traditional sources of authority react to the role of the print media and the visual and performing arts?
With attempts at censorship.
The ideas expressed in this excerpt were MOST directly a reaction to
a display of the arbitrary power of the state.
The author's concept of the "general will" could be manipulated and used as a justification for
dictatorship
Smith's main argument for the increased use of the potato is that
it is a more efficient use of land and greater source of nourishment than grains.
The potato was a significant part of the 18th-century agricultural revolution because
it was a new crop in Europe, having been introduced from the Americas.
The Enlightenment idea Montesquieu most obviously espouses here is that
the separation of powers provides political freedom because it allows people to live without fear of oppression and tyranny.
The argument made in the second excerpt challenged the opinions found in the first excerpt by suggesting that
women are just as capable as men of rational thought and intellectual pursuits.
The bolded phrase of this excerpt is most similar to which of the following quotes by Adam Smith?
"It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest."
Which of the following beliefs is LEAST supported by the first excerpt?
Only if women have the intelligence should they be allowed to pursue higher learning.
Which of the following methods of popularizing Enlightenment ideas BEST parallels the trend outlined in the passage?
Pamphlets
Which of the following individuals would be MOST likely to support Montesquieu's view of government?
Sir Robert Walpole.
What fundamental idea of John Locke is evident in the passage?
Social contract.
