Unit 4 review

Which part of the kidney is made up of millions of functional units called nephrons? a. cortex b. calyx c. medulla d. renal pelvis

a. cortex

Which can result in hyperactive bowel sounds? Select all that apply. a. inflammatory disorders b. paralytic ileus c. abdominal surgery d. small bowel obstruction e. food poisoning

a. inflammatory disorders d. small bowel obstruction e. food poisoning

Undigested food first enters the large intestine through which structure? a. duodenum b. cecum c. rectum d. sigmoid colon

b. cecum

Which is the result of the passage of stool through the colon being slowed? a. diarrhea b. constipation c. distention d. ileus

b. constipation

What is the value for specific gravity? a. 0.12 b. 1.30 c. 1.02 d. 13.0

c. 1.02

Which procedure produces a surgical opening in the abdomen and bypasses the large intestine entirely? a. sigmoid colostomy b. kock pouch c. ileostomy d. loop colostomy

c. ileostomy

When inserting an indwelling catheter, which level of asepsis is used? a. medical asepsis b. disinfection c. surgical asepsis d. low level asepsis

c. surgical asepsis

Which stoma assessment finding made by the nurse warrants immediate health-care provider notification? a. shiny red b. brick red c. deep pink d. brown-black

d. brown-black

Which are common disorders that are primary causes of bowel function? Select all that apply. a. Food allergies b. Diverticulosis c. Pneumonia d. Seasonal allergies e. Food intolerance

a. Food allergies b. Diverticulosis e. Food intolerance

Which physiological factors can place an 83-year-old at risk for acute kidney injury? Select all that apply. a. decline in glomerular function b. loss of urinary sphincter control c. arterioscleorotic blood vessel changes d. decreased abdominal muscle control e. consumption of large quantities of caffeine

a. decline in glomerular function c. arterioscleorotic blood vessel changes

The nurse is caring for a client in the endoscopy recovery area after undergoing an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). The client asks for a sip of water. What should the nurse do first? a. determine if the gag reflex has returned b. telephone the gastroenterologist for orders c. review the electronic health record (EHR) d. inform the client that he or she is still NPO for 12 to 24 hours

a. determine if the gag reflex has returned

Which interventions should the nurse instruct the client to perform to decrease the incidence of urinary incontinence? Select all that apply. a. eliminate caffeine from the diet b. limit the intake of fluids c. stop smoking d. lose weight e. increase the use of artificial sweeteners

a. eliminate caffeine from the diet c. stop smoking d. lose weight

What clinical manifestations might a nurse expect to see if a client has impaired renal functions? Select all that apply. a. high blood pressure b. altered mental status c. increased urine production d. fluid retention e. decreased heart rate

a. high blood pressure b. altered mental status d. fluid retention

Which medications would the nurse instruct the client with chronic constipation to avoid taking? Select all that apply. a. iron b. aspirin c. opioids d. laxatives e. antibiotics

a. iron c. opioids

The nurse is educating a group of older adults about ways to decrease the risk of developing a fecal impaction. Which factors should the nurse include in the session? Select all that apply. a. laxative overuse b. high-fiber content c. diminished fluid intake d. decreased ability to exercise e. inflammatory bowel disease

a. laxative overuse c. diminished fluid intake d. decreased ability to exercise

Which factors place female clients at higher risk for urinary tract infections? Select all that apply. a. pregnancy b. menopause c. sexual activity d. prostate enlargement e. longer urethral length

a. pregnancy b. menopause c. sexual activity

Which lab test can be done at the bedside and requires the least amount of stool specimen? a. Testing for parasites b. Fecal occult blood test c. Clostridium difficile testing d. Testing for infectious processes

b. Fecal occult blood test

Which are common gastrointestinal symptoms suggestive of food allergy? Select all that apply. a. Nausea b. Rash around the anus c. Excessive gas d. Intestinal bleeding e. Severe vomiting

b. Rash around the anus c. Excessive gas d. Intestinal bleeding

The nurse is preparing instructions for a client who is being discharged after undergoing a barium enema. What should be included in the teaching? Select all that apply. a. No driving is permitted due to sedation used. b. Take a mild laxative after the procedure. c. Maintain a low-residue diet for 1 to 3 days. d. Hold all medications for the rest of the day. e. Increase oral fluid intake after the procedure. f. Stools will be light colored for 2 to 3 days after the procedure.

b. Take a mild laxative after the procedure. e. Increase oral fluid intake after the procedure. f. Stools will be light colored for 2 to 3 days after the procedure.

How would the nurse assess for costovertebral angle tenderness? a. Inspect the urinary meatus. b. Auscultate over the abdominal aorta. c. Percuss between the 12th rib and spine. d. Palpate in the pubic area over the bladder.

c. Percuss between the 12th rib and spine.

The nurse calculates urinary output for a client with dehydration and determines the client's output is 800mL/day. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for the nurse to perform first? a. notify the health-care provider b. document the finding as normal c. assess the urine color and clarity d. inserting an indwelling urinary catheter

c. assess the urine color and clarity

The parents of a newborn voice concern regarding looser stools that the newborn is experiencing after each breastfeeding. What would be the nurse's best response? a. "Let's obtain a stool sample and we can run tests." b. "Have you recently switched formulas for the baby?" c. "What are the color of the stools the newborn is passing?" d. "This is normal because newborns have looser stools due to immature intestines."

d. "This is normal because newborns have looser stools due to immature intestines."

What is the term for the amount of blood that is filtered in a minute? a. Creatinine b. Ammonia c. Blood urea nitrogen d. Glomerular filtration rate

d. Glomerular filtration rate

A client presents to the emergency room with vomiting and diarrhea. The client is dehydrated. Which hormone does the nurse expect to be secreted by the posterior pituitary gland to reduce water loss? a. renin b. aldosterone c. erythropoietin d. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

d. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Place the anatomical structures in the order in which blood is filtered. 1. urine is carried from the kidneys to the bladder through the ureters 2. the urinary meatus is the way in which urine leaves the body 3. the kidneys contain nephrons, which perform filtration of blood and forms urine 4. urine from the ureters is stored in the bladder

3. the kidneys contain nephrons, which perform filtration of blood and forms urine 1. urine is carried from the kidneys to the bladder through the ureters 4. urine from the ureters is stored in the bladder 2. the urinary meatus is the way in which urine leaves the body

In which ways can surgery or procedures contribute to sluggish bowel elimination? Select all that apply. a. Anesthesia b. Increased IV fluids c. Stress d. Decreased mobility e. Manipulation of the bowel

a. Anesthesia c. Stress d. Decreased mobility e. Manipulation of the bowel

The nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who will be taking a loop diuretic. What should the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply. a. Change positions slowly. b. Stay out of direct sunlight. c. Report any muscle weakness. d. Notify the health-care provider of any rash. e. Signs and symptoms of high potassium levels.

a. Change positions slowly. c. Report any muscle weakness. d. Notify the health-care provider of any rash.

What should the nurse include in the teaching for a client with an ileal conduit urinary diversion? Select all that apply. a. Ensure the collection device fits snugly against skin. b. Empty the ostomy bag frequently. c. Apply lotion to the area if skin is excoriated. d. Catheterize the reservoir several times a day. e. Performing Credé's maneuver to empty the bladder.

a. Ensure the collection device fits snugly against skin. b. Empty the ostomy bag frequently.

The nurse is educating unlicensed nursing assistive personnel (NAP) about recording output for a client. What fluids should the nurse include in the output for accuracy? Select all that apply. a. Urine b. Emesis c. Diarrhea d. Nasal drainage e. Intravenous fluids f. Nasogastric drainage

a. Urine b. Emesis c. Diarrhea f. Nasogastric drainage

Which client would most likely benefit from an internal fecal management system? a. a client incontinent of stool with a sacral decubitus ulcer b. a younger client diagnosed with a C-diff infection c. a client who requires a bowel prep for a colonoscopy procedure d. a client with irritable bowel syndrome that also has constipation

a. a client incontinent of stool with a sacral decubitus ulcer

Which health history information should be obtained before a nurse places an indwelling catheter? Select all that apply. a. any allergies b. history of bladder surgery c. history of heart disease d. any problems with constipation e. number of pregnancies

a. any allergies b. history of bladder surgery

A client who had an ileostomy returns to the clinic and informs the nurse he or she is having difficulty with an odor coming from the ostomy bag. Which foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid in order to decrease ostomy odor? Select all that apply. a. beer b. asparagus c. chocolate d. cucumbers e. romaine lettuce

a. beer b. asparagus d. cucumbers

The nurse just finished inserting an indwelling urinary catheter into a client and is sitting down to document the procedure. Which information should the nurse include in the medical record? Select all that apply. a. catheter size b. provision of privacy c. date and time of insertion d. projected date of removal e. amount of saline in balloon f. color, clarity, and amount of urine return

a. catheter size c. date and time of insertion e. amount of saline in balloon f. color, clarity, and amount of urine return

The nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who will be taking a loop diuretic. What should the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply. a. change positions slowly b. stay out of direct sunlight c. report any muscle weakness d. notify the health-care provider of any rash e. signs and symptoms high potassium levels

a. change positions slowly c. report any muscle weakness d. notify the health-care provider of any rash

Which structures are contained within a nephron? Select all that apply. a. collecting duct b. bowman's capsule c. ureters d. renal cortex e. filtrating tubules

a. collecting duct b. bowman's capsule e. filtrating tubules

Which symptoms characterize flatulence? Select all that apply. a. cramping b. abdominal distention c. rectal bleeding d. heartburn sensation e. sharp abdominal discomfort

a. cramping b. abdominal distention e. sharp abdominal discomfort

The nurse is educating a group fo older adults about constipation. Which gerontological changes should the nurse include in the session? Select all that apply. a. diminished mobility b. lowered fluid intake c. decreased peristalsis d. changes in fiber intake e. increased sphincter control f. improved smooth muscle tone

a. diminished mobility b. lowered fluid intake c. decreased peristalsis d. changes in fiber intake

Which is true about colostomy irrigation? a. ileostomies do not need to be irrigated. b. irrigation is not used for colostomies distal to the descending colon. c. irrigation of a stoma is necessary in all colostomies. d. the nurse should not allow the client to perform irrigation on his or her own stoma.

a. ileostomies do not need to be irrigated.

Which should be included in client teaching to support normal bowel elimination? Select all that apply. a. increase fluid intake b. limit fiber intake c. increase caffeine d. increase physical activity e. do. not ignore the urge to defecate

a. increase fluid intake d. increase physical activity e. do not ignore the urge to defecate

What should the nurse include in the post-procedure care for a client who underwent a cystoscopy? Select all that apply. a. monitor intake and output b. assess color and clarity of urine c. provide only clear liquids d. obtain vital sings every 8 hours e. instruct about the use of contrast dye

a. monitor intake and output b. assess color and clarity of urine

Which are ways a nurse can promote regular defecation for clients? Select all that apply. a. provide privacy b. remind the client that constipation could occur if he or she does not defecate regularly c. take a matter-of-fact straightforward approach d. control odors to prevent embarrassment e. accompany the client and provide encouragement while he or she is attempting defecation

a. provide privacy c. take a matter-of-fact straightforward approach d. control odors to prevent embarrassment

The home health nurse just removed an indwelling urinary catheter from a client per health-care provider's order. Which intervention should the nurse provide the client with? a. report any pain or burning upon urination b. increase oral fluid to promote urine production c. contact the health-care provider if unable to urinate 8 hours after catheter removal d. notify the health-care provider after the first void with color and amount of urine e. discard the first sample after removing the catheter and then collect the urine in a jug for the next 24 hours

a. report any pain or burning upon urination b. increase oral fluid to promote urine production c. contact the health-care provider if unable to urinate 8 hours after catheter removal

Which intervention should the nurse incorporate into the plan of care for a client with a new ostomy that is having difficulty coping with the body change? Select all that apply a. show acceptance when working with the stoma b. explain to the client that his or her sexual relations would not change c. instruct the client that a dressing can be placed over the ostomy during sexual relations d. provide information regarding support groups available for clients with ostomies e. allow the client to ventilate feelings about having a new colostomy and how it changes his or her life f. show the client how to take care of the ostomy, including changing the bag and wafer

a. show acceptance when working with the stoma b. explain to the client that his or her sexual relations would not change d. provide information regarding support groups available for clients with ostomies e. allow the client to ventilate feelings about having a new colostomy and how it changes his or her life

A nurse is assessing a urostomy on a client. She should be most concerned about which findings? Select all that apply. a. sloughing of the skin b. moisture c. skin breakdown d. encrustation e. red in color

a. sloughing of the skin c. skin breakdown d. encrustation

Which instructions should the nurse provide a client to prepare for a colonoscopy? Select all that apply. a. take laxatives as prescribed for the bowel prep b. do not eat or drink anything after midnight prior to the test c. have someone drive you home from the test due to sedation used in the procedure d. refrain from eating after the procedure until your gag reflex returns e. gargle with saline mouthwashes after the procedure

a. take laxatives as prescribed for the bowel prep b. do not eat or drink anything after midnight prior to the test c. have someone drive you home from the test due to sedation used in the procedure

Which describes the glomerular filtration rate? a. the amount of filtrate formed by the kidneys per minute b. the volume of blood that passes through the kidneys in each cardiac cycle c. the amount of waste removed by the kidney each minute d. the amount of urine that collects in the bladder per minute

a. the amount of filtrate formed by the kidneys per minute

The parents of a 2-year-old child voice concern to the nurse that they are not able to toilet train their child yet. Which factors should the nurse explain to the parents that affect toilet training? Select all that apply. a. the child must be able to sense the urge to void b. the child must be able to remove his or her own clothes c. the child must be able to voice the need to urinate d. the child must be able to completely wipe from front to back e. the child must be able to balance himself on the toilet

a. the child must be able to sense the urge to void b. the child must be able to remove his or her own clothes c. the child must be able to voice the need to urinate

The nurse is discussing ways to treat functional incontinence with a group of older adults in a senior citizens center. Which intervention would be most appropriate for the nurse to include in the presentation? a. timed voiding b. kegel exercises c. straight catheterization d. pharmacological treatment

a. timed voiding

The nurse is educating unlicensed personnel (NAP) about recording output for a client. What fluids should the nurse include in the output for accuracy? Select all that apply. a. urine b. emesis c. diarrhea d. nasal drainage e. intravenous fluids f. nasogastric drainage

a. urine b. emesis c. diarrhea f. nasogastric drainage

A client with a new ileostomy asks the nurse why he or she cannot irrigate the ostomy like others in the ostomy support group. What would be the nurse's best response? a. "This is the way your health-care provider prefers his or her ostomies to be managed." b. "The other clients may have colostomies that can be irrigated due to the stool being solid." c. "Why would you want to perform irrigation? It can be so messy. It is easier to use the ostomy bag." d. "Irrigations are very complex and can be difficult to manage. Those clients may have had their ostomies for many years."

b. "The other clients may have colostomies that can be irrigated due to the stool being solid."

A client asks the nurse why he or she needs to have a laxative with a strong bowel prep prior to a colonoscopy. How should the nurse respond? a. "I will ask the doctor to speak with you." b. "your bowel needs to be completely empty in order to visualize your lower intestine." c. "colonoscopies need to be done while your bowel is working" d. "anything in your intestine could cause bleeding during the procedure."

b. "your bowel needs to be completely empty in order to visualize your lower intestine."

A client with irritable bowel syndrome reports excess gas after meals. Which foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid in their diet to decrease gas production? Select all that apply. a. pasta b. beans c. yogurt d. onions e. broccoli

b. beans d. onions e. broccoli

A nurse is caring for an elderly client who has nearly fallen twice while getting out go bed to go to the bathroom. The nurse has instructed the client not to get up without assistance. The client tells the nurse about feeling a need to get to the bathroom when the urge to void occurs and feeling a need to rush. Which strategy should the nurse utilize to minimize the client's risk of falling? a. obtain an order for an indwelling catheter b. check on the client every 2 hours and offer toileting assistance c. require that a family member stay with the client d. obtain an order for restraints to prevent injury

b. check on the client every 2 hours and offer toileting assistance

A client presents to the emergency room passing bright red blood from the rectum. The health-care provider determines that the client is bleeding hemorrhoids. Which causative factors should the nurse ask the client about? Select all that apply. a. anorexia nervosa b. chronic constipation c. end stage renal disease d. prolonged sitting on the job e. upper gastrointestinal bleeding

b. chronic constipation d. prolonged sitting on the job

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory data for a client admitted with acute kidney injury. Which values would the nurse expect to see elevated. Select all that apply. a. sodium b. creatinine c. red blood cells (RBC) d. blood urea nitrogen (BUN) e. glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

b. creatinine d. blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Which are measures a nurse can take to help prevent urinary tract infection in client with an indwelling catheter? Select all that apply. a. disconnect the tubing regularly b. empty the collection bag at least every 8 hours c. regularly check connections d. provide perineal care when the area becomes soiled e. keep the collection bag below the level of the bladder f. provide open irrigation as needed

b. empty the collection bag at least every 8 hours c. regularly check connections d. provide perineal care when the area becomes soiled e. keep the collection bag below the level of the bladder

The registered nurse is observing a student administer a soapsuds enema to a client. Which action made by the student nurse requires correction? a. placing the client in the left side-lying position b. holding the container 45 to 60 cm above the hips c. lubricating the tip of the enema tubing generously d. inserting the tip of the enema tubing approximately 7 to 10 cm

b. holding the container 45 to 60 cm above the hips

Which nursing diagnosis applies to a client who feels it is important to have a bowel movement every day, and resorts to suppositories or enemas to facilitate this? a. dysfunctional gastrointestinal motility b. perceived constipation c. irritable bowel syndrome d. chronic constipation

b. perceived constipation

A client asks the nurse which foods would help to consume 25 to 30 grams of fiber per day. Which foods should the nurse instruct the client to include in the diet? Select all that apply. a. pasta b. popcorn c. dried beans d. applesauce e. raw vegetables f. whole-grain breads

b. popcorn c. dried beans e. raw vegetables f. whole-grain breads

Which condition in older men can result in impaired flow of urine from the bladder into the urethra? a. renal calculi b. prostatic hypertrophy c. cardiovascular disorders d. stroke

b. prostatic hypertrophy

What anatomical feature makes women more prone to urinary tract infections than men? a. increased width of the pelvic bones b. proximity of the urethra to the vagina and anus c. larger bladder d. decreased length of the ureters

b. proximity of the urethra to the vagina and anus

Which functions of the kidney are considered secondary functions? Select all that apply. a. acid-base balance b. renin production c. water reabsorption d. vitamin d activation e. erythropoietin secretion

b. renin production d. vitamin d activation e. erythropoietin secretion

The nurse is caring for a client with diarrhea related to a virus. According to the BRAT diet, which foods should the nurse instruct the client to include in the diet? Select all that apply. a. tea b. rice c. toast d. raisins e. asparagus f. applesauce

b. rice c. toast f. applesauce B: bananas R: rice A: applesauce T: toast

Which are functions of the colon? Select all that apply. a. lipid digestion b. water absorption c. protein absorption d. vitamin absorption e. facilitate stool passage

b. water absorption d. vitamin absorption e. facilitate stool passage

Which are functions of the colon? Select all that apply. a. lipid digestion b. water absorption c. protein absorption d. vitamin absorption e. facilitate stool passage

b. water absorption d. vitamin absorption e. facilitate stool passage

Which assessment finding made by the nurse confirms a client has a biliary obstruction? a. Red stool a. White stool c. Brown stool d. Yellow stool

b. white stool

Which piece of information is most important for the nurse to obtain prior to removing an indwelling urinary catheter? a. Date of insertion b. Type of catheter material c. Amount of saline in balloon d. Allergy to betadine or shellfish

c. Amount of saline in balloon

Which laboratory test should be performed prior to a client undergoing a renal biopsy? a. Urinalysis b. Blood glucose c. Coagulation studies d. Hepatic function panel

c. Coagulation studies

Which ion controls acid-base balance? a. Sodium b. Oxygen c. Hydrogen d. Potassium

c. Hydrogen

What piece of information is most important for the nurse to obtain prior to removing an indwelling urinary catheter? a. date of insertion b. type of catheter material c. amount of saline in balloon d. allergy to betadine or shellfish

c. amount of saline in balloon

A nurse is auscultating bowel sounds on a client who has had recent abdominal surgery. She hears approximately 1 to 2 sounds per minute in each quadrant. Which condition should the nurse expect? a. infection b. diarrhea c. constipation d. ileus

c. constipation

A nurse is inserting an indwelling catheter into a client. She begins to inflate the balloon, she feels resistance, and the client complains of discomfort. Which action should the nurse take? a. remove the catheter and discard it b. notify the physician and document that the client refused a catheter c. deflate the ballon and advance the catheter an inch before attempting again d. leave the catheter in place without inflating the balloon

c. deflate the ballon and advance the catheter an inch before attempting again

A client reports severe pain int he pubic area and the nurse determines that the client has acute urinary retention. The client reports never experiencing this before. Which new medication may be the cause? a. lisinopril b. ibuprofen c. fexofenadine d. metoprolol

c. fexofenadine

What is the affect of physical activity on normal defecation? a. increase physical activity can increase constipation b. decreased physical activity can result in diarrhea c. increased physical activity promotes normal defecation patterns d. physical activity has no effect on defecation patters

c. increased physical activity promotes normal defecation patterns

What is the purpose of using a drape when inserting a catheter? a. reduces the risk of infection b. improves lighting for the procedure c. provides privacy for the client d. helps regulate temperature

c. provides privacy for the client

Which type of catheter should a client who is receiving a continuous irrigation have? a. single-lumen catheter b. double-lumen catheter c. triple-lumen catheter d. quad-lumen catheter

c. triple-lumen catheter

How long should the nurse auscultate each quadrant prior to documenting the absence of bowel sounds? a. 30 seconds b. 1 minute c. 2 minutes d. 3 minutes

d. 3 minutes

The nurse is preparing to remove an indwelling urinary catheter from a client who underwent a prostatectomy a week ago. Which size syringe would be most appropriate for the nurse to use to deflate the retention balloon? a. 3 mL b. 5 mL c. 10 mL d. 30 mL

d. 30 mL

The nurse has an order to obtain a urine specimen for a culture and sensitivity test from a client with an indwelling urinary catheter. Which procedure is accurate for obtaining the specimen? a. Obtaining the specimen from the drainage bag b. Disconnecting the tubing and obtaining the specimen c. Inserting a new indwelling urinary catheter to obtain a sterile urine specimen d. Clamping the tubing and withdrawing a fresh specimen from the tubing aseptically

d. Clamping the tubing and withdrawing a fresh specimen from the tubing aseptically

During digital removal of stool, which is the most serious complication the client is at risk of developing? a. Bleeding b. Decreased blood pressure c. Hypertension d. Decreased heart rate

d. Decreased heart rate

A nurse is caring for a client with type 2 diabetes mellitus who is scheduled to undergo a computed tomography (CT) scan with IV contrast of the abdomen due to suspected intestinal malignancy. Which medication should the nurse hold prior to the procedure and for 48 hours after the procedure? a. Insulin b. Diazepam c. Bisacodyl d. Metformin

d. Metformin

Which is an appropriate elimination-related nursing diagnosis for a client who is on bedrest following surgery, and is also taking opioid pain medications? a. Risk for bowel incontinence b. Risk for infection related to diarrhea c. Altered tissue integrity related to incontinence d. Risk for constipation related to immobility

d. Risk for constipation related to immobility

With which type of bowel diversion is the client most likely to have control over bowel elimination and not need to wear an appliance? a. Ileostomy b. Ascending colon colostomy c. Transverse colon colostomy d. Sigmoid colostomy

d. Sigmoid colostomy

The nurse has an order to obtain a urine specimen fora culture and sensitivity test from a client with an indwelling urinary catheter. Which procedure is accurate for obtaining the specimen? a. obtaining the specimen from the drainage bag b. disconnecting the tubing and obtaining the specimen c. inserting a new indwelling urinary catheter to obtain a sterile urine specimen d. clamping the tubing and withdrawing a fresh specimen from the tubing aseptically

d. clamping the tubing and withdrawing a fresh specimen from the tubing aseptically

Which type of enema may be ordered to help a client pass flatus and relieve abdominal distention? a. oil-retention enema b. medicated enema c. nutritive enema d. return-flow enema

d. return-flow enema

Which type of bowel diversion would result in a solid stool? a. ileostomy b. kock pouch c. ileoanal reservoir d. sigmoid colostomy

d. sigmoid colostomy

The nurse is caring for a client who is being discharged after sustaining a myocardial infarction. What is most important for the nurse to instruct the client on? a. consume a bland diet b. use a salt substitute on foods c. avoid consuming grapefruits and its juice d. take stool softeners to prevent straining

d. take stool softeners to prevent straining valsalva maneuver

A client has a tendency to develop frequent constipation. Which dietary consideration should the nurse recommend? a. the client should increase iron intake b. the client should decrease fiber intake c. the client should increase intake of fats d. the client should increase fiber intake

d. the client should increase fiber intake

A client asks the nurse to take a laxative, as he pr she has not had a bowel movement today. What is the first information the nurse should obtain prior to administering the laxative? a. the amount of fiber in daily diet b. the last dose of laxative received c. if the client has had any flatus d. the client's normal bowel elimination pattern

d. the client's normal bowel elimination pattern

Which describes a normal defecation pattern? a. defecation at the same time every day b. defecation at least every other day c. defecation several times a day d. varies among individuals

d. varies among individuals