unit 4 review ap psych

Although Manuel was sitting right next to his parents, he smelled a skunk minutes before they did. Apparently, Manuel has a lower ________ for skunk odor than his parents have.

B. absolute threshold

During a hearing test, many sounds were presented at such a low level of intensity that Mr. Antall could hardly detect them. These sounds were below Mr. Antall's

B. absolute threshold

According to the gate-control theory, a back massage would most likely reduce your physical aches and pains by causing

B. activation of nerve fibers in your spinal cord

Tinnitus is a phantom ______ sensation

B. auditory

a subliminal message is one that is presented

B. below ones absolute threshold for awareness

The amplitude of electromagnetic waves determines the ________ of light.

B. brightness

Taste and smell are both what kind of senses?

B. chemical

Sensation is to ________ as perception is to ________.

B. detection, interpretation

Weber's law is relevant to an understanding of

B. difference thresholds

Sensory adaption refers to

B. diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus

a cochlear implant converts sound into

B. electrical signals

Clairvoyance refers to the

B. extrasensory perception of events that occur at places remote to the perceiver

Imagine your friend walking toward you in the hall at school. as your friend gets closer the image cast on your retina

B. gets larger

Frequency theory best explains while place theory best explains .

B. how we perceive low-pitched sounds how we perceive high pitched sounds

In one experiment, most of the participants who viewed a videotape of men tossing a basketball remained unaware of an umbrella-toting woman sautering across the screen. this illustrated

B. inattentional blindness

Standing in the checkout line at the grocery store, jerry kept looking at his watch to see the time. As a results he failed to see that a store employee was being robbed by a person just in front of him. Jerry most clearly suffered

B. inattentional blindness

The greatest difficulty facing contemporary parapsychology is the

B. lack of reproducible ESP phenomenon

Object are brought into focus on the retina by changes in the curvature and thickness of the

B. lens

Joe Wilson, age 55, has been told by experts that a hearing aid would restore his lost sense of hearing. It is likely that Joe's hearing loss involves problems within the

B. middle ear

Which theory best explains the occurrence of after image

B. opponent process

Standing atop a mountain on an utterly dark, clear night, most of us would see a candle flame atop another mountain 30 miles away. This best illustrates

C. the absolute threshold

The sequentially flashing christmas tree lights appeared to generate pulsing waves of motion this best illustrates

C. the phi phenomenon

When two adjacent lights blinking on ans off in quick successions we perceive a single light moving back and forth between them this is called

C. the phi phenomenon

The ability to detect whether your body is in a horizontal or vertical position depends most directly on

C. the vestibular sense

the semicircular canals are most directly relevant to

C. the vestibular sense

the process by which our sensory systems convert stimulus energies into neural messages is called

C. transduction

An 80-decibel sound is _______ times louder than a 60-decibel sound.

D. 100

If the just-noticeable difference for a 10-ounce weight is 1 ounce, the just noticeable difference for an 80-ounce weight would be ________ ounce(s).

D. 8

which of the following is the correct sequence of structure that sound waves pass through on the way to the auditory nerve

E. eardrum, hammer, anvil, stirrup, cochlea

sound waves vibrations are transmitted by three tiny bones located in the

E. middle ear

The ability to simultaneously process the pitch, loudness, melody, and meaning of a song best illustrates

E. parallel processing

Although he was wearing a pair of glasses that shifted the apparent location of objects 20 degrees to his right, Lars was still able to play tennis very effectively. This best illustrates the value of

E. perceptual adaptation

ACcommodation refers to the

E. process by which the lens changes shape to focus images on the retina

in university of utah driving-stimulation experiments students conversing on cell phones were slower to detect and respond to traffic signals. this best illustrates

E. selective attention

the detection and encoding of stimulus energies by the nervous system is called

E. sensation

A cochlear impact would be most helpful for those who suffer

E. sensorineural hearing loss

If we see a speaker mouthing day while actually hearing someone else saying may, we may perceive a third syllable bay that blends both inputs. This phenomenon is known as

E. the mcgurk effect

The fact that people who are colorblind to red and green may still see yellow is most easily explained by

E. the opponents process theory

Patients' negative expectations about the outcome of a surgical procedure can increase their postoperative experience of pain. This best illustrates the importance of:

E. top-down processing

People who demonstrate blindsight have most likely suffered damage to their

E. visual cortex

According to the opponent-process theory, cells that are stimulated by exposure to light are inhibited by exposure to light

E. yellow; blue

the phenomenon of color constancy best demonstrates that

A. an objects perceived color is influenced by its surrounding objects

The area of the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye is called the

A. blind spot

the stimulation of adjacent cold and warmth spots on the skin produces the sensation of

A. hot

Light-wave amplitude determines the

A. intensity of colors

A time lag between left and right auditory simulation is important for accurately

A. location sounds

The brains release of endorphins reduces

A. pain

The study of phenomena such as clairvoyance and telepathy is called

A. parapsychology

ESP refers to

A. perception that occurs apart from sensory input

After watching a scary television movie, julie perceived the noise of the wind rattling her front windows as the sound of a burglar breaking into her house. Her mistake interpretation best illustrates the influence of

A. perceptual set

as you look at an apple , its reflected light travels to the eye. The rods and cones absorb and help transmit the information t the brain. this process best illustrates

A. sensation

phantom limb sensation best illustrate that pain can be experienced in the absence of

A. sensory input

With her eyes closed and her nose plugged, Chandra was unable to taste the difference between an onion and a pear. Her experience best illustrates the importance of

A. sensory interaction

As a door opens, it casts an increasingly trapezoidal shape on our retinas; however, we still perceive it as rectangular. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

A. shape constancy

When you are expecting an incoming text message, you are much more likely to notice it the second it arrives. This best illustrates

A. signal detection theory

Which theory emphasizes that personal expectations and motivations influence the level of absolute thresholds?

A. signal detection theory

Parapsychology refers to the

A. study of phenomena such as ESP and psychokinesis

Shauna claims that she knows at any given moment exactly what important political figures are thinking. Shauna is claiming to possess the power of

A. telepathy

the pitch of sound is determined by what

A. the frequency of the sound wave

Experiencing a green afterimage of a red object is most easily explained by

A. the opponent- process theory

According to the Young-Helmholtz theory

A. the retina contains three kinds of color receptors

heather sellers suffers from prosopagnosia and is unable to recognize her own face in the mirror her difficulty stems from a deficiency in

A. top-down processing

If we could stop our eyes from quivering as we stared at a stationary object, the object would probably

A. vanish from sight

A football player was tackled hard during a very physical game, but he did not feel any pain until the post game celebration party which of the following best explains this phenomenon

B. psychologist factors such as distraction can diminish pain sensation

Biolar cells are located in the

B. retina

Which of the following is a binocular cue for the perception of distance

B. retinal disparity

we compute motion based on the assumption that shrinking objects are

B. retreating

Under very dim levels of illumination

B. rods are more light-sensitive than cones

bottom-up processing involves analysis that begins with the

B. sensory receptors

AS the retinal image of a horse galloping toward you becomes larger, it is unlikely that the horse will appear t grow larger this best illustrates the phenomenon of

B. size constancy

olfactory receptor cells are essential for our sense of

B. smell

The feature detectors identified by hubel and weisel respond to specific aspects of

B. visual

the principle that two stimuli must differ by a constant proportion for their difference to be perceived is known as

B. weber's law

Evidence that some cones are especially sensitive to red light, others to green light, and still others to blue light is most directly supportive of the ________ theory.

B. young-helmholz

stereotypes are mental conceptions that can strongly influence the way we interpret the behaviors of individuals belonging to specific racial or ethnic groups. A stereotype is most similar to

C. A perceptual set

Which of the following is the correct order of structures light passes through the eye

C. cornea, iris, pupil, lens, retina

Some people are better than others at detecting slight variations in the tastes of various blends of coffee. This best illustrates the importance of

C. difference threshold

When given a placebo that is said to relieve pain, we are likely to be soothed by the brain's release of

C. endorphins

Which theory suggests that large-fiber activity in the spinal cord can prevent pain signals from reaching the brain?

C. gate control theory

WHen most people stare at a red square and then shift their eyes to a white surface the afterimage of the square is

C. green

Psychologist are skeptical about the existence of ESP because

C. many apparent demonstrations of ESP have been shown to be staged illusions

the constant quivering movements of our eyes enable us to

C. minimize sensory adaptation

If you burn your finger transmits pain triggering signals to your central nervous system

C. nociceptors

Which of the following sensory receptors detect hurtful temperatures pressure or chemicals

C. nociceptors

The abilities to simultaneously recognize the color, shape, size, and speed of an oncoming automobile best illustrates

C. parallel processing

As the brain receives information about the lines, angles, and edges of objects in the environment, higher-level cells process and interpret the information to consciously recognize objects, this process best illustrates

C. perception

As Maria and her little brother looked up at the clouds, he exclaimed, "That one looks like a giant dinosaur!" Maria thought it looked more like a giant duck. Which of the following concepts best explains their different interpretations of the same ambiguous stimuli?

C. perceptual set

the perceptual tendency to group together stimuli that are near each other is called

C. proximity

Distant trees were located closer to the top of the artist's canvas than were the nearby flowers. The artist was clearly using the distance cue known as

C. relative height

the receptors cells that convert light energy into neural signals are called

C. rods and cones

which cells for visual processing are located closest to the back of the retina

C. rods and cones

ohio state university pedestrians were more likely to cross streets unsafely if they were talking on a cell phone. this best illustrates the impact of

C. selective attention

Diminished sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus is known as

C. sensory adaptation

An exhausted forest ranger may notice the faintest scent of a forest fire, whereas much stronger but less important odors fail to catch her attention. This fact would be of greatest relevance to

C. signal detection theory

The quick succession of briefly flashed images in a motion picture produces

C. stroboscopic motion

Audiotapes of soothing ocean sounds accompanied by faint and imperceptible verbal messages designed to increase a desire to lose weight best illustrate

C. subliminal stimulation

Mr. Kim's experience of chronic back pain is influenced by his cultural background, his attentional processes, and nerve damage caused by an automobile accident. An integrated understanding of Mr. Kim's suffering is most clearly provided by

D. a biopsychosocial approach

When informed that a brief imperceptible message would be flashed repeatedly during a popular TV program, many viewers reported feeling strangely hungry or thirsty during the show. Since the imperceptible message had nothing to do with hunger or thirst, viewers' strange reactions best illustrate:

D. a placebo effect

The minimum amount of stimulation a person needs to detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time is called the

D. absolute threshold

Our sense of taste originally was thought to involve only the following four sensations

D. bitter, sweet, sour, and salty

Ms. Shields, a recent stroke victim, cannot consciously perceive the large book on the coffee table in front of her. Yet, when urged to identify the book, she correctly reads aloud the printed title on the book cover. Her response best illustrates:

D. blindsight

While a man provided directions to a construction worker, two experimenters rudely interrupted by passing between them carrying a door. The man's failure to notice that the construction worker was replaced by a different person during this interruption illustrates

D. change blindness

The coiled, fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses is called the

D. cochlea

The organization of two-dimensional retinal images into three dimensional perception is called

D. debt perception

To those throwing a very heavy rather than a light object at a target, the target is likely to be perceived as

D. farther away

Which of the following types of cells are located in the brains occipital lobe

D. feature detectors

One of the ways we perceive images is by organizing stimuli into an object seen against its surroundings. What is this perceptual tendency called?

D. figure ground

A floating sea vessel is to the ocean water as is to .

D. figure; ground

Who emphasized that the whole may exceed the sum of its parts?

D. gestalt psychologist

Intensity is to brightness as wavelength is to

D. hue

Dilation and constriction of the pupil are controlled by the

D. iris

The amount of light entering the eye is regulated by the

D. iris

If we see two of the same objects but one of them appears to be dimmer, we will interpret the dimmer object as farther away. what is this monocular cue for depth called

D. light and shadow

The convergence of parallel lines provides the distance cue known as

D. linear perspective

Cocking your head would be most useful for detecting the ______ of a sound.

D. location

Debt perception that uses information transmitted to only one eye depends on

D. monocular cues

A gestalt is best described as

D. organized whole

Perceiving the color, motion, and form of a bird in flight illustrates

D. parallel processing

The process by which we select, organize, and interpret sensory information in order to recognize meaningful objects and events is called

D. perception

The tendency to perceive a moving light in the night sky as belonging to an airplane rather than a satellite best illustrates the impact of

D. perceptual set

photographs of people were rated more positively if the photos immediately followed a briefly flashing image of kittens. this best illustrates

D. priming

The adjustable opening in the center of the eye is the

D. pupil

The light sensitive inner surface of the eye containing the rods and cones, is the

D. retina

The most light-sensitive receptor cells are the

D. rods

because she was listening to the news on the radio, mrs schultz didn't perceive a word her husband was saying. her experience best illustrates

D. selective attention

you typically fail to consciously perceive that your own nose is in your line of vision. this best illustrates

D. selective attention

which of the following play the biggest role in our feeling dizzy and unbalanced after a thrilling roller coaster ride

D. semicircular canals

the process of receiving and representing stimulus energies through the nervous system is called

D. sensation

ALthough textbooks r=frequently cast a trapezoidal image on the retina, students typically perceive the books as rectangular objects this illustrates the importance of

D. shape constancy

the classic gate control suggest that pain is experienced when small nerve fibers activate and open neural gate in the

D. spinal cord

The perception that bugs bunny is hopping across a movie screen best illustrates

D. stroboscopic motion

the ability to pay attention to only one voice at a time is called

D. the cocktail party effect

The axon of ganglion cells converge to form

D. the optic nerve

Kinesthesis refers to the

D. the system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts

Brightness is to intensity as hue is to

D. wavelength

Brightness is to light as ________ is to sound.

b. loudness

Cones and rods are to vision as ________ are to audition.

d. hair cells

Why is transduction important to sensation?

d. it converts physical stimuli, such as light, into neural messages

The sense of smell is known as

d. olfaction

The mcgurk effect best illustrates

d. sensory interaction