Unit 5 AP US Gov

The Supreme Court case which used the principle of "one person, one vote", to order that state legislative districts should be as equal as possible was-

Baker v. Carr (1962).

21. If a member of the House is interested in being involved with creating tax policy, they would most likely want to be on the _______________Committee.

House Ways and Means

Brown v. the Board of Education (1954), would be an excellent example to use when explaining-

how decisions by the courts can impact public policy in the U.S.

Brown v. the Board of Education(1954), would be an excellent example to use when explaining-

how decisions by the courts can impact public policy in the United States.

Which of the following is generally NOT a factor that can influence a justices decision making?

impact on lower courts

The case of Marbury v. Madison (1803) is significant because-

it was the first time that the Supreme Court declared an act of Congress to be unconstitutional.

When President Jackson used jobs in the bureaucracy to reward political cronies he was contributing to the beginning of the-

spoils system.

Which of the following is not a factor that contributes to the incumbency advantage?

term limits

What did the decision of Lawrence v. Texas (2003) reveal about the Supreme Court?

the Court's ability to reflect societal changes through its decisions

Many of the implied powers of Congress are found in-

the Necessary and Proper Clause.

When a vacancy in one of the lower federal courts occurs, the President, by tradition, will consult with-

the U.S. Senators from that state.

When President Eisenhower called out the military to enforce the desegregation rulings of the Supreme Court, he was reflecting-

the acceptance of the Court as the key interpreter of the laws and the Constitution, and the responsibility of the executive branch to execute the laws.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the House of Representatives that is established by the Constitution?

4 year terms

The Constitutional establishment of the Judiciary occurs in-

Article III.

5. Why did Hamilton believe the judiciary would be the "least dangerous" of the three branches?

Because he believed they would have no ability to enforce or implement their decisions, and their power would be only to judge and interpret law.

Which of the following statements best describes the process of how a bill becomes a law?

Because of chamber-specific procedures, rules and roles that set the bar very high for building majority support, only a small percentage of proposed bills ever become law.

Once a bill has passed both bodies of Congress, it is sent to a ___________Committee, made up of representatives from both houses to resolve any differences in the two bills.

Conference

The ability to change the structure and jurisdiction of the federal courts, to reject judicial nominees, to rewrite laws to modify the impact of decisions, to withhold funding, and to amend the Constitution are ways that the _______________can check the power of the judiciary.

Congress

Which of the following was NOT a department created during the administration of President Washington?

Department of Agriculture

The diversity of the country is reflected in the Congress.

False

The incumbency advantage is typically stronger for members of the Senate than with the members of the House.

False

Which Federalist paper said that the key role of the court was in its " interpretation" of the law so as to protect people from unjust laws?

Federalist 78

Which of the following is not an impact of shorter terms in the House?

Incumbency is not a factor in House elections.

What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 do?

It established the framework of the federal court system which has remained mostly unchanged since it was established,

What is appellate jurisdiction?

It is when a court can hear a case on appeal from a lower court.

Which of the following men would lead the court for thirty-four years and is often credited with defining the modern Supreme Court and its powers?

John Marshall

The real power of the Senate resides is given to the -

Majority Leader

The case involving the establishment of a national bank, and which established the principle of national supremacy was-

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819).

After President Garfield was assassinated, the Congress passed the-

Pendleton Act, also known as the Civil Service Reform Act of 1883.

The nomination of justices, the filing of amicus briefs, and the role of the Solicitor General are all ways the ____________ can check and influence the judiciary.

President

The committee often referred to as the "Speakers Committee" which is responsible for controlling the floor debate and is the most powerful committee in the House is the ____________ Committee.

Rules

The two primary paths for a case to come to the Supreme Court are through the circuit courts in the federal system or from the-

Supreme Courts of the states.

Which of the following positions has the ability to assign bills to committee, control the floor debate and stands second in line behind the Vice President in the line of secession?

The Speaker of the House

Which of the following is not an example of the way that Congress exercises oversight?

The power of judicial review is used when Congress strikes down an executive action taken by the President.

Which of the following statements is not true about the jurisdiction of State Courts?

They hear cases that involve a federal question involving the Constitution or federal laws.

Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Jackson used what the author of our text called the "most significant check on the Supreme Court". What did these two Presidents do?

They ignored a Supreme Court ruling and refused to carry it out.

2. One of the main achievements of the U.S. federal court system is to protect the Constitution from other branches and the states. What is the other stated achievement?

To protect individual rights from oppression by society and the government.

An administrative group of non elected officials charged with carry out functions connected to policies and programs is the definition of-

a bureaucracy.

The ability to end a filibuster with a petition requiring at least 60 votes of the 100 Senators is called-

a cloture vote.

Senate rules, such as unlimited debate and the use of the filibuster, have resulted in-

a tendency for the Senate to moderate the more partisan legislation that comes from the House.

Why did Hamilton believe the judiciary would be the "least dangerous" of the three branches?

because he believed they would have no ability to enforce or implement their decisions, and their power would be only to judge and interpret law.

Like the British, the American system of laws are not written into one detailed and strict law-code, but instead it is also based on previous decisions and allows for judicial interpretation and decision-making. This system is referred to as a ___________ system.

common law

Like the British, the American system of laws are not written into one detailed and strict law-code, but instead they are also based on previous decisions and allow for judicial interpretation and decision-making. This system is referred to as a ___________ system.

common law

Which of the choices below is NOT a part of the process of becoming a Supreme Court Justice?

confirmation by the House of Representatives

Which of the following is NOT a type of opinion written after a case is decided?

consenting opinion

The facts of the case, the Constitution, relevant laws and precedent are four factors that-

constrain the judges and justices when deciding cases.

A member of Congress who see themselves as as empowered to merely enact the will of their constituents is following the-

delegate model of representation.

Representation in Congress that relates to the racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, or gender of the member and the way it reflects their constituency is called-

descriptive representation

Which of the following methods to bring money back to a state or district, was outlawed in the House after the Republicans took power in 2011?

earmarks

Congressional powers that are explicitly stated in the Constitution such as the power to tax, declare war and raise an army are referred to as ____________ powers.

enumerated

A justice who believes in the need to defend individual rights and liberties, and is likely to use their judicial power to broaden personal liberty is most likely to embrace which of the following judicial philosophies?

judicial activism

A justice who believes in deferring decisions and policy-making to the legislative branch and to focus on a narrower interpretation of the constitution, and is less apt to strike down laws as unconstitutional is reflecting which of the judicial philosophies?

judicial restraint

The power of the courts to look at actions taken by the other branches of government and the states, and to determine the constitutionality of those actions is known as the power of-

judicial review

One of the factors that some have argued, gives federal judges and justices too much power is the-

lifetime appointment

Although both parties have disavowed it, a test for ideological purity used to choose a judicial nominee is called a-

litmus test.

The idea that the government's selection, retention, and promotion of its employees would be based on open, competitive exams was a change from the old system to a new-

merit system.

Whether or not a justice is considered conservative or liberal, is a reflection of his or her-

political ideology

When a member of Congress attempts to act as a either a trustee or delegate, based on political calculations about which is best for their constituency, or the nation at large, they are using the-

politico model of representation.

Two methods used by members to help bring funding to their district or state, and to help get votes to pass legislation favorable to their constituents are called-

pork-barrel legislation and logrolling.

Which of the following was NOT one of the key ways President Wilson advocated separating politics from the public administration of the bureaucracy?

requiring a college education for all bureaucrats

What was the other reason for the growth of the bureaucracy in the 1800's?

the industrialization of the U.S.

The constitutional support for the bureaucracy is found in-

the president's power to appoint department heads as mentioned in Article 2 and the powers of Congress to establish a post office, build roads, regulate commerce and other powers enumerated in Article 1, Section 8.

Rules and procedures of the Senate and the House Differences in constituencies Gerrymandering and the creation of safe districts Differing constitutional responsibilities The influence of peers, caucuses, lobbyists and interest groups. All of the above are examples of factors that can have an influence on-

the process of policy-making and on the policymakers, in the Senate and the House.

Which of the following was one of the key developments that contributed to the growth of the bureaucracy in the 1800's?

the rise of party politics and the use of the spoils system

What is political patronage?

the use of state resources to reward individuals for political support

One of the main achievements of the U.S. federal court system is to protect the Constitution from other branches and the states. What is the other stated achievement?

to protect individual rights from oppression by society and the government

The commerce clause has been used to greatly expand the power of the federal government by claiming the right to regulate interstate and intrastate commerce. This clause was invoked in the case The Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States(1964) to-

uphold the power established by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to enforce civil rights in public accommodations.