unit 6
Which of the following was a common theme among nineteenth-century Utopian socialists?
Advocacy of social and economic planning
The decision of many Continental European governments to sponsor and subsidize industrial development in the nineteenth century is best explained by which of the following contexts?
Ongoing competition between nation-states for prestige and territory
Samuelson's study of Le Creusot is best explained by which of the following characteristics of the British Parliament at the time?
Parliament represented commercial and industrial interests.
Governments most directly dealt with the type of concerns expressed by Vleminckx in the report by doing which of the following?
Passing laws restricting the labor of women and children in mines and factories
The Concert of Europe, which existed between the Congress of Vienna and the outbreak of the Crimean War, operated as a
loose forum to achieve consensus among the major powers on foreign policy questions
A historian of nineteenth-century European society is most likely to use Image 2 as evidence that
many men feared that women's participation in the public sphere would undermine the established social order
The major reason for the pattern shown in the graph above is
parents' decision to have smaller families
Which of the following statements best reflects the ideas of Karl Marx?
A classless society will emerge at the end of the dialectical process
Which of the following best supports de Vries' argument?
Before the advent of the steam engine, a dense network of canals and roads had been built in Britain in response to the growing commercialization of agriculture and manufacturing.
Which of the following statements is accurate according to the graph?
Between 1880 and 1910 German industrial production rose from less than half of British production to a level greater than that of Great Britain and France combined
Based on your knowledge of nineteenth-century European history, which of the following best explains the use of gendered symbols such as the one seen in Isto's painting?
Bourgeois norms portrayed women as vulnerable and in need of men's protection.
Which of the following political developments in Britain was most directly a response to the labor conditions suggested by the data for 1850?
British Liberals' shift from laissez-faire to interventionist economic and social policies
Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the information depicted on the graph above?
Considerable fluctuations occurred within an overall downward trend in mortality.
The 1834 Zollverein (Prussian customs union) was designed to do which of the following?
Create an enlarged trading area
Which of the following contributed most to the overall trend represented on the maps?
The development of industrialized economies
Which of the following conclusions about the economic and political structure of Great Britain is best supported by the passage?
Despite changes brought about by industrialization, landed elites still retained significant power.
The disparity on the 1910 map between the eastern region of Europe and the western and central regions was primarily the result of which of the following?
Differences in landholding patterns and agricultural practices
Metternich would have been most in sympathy with the political philosophy of
Edmund Burke
Which of the following advocated an evolutionary, as opposed to a revolutionary, theory of Marxism?
Eduard Bernstein
Mekarska's criticisms in the first paragraph best reflect which of the following developments of the nineteenth century?
Expanding arguments against industrial capitalism
The changes in Russia described in the second paragraph most directly resulted in which of the following?
Expansion of urban centers in Russia
Marinetti's "scorn for woman" was most likely a reaction to which of the following?
Feminist agitation for greater political and social rights
Mekarska's discussion in the third paragraph best reflects the persistence of which of the following in nineteenth-century Europe?
Gender stereotypes and discrimination
The first European country to develop a state social welfare system was
Germany
The British Great Reform Act of 1832 did which of the following?
Increased the voting power of the middle class
Which of the following states a point on which the authors of the two sources would likely agree?
Industrialization had a profound effect on the lives of individual workers.
Which of the following was true of contraception in nineteenth-century Europe?
It was practiced by middle-class parents seeking a higher standard of living for their families.
Which of the following wrote the passage above?
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
Based on the passage, Cobden would most likely have been associated with which of the following nineteenth-century ideologies?
Liberalism
The quotation above is a formulation of the ideas of which of the following groups?
Luddites
The quotation above is from the writings of
Marx and Engels
Weber's argument linking Fascism and Jacobinism implies that he was influenced by which of the following?
Marxist materialist analysis of social change and historical development
The limitations of industrial development in Russia described by Stearns in the third paragraph were most UNLIKE conditions in which of the following countries in the same time period?
Prussia
Which of the following best explains Mudie's purpose in creating the organization described in the pamphlet?
Reformers sought to address problems created by the effects of industrialization.
Metternich likely expressed these sentiments in a letter to the tsar because of
Russia's strong support for the Concert of Europe after the Congress of Vienna
Which of the following best explains why Russia emerged as the leading supporter of the conservative political order established in 1815 ?
Russian society had been less influenced by Enlightenment thought than were other European states.
British popular newspapers of the period were most influential in which of the following?
Shaping opinion in the emerging sphere of mass politics
Which of the following is Metternich most strongly critiquing in his letter to the tsar?
Skepticism
Mudie's discussion of the purpose of education for the children in the cooperative is best explained by which of the following?
Social reformers drew on the influence of religious ideals in advocating for change.
Which of the following groups in the nineteenth century would advocate for goals most similar to those of the Equals?
Socialists
Which of the following first appeared as major industries in Europe between 1860 and 1914?
Steelmaking, chemicals, and petroleum
The transformation of Le Creusot described by Samuelson in the second paragraph was most directly facilitated by which of the following?
Support from the French government
Which of the following escaped the revolutionary outburst of 1848 ?
Sweden
For the late nineteenth and the twentieth century, which of the following best explains the relationship between the trends reflected in the two charts?
Technological changes in this period led to dramatic increases in industrial productivity.
Which of the following is an accurate description of the outcome of the Paris Commune?
The Commune was crushed by the French army
The passage provides evidence for which of the following features of Russian society?
The continued dominance of landowning elites
Which of the following resulted from the Russian Revolution of 1905 ?
The creation of the Duma
Which of the following best explains the movement of women into the teaching profession in the nineteenth century?
The education of children in schools was increasingly seen as a respectable occupation for women.
The changes in Russia described by the author in the first two paragraphs were most directly the result of which of the following?
The emergence of a more global economic network resulting from industrialization
The image provides evidence for which of the following social changes?
The expansion of voting rights to working-class men
Which of the following best summarizes the point of this 1842 cartoon about Great Britain's game laws?
The game laws are unjust and reflect outdated social distinctions.
Vleminckx' concern that women were becoming "extravagant" reflects bourgeois fears about which of the following?
The growing availability of cheap consumer goods during the Second Industrial Revolution
The eventual adoption of Cobden's ideas by the British government contributed most directly to which of the following developments in the late nineteenth century?
The growth of a global economic network
Vleminckx' perspective in the report best demonstrates which of the following social developments of the nineteenth century?
The growth of the cult of domesticity and the increased focus among the bourgeoisie on the nuclear family
Which of the following best explains how increases in agricultural productivity in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries created the conditions for industrialization in western Europe?
The increases freed up labor that was no longer needed to produce food.
Samuelson's characterization of the town of Le Creusot in 1836 in the second paragraph best illustrates which of the following developments?
The lag in industrialization of Continental Europe as compared with Great Britain
Based on the letter and its context, Metternich most clearly supported which of the following principles?
The maintenance of traditional social structures and values
The incentive for the development of large factories associated with England's early Industrial Revolution was primarily connected with which of the following?
The mechanization of the spinning process in the textile industry
Which of the following best describes the moral positions regarding industrialization expressed by each of the two sources?
The medical examiners see industrialization as unjustly oppressing and harming the workers, while Smiles sees it as uplifting the nation and its people.
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the two sources' arguments?
The medical examiners want the state to legislate on behalf of the workers, while Smiles does not want the state to intervene in labor relations.
Which of the following was the immediate cause of the revolutions that occurred in several major European cities in 1848 ?
The overthrow of Louis-Philippe of France
The map above best supports which of the following statements?
The population of industrial regions grew most rapidly.
The estate owner's admonition that the Tsar cannot give orders directly to the serfs is best understood in the context of which of the following?
The push by reformers to end serfdom
Which of the following best explains how the prior development of the putting-out system created the conditions for the early mechanization of the textile industry in Europe?
The putting-out system established a large and steady market demand for clothing.
Of the following, which was the central issue for nineteenth-century European advocates of women's rights?
The right of women to control their own property
A Marxist historian arguing against the contention regarding the sans-culottes in the first paragraph would likely cite which of the following as evidence?
The sans-culottes' identity as rooted in their socioeconomic status
The excerpt above most probably refers to the lack of representation in the House of Commons of which of the following?
The upper middle class span
Which of the following is accurate about late-nineteenth-century Socialist parties in western and central Europe?
They included members who. emphasized electoral success and participation in government.
Which of the following best explains the emphasis that many early-nineteenth-century conservative thinkers placed on the value of religious belief in maintaining social stability?
They were responding to the upheaval associated with attempts to supplant Christianity during the radical phase of the French Revolution.
Which of the following best describes the relationship of the western European working class to organized religion in the late nineteenth century?
Weakened, especially in highly industrialized areas
European liberals in the first half of the nineteenth century typically supported
a written constitution and wider suffrage
The persistence of the social and economic system illustrated by the passage contributed strongly to which of the following?
an increasing productivity gap between Russia and industrialized Europe
In The Communist Manifesto (1848), Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels asserted that
capitalism was a necessary stage of economic and social development
The Crystal Palace, shown above, was built in London in 1851 primarily as
celebration of British technological and economic dominance
As a result of the 1905 Revolution, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia agreed to
create a national legislative assembly
All of the following were part of Alexander II's (1855-1881) modernization of Russia EXCEPT the
creation of a constitution
All of the following contributed to the abolition of slavery by European states EXCEPT the
development of racial theories inspired by Darwinism
Before the First World War, European feminists such as the Pankhursts had all of the following goals EXCEPT
eliminating poll taxes
The growth in Europe's population in the late nineteenth century can be attributed primarily to
falling mortality rates
Mudie's discussion of the role of women in the cooperative was most likely intended to persuade his audience that
he supported greater economic freedom for women while maintaining traditional gender roles
The trend in typical working hours between 1850 and 1980 was an effect of all of the following EXCEPT
home-front economic mobilization during wartime
In the first half of the nineteenth century, which of the following was a field of employment that was exclusively male?
legal profession
Mekarska's advocacy for wage equality is best understood in the context of
the drive for greater political and legal rights for women
Compared with a historian espousing the more traditional view of the Industrial Revolution as a truly transformative event, de Vries would be more likely to emphasize the importance of all of the following EXCEPT
the greater ability of inventors to profit from their inventions due to government support
In the late nineteenth century, the ideals of family life and gender roles reflected in the two images underwent which of the following transformations?
the ideals were increasingly adopted by working-class families
A major goal of English Chartists in the 1840's was
the vote for all men
The repeal of the British Corn Laws in 1846 was most strongly opposed by
wealthy landowners
The Congress system of diplomacy in the early nineteenth century differed most strongly from the diplomatic arrangements in Europe during the period between the peace of Westphalia and the French Revolution in that members of the Congress system
were explicitly committed to intervening in other states to preserve existing regimes