unit 6 bio
What types of mutation would convert a proto-oncogene into an oncogene?
a mutaltion that greatly increases the amount of the proto oncogene protein
Analyze statements that best support the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis.
a mutation in a single gene can result in a defective protein
What characteristics best support using yeast cells instead of bacterial cells to express mammalian proteins via cloning?
they are eukaryotic cells
What functions are characteristic of general transcription factors in eukaryotes?
they bind to other proteins or the TATA box
A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5′-AGT-3′. What would be the corresponding codon for the mRNA that is transcribed?
3'-uca-5'
During the elongation phase of translation, which site in the ribosome represents the first location where a codon pairs with an anticodon?
A site
Which processes will occur at the exposed 3′ end of a tRNA molecule?
An amiono acid will bond covalently
Analyze statements that describe the effect of a nonsense mutation on a gene.
Analyze statements that describe the effect of a nonsense mutation on a gene.
If a researcher moves the promoter for the lac operon to the region between the beta galactosidase (lacZ) gene and the permease (lacY) gene, what would be the results?
Beta galacosidase will not be produced
The product of the bicoid gene in Drosophila is responsible for determining what embryonic features or structures during development?
Bicoid protein
RNA is single stranded, can hydrogen-bond with other nucleic acids, and has functional groups that can function in catalysis. These characteristics support that RNA could have what type of cellular roles?
Forming peptide bonds
What steps when splicing foreign DNA into a plasmid and inserting the plasmid into a bacterium?
III. Extract plasmid DNA from bacterial cells.IV. Hydrogen-bond the plasmid DNA to nonplasmid DNA fragments. II. Cut the plasmid DNA using restriction enzymes. IV. Hydrogen-bond the plasmid DNA to nonplasmid DNA fragments. V. Use ligase to seal plasmid DNA to nonplasmid DNA. I. Transform bacteria with recombinant DNA molecule.
Which processes correctly describe alternative RNA splicing?
It can allow the production of proteins of different sizes and functions from a single mRNA.
DNA → _________________ → Proteins
RNA
In eukaryotes, there are several different types of RNA polymerase. Which type is involved in transcription of mRNA for a protein?
RNA polymerase II
For a repressible operon to be transcribed, what conditions must occur?
RNA polymerase must bind to the promoter, and the repressor must be inactive
Describe the characteristics of siRNA.
a double-stranded RNA one of whose strands can complement and inactivate asequence of mRNA
Be able to analyze mutations and their probable harmful effects on an organism.
a single mutation can have a large effect, but in many cases, evolutionary change is based on the accumulation of many mutation with small effects
The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is ________.
complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon
If a mutation deactivated a regulatory gene of a repressible operon in an E. coli cell, describe the most likely outcome.
continuous transcription of the structural gene controlled by that that repressor
What results are most likely to occur if acetylation of histone tails in the chromatin of embryonic cells is increased?
derceased chromatin condensation
When attempting to introduce a particular fragment of DNA into the genome of an animal cell, what method would be used?
electropration followed by recombination
DNA methylation and histone acetylation are examples of what processes?
epigenic phenomena
What is the function of the release factor during translation in eukaryotes?`````
it binds to the stop codon in the a site in place of a tRNA
What characteristics of Taq polymerase make it useful in the PCR process?
it is heat stable and can withstand the heating step of pcr
What amino acid sequence will be generated based on the following mRNA codon sequence? 5′-AUG-UCU-UCG-UUA-UCC-UUG-3′
met - ser - ser - leu - ser- leu
What outcomes could be achieved using RNAi methodology?
reduction in protein expression from a gene of intreast
What molecule is a protein produced by a regulatory gene?
repressor
What characteristics must be present for a cell to be considered differentiated?
specialized cells with limited or no ability to transofrm into other cell types
The cloning of Dolly the sheep is an example of what processes?
stomatic cell nucleer transfer
What characteristics of Taq polymerase make it useful in the PCR process?
the dna sequence of the ends of the dna to be amplified must be known
In eukaryotes, what is the first step in translation?
the subunits of the ribosomes reconize and attach near the 5' cap of mRNA
Under what conditions does the trp repressor block transcription of the trp operon?
when tryptophan is present