Unit 6 New World Vocab History

Joint Stock Companies

(Jamestown, Virginia) Investors pooled their money together to establish American colonies and usually faced minimal monetary losses because of the large number involved in the investment

Fresco

A painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water based paints.

Mestizos

A person of mixed European and Native American Indian descent.

Europe's Commercial Revolution

All of the following contributed to - Emerging middle class Rise of capitalism Sailing innovations

Maya

Astronomy - observe the movement of the sun, moon and stars and relate these to the activities of their gods. Mathematics - 260 day religious calendar and concept of zero. Architectural engineering - elaborate pyramids, temples and ball courts

Inca

Astronomy - two separate calendars for the day and night. Mathematics - accounting device know as a quipu (knotted strings); decimal system incorporated in system of governing. Architectural engineering - elaborate temples and palaces Machu Picchu, extensive road system, uniform system of architecture for government buildings in the empire.

Aztec

Astronomy and mathematics - ceremonial calendar Architectural engineering - Tenochtitlan designed as a planned city constructed on an island with raised causeways to the mainland Aqueducts to bring fresh water to city, elaborate temples, palaces and pyramids

Early Western Civilizations

Aztec, Inca and Maya civilizations

Ottoman Empire

Eastern Europe: Constantinople conquered in 1453 and renamed Istanbul Suleiman's advances into Hungary and Austria in 1525 but expansion stopped with the Siege of Vienna in 1529 Global trade Caravanseri (roadside inns) network: assured safety for traveling merchants and envoys Naval trade in spices, wheat, and lumber throughout the Mediterranean, Aegean, Black and Red Seas and the Persian Gulf

Exploration

In the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries, Europeans began to sail west across the Atlantic Ocean in search of new routes to China and the East.

Atlantic Slave Trade

Result of - A depopulation of certain African areas due to the slave trade. A growth of plantation agriculture, especially in the southern colonies A diffusion of ideas among Caribbean, African and Latin American cultures

European Exploration of the Americas

Result of - North America became colonized. The Columbian Exchange - exchange of goods between the old and new country. Large trade networks developed. Europeans were motivated to explore and colonize because they were seeking economic opportunities.

Trade

The act or process of buying, selling or exchanging goods and/or services within a country or between countries.

Columbian Exchange

The global transfer of foods, plants and animals during the European colonization of the Americas. The Columbian Exchange had both positive and negative effects.

Hernan Cortes

Was a Spanish Conquistador (commander) who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire (Central American Native population).

Global Trade During the Ming Dynasty

While the Ming Dynasty voyages were limited, they brought great wealth to China.