Unit 6

Method of overcoming fears by pairing a pleasing stimulus with a feared one: A. counter-conditioning B. systematic desensitization C. classical conditioning D. spontaneous recovery

A. counter-conditioning

Form of learning based on the consequences of actions: A. operant conditioning B. systematic desensitization C. taste aversion D. classical conditioning

A. operant conditioning

Stimulus that encourages a behavior by meeting an organism's basic biological needs: A. primary reinforcer B. conditioned stimulus C. secondary reinforcer D. taste aversion

A. primary reinforcer

Revival of an extinguished response: A. spontaneous recovery B. conditioned stimulus C. secondary reinforcer D. taste aversion

A. spontaneous recovery

Stimulus that causes an automatic response: A. taste aversion B. unconditioned stimulus C. conditioned stimulus D. primary reinforcer

B. unconditioned stimulus

What part of the brain fires when performing a certain action, and/or observing a certain action? a. aversion b. pre-frontal lobes c. monkey genes d. mirror neurons

d. mirror neurons

When a conditioned response stops occurring: A. counter-conditioning B. discrimination C. extinction D. secondary reinforcer

C. extinction

Act of responding in the same way to stimuli that seems similar: A. systematic desensitization B. discrimination C. generalization D. flooding

C. generalization

Method that involves relaxation and gradual exposure to a feared stimulus: A. operant conditioning B. discrimination C. systematic desensitization D. primary reinforcer

C. systematic desensitization

Which pioneering learning researcher showed the anti-social effects of aggressive models on children's behavior? a Bandura b. Pavlov c. Watson d. Skinner

a. Bandura

Alfred Bandura showed that we acquire knowledge by observing & imitating others. This is called: a. modeling b. partial reinforcement c. flooding d. counter-conditioning

a. modeling

People who watch a lot of violence on TV are more likely to be violent in part because of: a. observational learning b. classical conditioning c. negative reinforcement d. d. systematic desensitization

a. observational learning

The process by which a stimulus increases the chances of a preceding behavior occurring again is called: a. reinforcement b. extinction c. flooding d. systematic auto-desensitization

a. reinforcement

Classical conditioning can be applied to help overcome fears using the method of: a. flooding b. systematic desensitization c. counter-conditioning d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Most psychologists suggest that physical punishment is not the best way to deal with a problem because it... a. may cause children to learn to hit b. may cause a child to run away c. does not teach the correct way to act d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Eduardo is trying to get a couch through the front door, but is having problems. He stops, stares at the couch, then the door, and suddenly realizes that he needs to turn the couch a different way. When he does so, the couch fits easily through the door. Which type of learning explains Eduardo's solution to his problem? a. latent learning b. operant conditioning c. classical conditioning d. insight

d. insight

Psychologist E.C. Tolman did experiments on rats that showed: a. the success of the Skinner Box b. how classical conditioning works c. the effectiveness of negative reinforcement d. that reinforcement is not always necessary for learning

d. that reinforcement is not always necessary for learning

Selling door to door...the number of "doorbell ringing behavior" will hopefully be rewarded after a variable number of rings: a. fixed-interval b. variable-interval c. fixed-ratio d. variable-ratio

d. variable-ratio

Act of responding differently to stimuli that are NOT similar: A. taste aversion B. discrimination C. classical conditioning D. secondary reinforcer

B. discrimination

Exposing a person to harmless stimulus until fear is extinguished: A. spontaneous recovery B. flooding C. counter-conditioning D. extinction

B. flooding

A conditioned response occurs... a. automatically b. as a result of pairing an unconditioned stimulus with a conditioned stimulus c. after extinction d. as a result of all of the above

b. as a result of pairing an unconditioned stimulus with a conditioned stimulus

Vicente goes to a meeting in New Orleans and tries some oysters at the oyster bar. He likes the taste and eats quite a few. Soon he becomes very ill with an upset stomach. Now, even the thought of oysters makes him nauseous. What is the unconditioned response? a. oysters b. becoming ill c. bad oysters d. throwing up

b. becoming ill

The first time Kelly went to the mall, she had problems finding her way around, but after several visits, she finds it very easy to get where she is going. Kelly has... a. insight into the layout of the mall b. developed a cognitive map of the mall c. experienced observational learning d. experienced social learning

b. developed a cognitive map of the mall

Wolfgang Kohler considered a chimpanzee's sudden solving of a problem evidence of: a. instinct b. insight c. learning set d. spontaneous recovery

b. insight

It's a very hot summer day and Viva is sweating in her apartment. She turns on the air conditioning and right away her apartment gets cooler. Because Viva is now more likely to turn on the AC when she is hot to reduce her discomfort, this is an example of: a. positive reinforcement b. negative reinforcement c. punishment d. positive punishment

b. negative reinforcement

The process of learning to ride a bicycle is an example of: a. classical conditioning b. shaping c. flooding d. latent learning

b. shaping

A conditioned response may be extinguished when: a. similar stimuli causes the same response b. stimuli that are not similar to each other causes a different response c. a conditioned stimulus is no longer followed followed by an unconditioned stimulus d. the conditioned response is no longer paired with an unconditioned response

c. a conditioned stimulus is no longer followed followed by an unconditioned stimulus

Ivan Pavlov's experiments with dogs yielded information about: a. operant conditioning b. counter conditioning c. classical conditioning d. all of the above

c. classical conditioning

Which of the following is NOT a technique of operant conditioning: a. programmed learning b. shaping c. counter-conditioning d. classroom discipline

c. counter-conditioning

In John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner's experiment, "Little Albert" began to fear all objects that were white and furry because of: a. discrimination b. systematic desensitization c. generalization d. all of the above

c. generalization