Unit 7 Questions

Which of the following statements is false about psychologist Edward Thorndike's halo effect?

Judgements people make about others based on their perceptions of one part of them are really accurate.

Cece went for a walk in the park. Along one of the hiking trails, she spotted a $20 bill on the ground. No one was around to claim it. What would her superego tell her to do?

Leave the money right where it is. The owner will realize it's missing and come back for it.

How did Alfred Adler believe a pampering parenting style could affect the inferiority complex?

Make it worse by leaving children unsure of themselves or insecure in their abilities to take care of things.

Who started the self-esteem movement?

Nathaniel Branden.

Lynette feels socially inept and has a constant fear of being shamed or rejected by others. As a result, she avoids interacting in social situations and is reserved in her close relationships. This is an example of a _____.

Personality disorder.

Jessica dislikes it when people are not treated fairly. As Jessica knows this about herself, it is part of her _____.

Self-concept.

All of the following are components of Carl Roger's idea of self-concept except...

Self-discipline.

Who was the individual who affected Jung's works greatly but whom he also had a rift with when Jung began to formulate his own ideas and theories?

Sigmund Freud.

A runner who trains twice as hard after suffering a big loss in a race is experiencing _____.

Sublimation.

Personality traits that are innate make up a person's _____.

Temperament.

Which of these is a theory that pre-dates Jung's theories?

The Id.

Tommy has a strong sense of morality. According to Freud, this would indicate he has worked through which of the following feelings?

The Oedipus Complex, or sexual desire for his mother and desire to kill his father.

What is one way the ego is different from the id and superego?

The ego is fully conscious, while the id and superego are unconscious.

A therapist notes that their patient, a man in his mid-thirties, is fearful of new experiences. Which of the following is a likely assessment of the patient?

The patient has high levels of inhibition.

Carl Rogers' therapy included emphasis on all of the following except...

Therapist-driven answers.

Which of the following is an example of how a person would behave if their id went unchecked?

A person admires roses in a neighbor's yard, so he cuts them and takes them home.

Calvin is a singer who gets anxious when speaking to large groups. However, once he starts singing, he immediately feels confident and calm. His transient anxiety in front of large groups is an example of which of the following?

A state.

Which of the following is an example of the halo effect?

A team lead is interviewing a candidate who is extremely beautiful. He just knows that she will be the right fit for the company and a great addition to his team.

A therapist who shows unconditional positive regard will...

Accept and respect the client regardless of the client's mistakes.

What is the relationship between real challenges and increased self-esteem?

Accomplishing something difficult builds self-esteem.

What is the psychological term for 'feelings'?

Affect.

The psychologist who introduced the idea of the inferiority complex was named _____.

Alfred Adler.

According to Freud, someone who compulsively bites their nails might have experienced which of the following as a young child?

An overly restrictive breastfeeding schedule.

It would be very important to have knowledge of someone's _____ in order to judge that person's personality based on physiognomy.

Appearance.

Humanistic psychology suggests that people...

Are fundamentally good.

How would someone who was irritable be viewed in light of the humorism of the ancient Greeks?

As having an excess of yellow bile.

Why did Alfred Adler feel the best parenting style was a balance between pampering and neglectful?

Children are provided with safety but allowed to get hurt from time to time.

The results of the self-esteem movement were mixed at best. Which of the following supports the dubious value of the self-esteem movement?

Children put less effort into accomplishing tasks.

Which of the following is part of the human psyche?

Collective unconscious.

Which of these includes archetypes?

Collective unconscious.

A person who failed a class but tells people he got an A is experiencing denial. Why is this an unproductive way of dealing with disappointment?

Denial is unproductive because it is a refusal to accept reality.

When a person who is rude appears to be less attractive, even though he is not really less attractive, this is known as the _____ effect.

Devil.

A man who yells at his dog when he's upset with his girlfriend is experiencing _____.

Displacement.

A personality trait is considered to be _____.

Enduring.

A star athlete who thinks he isn't talented is...

Experiencing incongruence.

Which of the following best explains the impact of Freud's theories of psychosexual development?

Freud's theories help us understand how personal biases affect our understanding of psychology.

Why might someone in Japan want to know your blood type if they are curious about your personality?

In Japan, some people associate blood types with personality types, for instance type B blood is associated with optimism.

How does the reality principle work?

It interprets the desires of the id and superego and puts them into actions.

Adrian is the oldest child in a family of two boys. From the time he was born, Adrian was pampered. During the first couple years of his life, it was determined that Adrian was extremely bright, and his parents worked to give him every opportunity to encourage his creativity and learning. When his brother, Gary, was born, he was neglected by his parents. According to Alfred Adler, how might this neglected child feel?

Fearful and mistrustful.

In family studies, the proband refers to the _____.

First person being studied.

Trying to understand people's personalities by looking at what is unique to each individual is called the _____ approach.

Idiographic.

Starting in infancy, the belief that we are not as good as others is known as a/an _____.

Inferiority complex.

Phrenology associates personality and character traits with parts of the _____.

Skull.

The teacher asks her student, Isaac, to read a book in front of his second grade class. He stands in front of the class and reads the book fluently. What would be the BEST response from his teacher?

'Let me get you a harder book.'

Richard was an award-winning salesman for many years. At the end of last year, he was laid off, and he has not been able to find a suitable replacement position yet. He used to pride himself on supporting his family, and he is struggling with how he is going to provide for their needs in the future. Richard is having issues with what aspect of his self-concept?

Competent self.

Researchers plan a study to find the proportion of identical twins that both suffer from depression. This is an example of the researchers determining the _____.

Concordance rate.

How do blind taste tests help to break through the halo effect in marketing?

Consumers are forced to choose between products based on taste instead of companies' reputations.

A statistic for measuring how much a trait in one twin compares or contrasts with the same trait in the other twin is the _____.

Correlation coefficient.

Looking for common patterns in people's personalities is called the _____ approach.

Nomothetic.

A person who 'accidentally' deletes a coworker's presentation because the coworker forgot their lunch date is expressing _____.

Passive agression.

_____ are a person's usual ways of thinking, behaving and feeling.

Personality traits.

According to Freud, the phases of psychosexual development establish our _____.

Personality.

The combination of traits that makes a person unique is his or her...

Personality.

How have twin studies proven to be beneficial?

Researchers can determine the difference between environmental and genetic factors.

Jessica has a deep love for God. When she hears stories of individuals being persecuted for their faith, she finds herself becoming very upset. It often ruins her entire day, and she may be unable to refocus and get back on track because she is so upset. Her motives behind her actions are a direct reflection of her _____.

Self-understanding.

Prevailing theories in psychology suggest that the main factors influencing our personalities include all of the following except which one?

Strangers.

What is the degree to which a child seeks out stimulation called?

Surgency.

The ancient Greeks believed the human body was made up of four substances, called humors. Which of the following was NOT one of these humors?

Water.

In self-understanding, the _____ is tied to a person's deep down feelings and motivations and how he wants to react to them, while the _____ is the part of a person that is about understanding and obeying the rules of society.

I; me.

The Minnesota Twin Study found that _____.

Identical twins raised apart are about as similar as those raised together.

According to the self-esteem movement, which behavior would be something that parents and teachers should do?

Giving the child lots of praise.

When an individual allows a positive belief about one part of a person to influence his opinion about all of the other parts of that person, this is known as the _____.

Halo effect.

How is George Valliant important to the study of Freudian defense mechanisms?

He added defense mechanisms to the list and classified them into levels.

According to Freud, how might parents being overly demanding during toilet training affect a person's development?

He might become obsessed with control and order.

Which of the following describes Freud's legacy?

He provided a model for thinking about personalities.

Rachel used to be physically fit. Then she experienced a major health crisis, which left her with mobility issues. Rachel is now unable to stand or walk for any length of time, and she has lost a good deal of her muscle mass due to her sedentary lifestyle. This is now part of Rachel's _____ self of her self-concept.

Physical.

Nomothetic psychologists measure personality via...

Psychometrics.

Psychologists who believe in the idiographic approach do NOT measure a person's personality traits using...

Psychometrics.

_____ is the degree to which an infant reacts to stimuli.

Reactivity.

Which of the following is one of the four functions of personality, according to Jung's theory of personality?

All are functions.