Unit 8 (Memory)

short-term

After Maya gave her friend the password to a protected website, the friend was able to remember it only long enough to type it into the password box. In this instance, the password was clearly stored in her ___________ memory.

the misinformation effect

After Teresa was verbally threatned by someone in a passing car, she was asked whether she recognized the man who was driving the car. Several hours later, Teresa mistakenly recalled that the driver was a male rather than a female. Teresa's experience best illustrates

anterograde amnesia

After suffering a brain injury in a motorcycle accident, Arotza cannot form new memories. he can, however, remember events before the accident. Arotza's memory difficulty most clearly illustrates

retrograde amnesia

Although Maria can encode and consciously recall new information, she is unable to consciously recall events that happened prior to the brain damage that she suffered as an adolescent. Maria's memory difficulty most clearly illustrates

motivated forgetting

Although Ron typically smokes two packs of cigarettes a day, he recalls smoking little more than a pack a day. This poor memory best illustrates

nondeclarative

Another term for implicit memory is ________ memory.

the serial position effect

At a block party, Cyndi is introduced to eight new neighbors. Moments later, she remembers only the names of the first three and last two neighbors. Her experience illustrates

drunk; drunk

Information learned while a person is ________ is best recalled when that person is _________.

context-dependent memory

Julie most accurately recalls information learned in her history classroom when her recall is tested in the very same classroom. This best illustrates

flashbulb

Many people can easily recall exactly what they were doing when they first learned of the death of a close friend or family member. This best illustrates _________ memory.

effortful processing

Mentally rehearsing the glossary definitions of unfamiliar terms in order to remember them for a later test illustrates

explicit memory and implicit memory

Mr. Nydam suffers amnesia and is unable to remember playing golf several times each week on a particular course. Yet the more he plays the course, the more his game improves. His experience illustrates the need to distinguish between

repression

Mrs. McBride can't consciously recall how frequently she criticises her children because it would be too anxiety-arousing to do so. Sigmund Freud would have suggested that her poor memory illustrates

in the middle of the list

On the phone, Dominic rattles off a list of 10 grocery items for Kyoko to bring home from the store. Immediately after hearing the list, Kyoko attempts to write down the items. She is most likely to forget the items

short-term

Passing an electric current through the brain during electroconvulsive therapy is most likely to disrupt ________ memory.

interference

People should avoid back-to-back study times for learning Spanish and French vocabulary in order to minimize

hippocampus

What is central to the processing of procedural memories?

a mental image of one's best friend

What is most likely to be stored as an implicit memory?

How well does the word describe you?

What question about the word depressed would best prepare you to correctly remember tomorrow that you had seen the word on this quiz?

automatic processing

When you hear familiar words in your native language, it is virtually impossible not to register the meanings of the words. This best illustrates the importance of

mood-congruent memory

Whenever Valerie experiences intense feelings of fear, she is overwhelmed with childhood memories of her abusive parents. Valerie's experience best illustrates

long-term potentiation

Which of the following is believed to be the synaptic basis for learning and memory?

retrieval failure

While taking the final exam in American history, Marie was surprised and frustrated by her momentary inability to remember the name of the current president of the United States. Her difficulty most clearly illustrates

priming

Activating memories of your childhood by forming vivid mental images of various locations in your childhood home best illustrates

chunking

Combining individual letters into familiar words enables you to remember more of the letters in this sentence. This best illustrates the value of

amygdala

Conscious memories of emotionally stressful events are especially likely to be facilitated by activation of the

basal ganglia

Damage to the _________ would most likely interfere with a person's memory of how to play the piano.

cerebellum

Damage to the __________ would most likely interfere with learning a conditioned fear response to the sight of a dog who had bitten you on several occasions

proactive interference

During her evening Spanish language exam, Janica so easily remembers the French vocabulary she studied that morning that she finds it difficult to recall the Spanish vocabulary she rehearsed that afternoon. Her difficulty best illustrates

a mnemonic technique

Employing the single word HOMES to remember the names of North America's five Great Lakes best illustrates the use of

hippocampus

Having read a story once, certain amnesia victims will read it faster the second time even though they can't recall having seen the story before. They have most likely suffered damage to the

priming

Hearing the word "rabbit" may lead people to spell the spoken word "hair" as "h-a-r-e." This best illustrates the outcome of a process known as

working

Researchers now recognize the active information processing that occurs in short-term memory and refer to it as ________ memory.

source amnesia

Several months after watching a science fiction movie about spaceship travel and alien abductions, Steve began to remember that he had been abducted by aliens and personally subjected to many of the horrors portrayed in the movie. His mistaken recall best illustrates

stress hormones

The amygdala boosts activity in the brain's memory-forming areas when stimulated by

storage decay

The gradual fading of the physical memory trace contributes to

retrieval cues

The happier Judie is, the more readily she recalls positive life experiences. This best illustrates that emotional states can become

encoding

The inability to remember how the side with Lincoln's head appears on a penny is most likely due to a failure in

mood-congruent memory

The recall of sad experiences is often primed by feelings of sadness. This most clearly illustrates

long-term potentiation

The receptor sites of receiving neurons have been observed to increase following

deep processing

The semantic processing of the words in a short poem illustrates