Unit 8 Motivation and Emotion

catharsis hypothesis

an emotional release relieving aggressive urgers EX: "kicking the dog", domestic violence

Janelle tries to smile at parties so other people will think she is having a good time. As it turns out Janelle usually has more fun at parties when she remembers to smile. This is likely an example of which of the following concepts?

facial feedback hypothesis

How do we deal with stress?

general adaptation syndrome (GAS) (1) alarm (2) resistence (3) exhaustion

Task leadership is _____________ oriented.

goal

Social leadership is _________ oriented.

group

The concept of a set point best illustrates an explanation of motivation in terms of:

homeostasis

Some students work hard in school in order to attain high grades. This best illustrates the importance of:

incentives

After spending years in the ocean, a mature salmon swims up its home river to return to its birthplace. This behavior is an example of:

instinct

What is the difference between intristic and extristic achievements?

intristic = internal rewards extristic = external rewards

The Yerkes-Dodson Law states that

moderate levels of arousal are best for performance on most tasks and graphs as an inverted U.

Is sexual orientation nature or nurture?

nature

An individual's income level, social status, education level, family support system, and health are all measures of:

objective well being

While walking, Ms Fenton saw a large (enormous) dog running full speed towards her and experienced fear. After it became clear that the dog was not going to attack she experienced relief. Which emotion theory best explains this event?

opponent process

While their accuracy is not good polygraphs are still occasionally used. They work to identify when individuals are lying by measuring:

physiological changes such as heart rate and perspiration.

Beginning with the most basic needs, which of the following represents the correct sequence of needs in the hierarchy described by Maslow?

physiological; safety; belongingness and love; esteem; self-fulfillment

Which area of the brain is most closely associated with the voluntary control that individuals are able to execute over their emotions?

prefrontal cortex

According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law, what level of arousal is best for difficult tasks?

slightly lower

Your ventromedial hypothalamus tells your body to...

stop eating

distress

"bad stress"; stressful events that lead to destructive/negative things

eustress

"good stress"; stressful events that lead to productive/positive things

Emotions are...

(1) behavioral reactions (2) conscious feelings (3) physiological reactions

What are the 3 C's to coping with stress?

(1) commitment (2) challenge (3) control

What are the four stages of the sexual response cycle?

(1) excitement (2) plateau (3) orgasm (4) refractory period

What are the 3 things that motivate us?

(1) hunger (2) sex (3) achievement

According to Maslow's theory:

(1) needs are satisfied in a specificed order (2) the most basic motives are based on physiological needs (3) the highest motives relate to self-actualization

What were the Kinsey studies?

A study of 18,000 college students that observed sexual relations; observed that 1/2 of women had premarital sex.

Terrance's girlfriend showed up at band practice and presented him with flowers. Terrance experienced the emotion of joy and the associated physiological reaction at the same time. Which emotion theory best explains what happened to Terrance?

Cannon-Bard theory

Which theory initially criticized the James-Lange theory because bodily reactions for many emotions are too similar for the brain to automatically determine emotion based on that alone and that our emotional reactions are often faster than our physiological reactions?

Cannon-Bard theory

Zach is camping and hears a rustling in the woods near his tent. He begins to sweat, and breathe more quickly. What is happening?

His sympathetic nervous system is activated.

What were some of the problems with the Kinsey studies?

It assumed sexual behavior and the sample was very bias towards college students.

Nora uses an asthma inhaler. One of the side effects of the medicine is that it makes her heart beat faster. When this happens Nora often feels anxious, even though there is nothing to feel anxious about. Nora's reaction to her inhaler is best predicted by ___________________ of emotion.

James-Lange theory

Who created the sexual response cycle?

Masters and Johnson

Which emotional theory states that emotion is the result of both physiological arousal and the conscious act of cognitively labeling the experience with an emotion?

Schachter-Singer theory

What is a good description of the concept of flow?

The workday seeming to pass by quickly.

feel-good, do-good phenomenon

a tendency to help others more often when in a good mood

The arousal theory of motivation would be most useful for understanding the aversive effects of:

boredom

Sixteen-year-old Jill loves ice cream and other rich foods, but she has become increasingly anxious about gaining too much weight. Jill frequently overeats and then intentionally vomits in an attempt to control her weight. Jill most clearly suffers from:

bulimia nervousa

Those who view their work as a fulfilling and socially useful activity are said to view work as a

calling

Which of the following events would most likely cause an animal to overeat and become obese?

destruction of its ventomedial hypothalamus

When the boss's annoying favorite assistant fell down during the office talent show (he was not hurt), everyone found it hilarious but few dared to laugh because it is not considered appropriate in that situation. This is an example of:

display rules

An aroused or activated state that is often triggered by physiological need is called a:

drive

Your lateral hypothalamus tells your body to...

eat

Miguella was born both blind and deaf and lives in the United States. Despite her disabilities, she still expresses joy, anger, and pleasure using the same facial expressions as others without disabilities. This example provides:

evidence that some basic emotions are innate.

After receiving a big raise, Maurice stops at the grocery store to pick up dinner. On his way out girl scouts selling cookies approach him. Although Maurice does not particularly like Girl Scout cookies, and has not bought them in over 10 years, he buys 6 boxes. Which of the following best explains his behavior?

feel good, do good phenomenon

After studying artists who would spend hour after hour painting or sculpting with enormous concentration, Csikszentmihalyi formulated the concept of:

flow

Need is to __________ as drive is to _________.

food deprivation; hunger

Ashley's brother jumps in front of her and yells "Boo!" and she screams before she realizes who it is. Ashley's scream response is likely the result of:

the low road of fear

relative deprivation

the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself EX: "the grass is always greener"

A therapist tells a patient who is afraid of elevators that his rapid breathing while on an elevator is not due to fear but is a natural consequence of too little oxygen in a small, enclosed space. With this new interpretation of his arousal, the patient no longer dreads elevators. The reduction in the patient's fear is best understood in terms of the:

two-factor theory

Smiles are a _________ expression.

universal

Theory X (extristic)

workers are lazy, error-prone and motivated by money; need to be supervised

Theory Y (intristic)

workers are motivated by self-esteem and the ability to top show their creativity; given challenges and freedom