unit 8

The stream noted by the Drainage Basin placemark is part of which of the following drainage basins?

Congo

Which of the five placemarked locations in the Swamps folder would be properly classified as a marsh rather than a swamp?

D

Which of the placemarked locations in the Reservoirs folder is not a human-made reservoir?

D

Which of the five placemarks in the Mountain Ice folder represents mountain ice?

E

Which of the following major bodies of water has the highest human impact, as indicated by the data in the Human Impacts folder?

East China Sea

Why did the city of Las Vegas, Nevada, introduce aggressive water conservation programs?

Most of the water for the city comes from Lake Mead, and its capacity has dropped to less than half of what it had in 1998.

Why has the Aral Sea lost 90 percent of its water over the last 40 years?

The Aral Sea has lost 90 percent of its water because the rivers that feed the Aral Sea have been diverted for cotton production over the past 40 years.

Which of the following statements is best supported by the evidence in the Depth folder?

The Arctic Ocean is generally the shallowest of the world's four major ocean basins.

Which of the following statements is best supported by the images and data in the Great Man-made River folder?

The Great Man-made River has led to the construction of two large reservoirs northwest of Suluq.

How does the average daily water consumption per person in the United States compare to other countries?

The United States is the leading per person consumer of water in the world.

Which of the following statements is best supported by the data in the NSIDC folder?

The fall sea ice in Antarctica generally maintains a 160 km buffer around the Antarctic landmass.

Which of the following statement is best supported by the evidence in the Greenland Surface Melt folder?

The maximum annual melt extent trended steadily higher from 1979 to 2007.

Which of the following statements is best supported by the evidence in the imagery and data in the Aral Sea folder?

The primary feeder streams for the Aral Sea entered from the south and east.

How have issues related to water availability affected management of water in the Great Lakes?

The states containing the lakes have banned the export of water outside the region, even to other U.S. states.

How does the water table change around a pumping water well?

The water table elevation *decreases*

Based on the data in the Aquifer Rock Type folder, what rock type dominates the Ogallala (High Plains) aquifer?

Unconsolidated sand and gravel

What will be the status of future water availability in the United States if water consumption trends continue as they have been?

Water availability may become a crisis as the demand for water is greater than the supply.

Based on the general circulation pattern shown in the Current Labels folder, which of the following currents is most likely a cold-water current?

West Australia

Most of the north Polar region is covered by ________.

ice pack

Most of the surface of the Arctic Ocean is covered by ________ ice.

pack

Chronic water shortages today are mainly caused by __________.

population pressures

What is the cone of depression?

the shape that the water table takes on near a pumping well

Water moving in response to salinity differences is part of the thermohaline circulation.

true

When will a cone of depression stop enlarging?

when the amount of water flowing toward the well equals the amount of water being pumped out of the well

When might a well, Well A, go dry?

when the cone of depression of a second well intersects the deepest part of Well A

Why is Lake Chad one-tenth of its former size?

Lake Chad is one-tenth of its former size today because of drought and overuse.

Which of the locations in the Oceanic Ice folder would be considered an ice shelf?

A

Where does settling of solids occur at a wastewater treatment facility?

clarifier

Which of the placemarked locations in the Irrigation folder is the most likely to utilize pumped groundwater for irrigation?

A - Arizona

We will explore the distribution of continents and land using latitude as a key parameter. Every point on Earth can be identified by its latitude and longitude. The latitude of the equator is 0°, the north pole is 90°N, and the south pole is 90°S. To familiarize yourself with the following figures: On the map, find the equator and follow this line from left to right. Note that it crosses the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans and crosses long lengths of continents. Find the latitude line of 60°N (it begins near Alaska) and follow it across the map. Note how there is much more land area along this latitude. Now look at the graph and find the same latitude lines (0 and 60°N). You can see that the graph demonstrates that there is much more ocean area along the equator. Review the graph and map. The graph points to latitude belts. Label each of these latitude belts with its correct description. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.

*top to bottom* North Hemisphere latitude belt where there is about 10 millon square kilometers of land area North Hemisphere latitude belt there is more land than water Southern Hemisphere latitude belt where there is about 5 million Latitude belt where there is no land at all

The largest ice shelf on Earth approximates ________ square kilometers.

100,000

About how long have wastewater treatment plants been in existence?

120 years

What percent of the Earth's water is freshwater?

2.5%

Imagine you are an oceanographer using an echo sounder on a research vessel. Can you determine the water depth based on the amount of time it takes a sound pulse to travel to the ocean floor, reflect off the ocean bottom, and bounce back up to the recorder on the vessel? For this problem, the signal takes 6 seconds to strike the bottom and return to the recorder. Assume that the speed of sound waves in the water is 1500 meters per second.

4500 meters

The oceans contain approximately ________ percent of all water on Earth.

97

Which of the following statements is best supported by the evidence presented in the Groundwater and Ogallala layers?

Groundwater is monitored along many streams and rivers such as the Mississippi, Arkansas, and Snake.

What would be the consequences of Lake Mead's water level dropping to a surface elevation of below 1,050 feet?

Hoover Dam would no longer be able to produce hydroelectric power.

Based on the data in the Human Impacts folder, which of the following statements is not supported?

In terms of impacts near Italy, the Tyrrhenian Sea has relatively higher levels of impacts compared to the Adriatic.

Which of the following is NOT the name of a sea?

Indian

Which of the following is the chemical symbol for most of the salt in oceans?

NaCl

Which ocean is surrounded by most of the world's major volcanoes?

Pacific

The ________ ice shelf is the largest on Earth.

Ross

You accidentally flush your cell phone. Where will it most likely be found at a wastewater treatment facility?

bar screen

Earth's "world ocean" contains ________ cubic kilometers of salt water.

billion

Which of the following products of a wastewater treatment facility is often put on farm fields as a fertilizer?

biosolids

What does the Kanapaha Wastewater Treatment Facility use to disinfect the treated water?

chlorine

Which of the following diseases has been all but eliminated from the United States because of wastewater treatment plants?

cholera