Unit 9 Test
What time frame was the progressive movement happening in?
1890-1920s so early 1900s
What 2 areas of the world was the US concentrating on during the Spanish American War?
Caribbean and Pacific... Philippines
In 1882, Congress passed an "exclusion act" which prevented the immigration of workers from what country for 10 years?
China
Which country's debts prompted the Roosevelt Corollary?
Dominican Republic
As a result of the Spanish American War, the US gained control of
Puerto Rico.
Which of these BEST represents the "Big Stick" in Theodore Roosevelt's "Big Stick" diplomacy?
U.S. Navy
What does the term xenophobic mean?
a dislike of people from other countries
What was the Jim Crow system?
a system of racial casting in the South after the Civil War
Though the door to 19th-century Asian immigration was almost closed on the West Coast, where did European immigrants tend to settle?
cities in the East and Midwest
"The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures." This is part of the text of which amendment to the U.S. Constitution?
17th Amendment
1881- Jacob Riis publishes How the Other Half Lives, detailing tenement life. 1904- Ida Tarbell publishes articles criticizing Standard Oil Company. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 1914- Edwin Markham publishes Children in Bondage, an exposé of child labor.
1906- Upton Sinclair publishes The Jungle, criticizing the working conditions in the U.S. meat processing industry
Who would have been MOST LIKELY to support and help poor women in major urban areas?
Jane Addams
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A "muckraker" MOST likely would have been
against abuses of industrial workers in the early 1900s.
Jane Addams's "Hull House" of the late-19th century was
created to help adjust immigrants into the United States.
What was the Roosevelt Corollary a corollary of?
expand of Monroe
What military reason did the US have for wanting to build the Panama Canal?
more resources faster
The United States experienced major foreign policy issues in the late 1800s with all of the following EXCEPT
Argentina.
The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution were undermined by all of the following EXCEPT
Brown v. Board of Education.
Why did businesses want the US to be an imperial power?
Expand wealth
This passage is a commentary on what era in United States and World History?
Imperialism
Which of these is a work associated with the Muckrakers?
The Jungle by Upton Sinclair
Which of these asserted that the United States had the right to intervene in the affairs of neighboring American countries, to counter threats posed to its security and interests?
The Roosevelt Corollary
What were working conditions like for child laborers in the early 20th century?
bad facilities
What is the progressive movement?
people wanted people to control gov't
The "Muckraker" journalists would have been likely to cover all of the following subjects EXCEPT
waste in the armed forces.
What was the primary focus of the 1908 case Adair v. United States?
yellow-dog contracts
Panama's revolution from which country made construction of the Panama Canal possible?
Colombia
Which of these was the primary cause for U.S. military intervention in Colombia in 1903?
Colombia rejected the U.S. offer to build a canal through Panama.
Widespread anti-Chinese sentiment in the late-1800s resulted in
Congressional action aimed at prohibiting further Chinese immigration.
The Platt Amendment (1901) gave the US executive control over what country's constitution?
Cuba
"We the Governors of the States and Territories of the United States of America, in Conference assembled, do hereby declare the conviction that the great prosperity of our country rests upon the abundant resources of the land chosen by our forefathers for their homes and where they laid the foundation of this great Nation. We look upon these resources as a heritage to be made use of in establishing and promoting the comfort, prosperity, and happiness of the American People, but not to be wasted, deteriorated, or needlessly destroyed. We agree that our country's future is involved in this; that the great natural resources supply the material basis on which our civilization must continue to depend, and on which the perpetuity of the Nation itself rests. We agree, in the light of facts brought to our knowledge and from information received from sources which we can not doubt, that this material basis is threatened with exhaustion. Even as each succeeding generation from the birth of the Nation has performed its part in promoting the progress and development of the Republic, so do we in this generation recognize it as a high duty to perform our part; and this duty in large degree lies in the adoption of measures for the conservation of the natural wealth of the country." - Declaration of the Conservation Conference May 15, 1908 Which individual would have been MOST likely to support the perspective expressed in the excerpt?
Gifford Pinchot
"We the Governors of the States and Territories of the United States of America, in Conference assembled, do hereby declare the conviction that the great prosperity of our country rests upon the abundant resources of the land chosen by our forefathers for their homes and where they laid the foundation of this great Nation..." Which individual would have been MOST likely to support the perspective expressed in the excerpt?
Gifford Pinchot
What 3 places did the US "win" in the Spanish American War?
Guam, Philippines, and Puerto Rico
"There are no words that can tell the hidden spirit of the wilderness, that can reveal its mystery, its melancholy and its charm. The nation behaves well if it treats the natural resources as assets which it must turn over to the next generation increased; and not impaired in value." --Theodore Roosevelt Which actions were taken by President Theodore Roosevelt in relation to this quote?
He established the United States Forest Service, signed into law the creation of five National Parks, and established 150 National Forests.
"This work is the outgrowth of an effort on the part of the editors of McClure's Magazine.... (who) decided a few years ago to publish a detailed narrative of the history of the growth of a particular trust..." This passage is from the preface to whose Muckraking masterpiece?
Ida Tarbell
Which is TRUE about the Roosevelt Corollary?
It called for immediate military intervention in any Latin American country experiencing unrest or political instability.
What was the GREATEST impact of the Panama Canal?
It tremendously reduced the travel time between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
What was the major impact of Plessy v. Ferguson upon American society?
It upheld segregation laws and made segregation the law of the land.
Which Progressive-era figure is MOST closely associated with exposing the effects of poverty and overcrowding in American cities in the late 1800s?
Jacob Riis
What was the economic term for the government's belief's described in the previous question?
Lazifaire
What killed many of the workers who were working on the Panama Canal (caused by mosquitoes)?
Many workers were killed or sickened by malaria and yellow fever carried by mosquitoes.
Which is the BEST example of how the physical geography of the region slowed the construction of the Panama Canal?
Many workers were killed or sickened by malaria and yellow fever carried by mosquitoes.
Upton Sinclair's The Jungle impacted the passage of the
Meat Inspection Act in 1906.
Upton Sinclair's The Jungle had the GREATEST impact on the passage of the
Meat Inspection Act.
You are a writer in the early 1900s. Living in a major U.S. city, you see many unpleasant things each day: children as young as 8 working 12 hour days, women forced into a life of prostitution, and disgusting conditions at the local meat processing plant. You decide that you have had enough of this, and, using your literary skills, you plan to write a novel that will begin to address these issues. You hope it will cause enough outcry that the public- and the government- will take notice. This prompt would refer to someone who would consider themselves a
Muckraker.
Jacob Riis, Upton Sinclair, Lincoln Steffens, and Ida Tarbell are all associated with what American literary movement?
Muckrakers
What movement was Teddy Roosevelt involved in that involved the environment?
National Conservation Commission
How did Social Darwinists defend US imperialism?
Nations that considered themselves superior felt obliged to govern less-advanced nations.
What is the MOST accurate Social-Darwinist defense for U.S. imperialism?
Nations that considered themselves superior felt obliged to govern less-advanced nations.
Which of these statements BEST explains why in the first decades of the 20th century the federal government did little to deal with problems relating to monopoly of industry, labor unrest, and abuses by large businesses?
Politicians believed that government should keep its hands off the economic sector of the U.S.
The direct election of U.S. Senators, women's suffrage, and greater government regulation of large industries were all issues of importance in the early 1900s to the
Progressives.
With which of these political ideologies was Theodore Roosevelt's "Bull Moose Party" MOST closely associated?
Progressivism
Which statement offers the best argument AGAINST Theodore Roosevelt's "Big Stick" diplomacy?
Roosevelt used America's military power in an unjust manner in his pursuit of our foreign policy goals.
Which statement offers the BEST support for Theodore Roosevelt's "Big Stick" diplomacy?
Roosevelt was successful in bringing parts of Latin America under control of the United States, including Cuba and the Panama Canal.
"That in order to the faithful execution of articles one and two of the treaty in this act before mentioned, every Chinese person other than a laborer who may be entitled by said treaty and this act to come within the United States, and who shall be about to come to the United States, shall be identified as so entitled by the Chinese Government in each case, such identity to be evidenced by a certificate issued under the authority of said government, which certificate shall be in the English language or (if not in the English language) accompanied by a translation into English, stating such right to come, and which certificate shall state the name, title, or official rank, if any, the age, height, and all physical peculiarities, former and present occupation or profession, and place of residence in China of the person to whom the certificate is issued and that such person is entitled conformably to the treaty in this act mentioned to come within the United States...." Chinese Exclusion Act, May 6, 1882 Who could not enter the United States from China?
Skilled and unskilled laborers
"The South's adoption of extreme racism was due not so much to a conversion, but to a relaxation of the opposition. All the elements of fear, jealousy, proscription, hatred and fanaticism had long been present, as they were present in various degrees of intensity in any society. What enabled them to rise to dominence was not so much cleverness or ingenuity as it was a general weakening and discrediting of the numerous forces that had hitherto kept them in check." - from C. Vann Woodward, The Strange Career of Jim Crow What conclusion can be drawn from this text?
Society itself encouraged and accepted segregation in all parts of the United States.
The Rough Riders, pictured here, were a group of soldiers that fought in the famed "Battle of San Juan Hill" against what country?
Spain
What was happening in Cuba that pushed the US to think they should get involved and help?
Spain took over
· Guam · Philippines · Puerto Rico All of these territories came under the control of the United States following what conflict?
Spanish American War
Which group was founded in 1909 under the leadership of W.E.B. Dubois in an effort to combat racial discrimination, racial violence, and segregation in the United States?
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
1898 Congressional act known as
The Teller Amendment.
What was the historical significance of the Supreme Court case of Plessy v. Ferguson?
The case provided for a precedent and legal basis for segregation.
According to imperialists, which of these would have been an economic justification for the expansion of the United States?
The nation's manufacturers needed raw materials and new markets were needed for the nation's goods.
What 2 Presidents are known as playing an important role in the progressive movement?
Theodore & Wilson
Which president believed that a US-controlled canal across Central America was a vital strategic interest to America, and so was largely responsible for construction of the Panama Canal?
Theodore Roosevelt
· The "Square Deal" · "Trust-busting" · The United States Forest Service · The Hepburn Act
Theodore Roosevelt
· He filed twice as many anti-trust suits as Roosevelt. · He expanded federal protection of public lands and parks. · He created a "Children's Bureau" within the Labor Department. · He strengthened the federal government's power to regulate the railroads. What "Progressive" president is being described?
William Howard Taft
What were Jim Crow laws?
a system of racial casting in the South after the Civil War
What did the Anti-Imperialist League oppose when it was formed in June of 1898?
annexation of the Philippines
What were other problems facing workers in the factories in the early 20th century?
bad facilities
Which economic reform occurred during the Progressive era?
banning of child labor
This cartoon is referring to the the American foreign policy of
building a strong military in order to expand U.S. influence.
What issues were muckrakers addressing in the press?
business, conditions, monopoly,
What types of services were provided at 'settlement houses' like "Hull House"?
conditions, education...
What was Jane Addams's trying to do when she created the "Hull House"?
created to help adjust immigrants into the United States
What was the 17th Amendment to the Constitution?
direct election of senators
"The meat would be shoveled into carts, and the man who did the shoveling would not trouble to lift out a rat even when he saw one—there were things that went into the sausage in comparison with which a poisoned rat was a tidbit. There was no place for the men to wash their hands before they ate their dinner, and so they made a practice of washing them in the water that was to be ladled into the sausage. There were the butt-ends of smoked meat, and the scraps of corned beef, and all the odds and ends of the waste of the plants, that would be dumped into old barrels in the cellar and left there. Under the system of rigid economy which the packers enforced, there were some jobs that it only paid to do once in a long time, and among these was the cleaning out of the waste barrels. Every spring they did it; and in the barrels would be dirt and rust and old nails and stale water—and cartload after cartload of it would be taken up and dumped into the hoppers with fresh meat, and sent out to the public's breakfast." --Upton Sinclair, The Jungle, 1906. In The Jungle Upton Sinclair exposed the filthy conditions that existed in the American meat-packing industry. His ground-breaking work also sought to
expose the disparity between America's rich and the working poor.
In The Jungle Upton Sinclair exposed the filthy conditions that existed in the American meat-packing industry. His ground-breaking work also sought to
expose the disparity between America's rich and the working poor.
What was Upton Sinclair's book The Jungle about?
exposed the filthy conditions that existed in the American meat-packing industry. His ground-breaking work also sought to expose the disparity between America's rich and the working poor
Who was Jacob Riis?
exposed working conditions, Muckraker
Which person would have been LEAST likely to be considered a "Progressive" in the early 20th century?
farmer
Why would businesses be interested in having the Panama Canal be built?
faster
What was meant by Roosevelt's policy of "speak softly and carry a big stick"?
gentalman but fight if need be
Theodore Roosevelt is often called a "Progressive" President. Which of these would BEST be an example of this label?
he supported passage of the Food and Drug Act of 1906
What was meant by the term "white man's burden"?
impacts of imperialism
"I believe our people would welcome any action on the part of the United States to put an end to the terrible state of things existing there (in Cuba)...We can stop it, in my judgment, by pursuing a proper diplomacy and offering our good offices. Let it once be understood that we mean to stop the horrible state of things in Cuba and it will be stopped. The great power of the United States, if it is once invoked and uplifted, is capable of greater things than that." Henry Cabot Lodge, 1898 This opinion expresses views associated MOST closely with
imperialists.
What was a muckraker?
investigator journalist
The United States felt that it was important to complete the construction and control of the Panama Canal because
it allowed ships to cross directly between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
How did the US gain the territory of Hawaii?
it was annexed to the US
The U.S. Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act to prevent immigrants from that country entering the U.S. during the
late 1800s
The cartoon would have been MOST likely to have been published in
late 1800s
Why was the government not involved in labor issues and industry in the late 1800s and early 1900s?
lazifaire type gov't
What was the MOST immediate goal of the NAACP during the 1920s?
lobbied for anti-lynching laws
The Progressive Era was PRIMARILY concerned with
making government more responsible to the needs of the people.
What did Roosevelt use most in carrying out his "Big Stick" diplomacy?
military
Chinese Exclusion Act; May 6, 1882 An Act to Execute Certain Treaty Stipulations Relating to Chinese Whereas, in the opinion of the Government of the United States the coming of Chinese laborers to this country endangers the good order of certain localities within the territory thereof: Therefore, Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That from and after the expiration of ninety days next after the passage of this act, and until the expiration of ten years next after the passage of this act, the coming of Chinese laborers to the United States be, and the same is hereby, suspended; and during such suspension it shall not be lawful for any Chinese laborer to come, or having so come after the expiration of said ninety days, to remain within the United States. This law states that the "Chinese laborers to this country endanger the good order of certain localities" in the United States. Which occupation would the word "laborers" MOST LIKELY be referring to?
miner
How did the enforcement of the Roosevelt Corollary play out in Latin America?
needed to justify entering war
The completion of the construction of the Panama Canal took place six months early because
new machines and technologies were invented.
Ida Tarbell is known as being a muckraking journalist for her exposing of abuses in which industry?
oil
What was the Progressive movement trying to do as far as government issues?
responsible for people
The ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson upheld the legality of
segregated public facilities.
What did Plessy v. Ferguson decide about segregation?
segregation of people according to race.
Why was the NAACP founded?
social equality
"We consider the underlying fallacy of the plaintiff's argument to consist in the assumption that the enforced separation of the two races stamps the colored race with a badge of inferiority. If this be so, it is not by reason of anything found in the act, but solely because the colored race chooses to put that construction upon it..." Because of this Supreme Court decision,
states were guaranteed the right to implement racially segregated institutions and public facilities.
Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 Because of this Supreme Court decision,
states were guaranteed the right to implement racially segregated institutions and public facilities.
The Roosevelt Corollary, issued in 1904, was a revision to what earlier statement of U.S. foreign policy?
the Monroe Doctrine
Construction began in 1910 and was completed in 1914. Under the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty, America was granted the right to supervise the construction and operation of the project. Greatly reduced the time needed for ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean. This list of notes would be MOST valuable to a student writing a report about
the Panama Canal.
Ida Tarbell was one of the leading "muckrakers" of the Progressive era. She is best known for writing The History of the Standard Oil Company, which exposed the negative aspects of John D. Rockefeller's monopoly over the American oil industry. Which legislation is most closely associated with the work of Ida Tarbell?
the Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890
Why did the US intervene in Colombia in 1903?
the US could build a canal in Panama at a lower price than in other Latin American territories.
Which of these BEST exhibits how Theodore Roosevelt strongly agreed with the ideas of Alfred T. Mahan?
the construction of the Panama Canal
""We the Governors of the States and Territories of the United States of America, in Conference assembled, do hereby declare the conviction that the great prosperity of our country rests upon the abundant resources of the land chosen by our forefathers for their homes and where they laid the foundation of this great Nation..." The excerpt most directly reflects which of these?
the platform of Republican presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson
The Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) basically legalized
the segregation of people according to race.
Excerpt from How the Other Half Lives, by Jacob A. Riis, 1890 The truth is that pauperism grows in the tenements as naturally as weeds in a garden lot. A moral distemper, like crime, it finds there its most fertile soil. All the surroundings of tenement-house life favor its growth, and where once it has taken root it is harder to dislodge than the most virulent of physical diseases. The thief is infinitely easier to deal with than the pauper, because the very fact of his being a thief presupposes some bottom to the man. Granted that it is bad, there is still something, a possible handle by which to catch him. To the pauper there is none. He is as hopeless as his own poverty. This passage would have been used for what purpose?
to convince the public that people in poverty need help
What was Booker T. Washington's view about the civil rights movement and how they should progress?
wait it out
What was W.E.B. Du Bois' view about the civil rights movement and how they should progress?
wait it out.. comes in own time