Unit E Chem Test

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List the 3 evidences of a chemical reaction.

1. formation of a precipitate 2. change in energy 3. evolution of a gas

What gases are always written as diatomic molecules?

H, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I

What states that if a system at equilibrium is subjected to a stress, the equilibrium will be displaced in such a direction as to relieve that stress?

Le Chatelier's principle

What does sulfer always look like as a gas?

S₈

What is a positive test for hydrogen?

a burning splint pops

What is the minimum energy required to start a reaction?

activation energy

What replaces what on the reactivity series?

an element replaces any element below it on the list

If the concentration of a substance is increased, equilibrium shifts ______ the substance that is increased.

away from

What is a substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed in the process?

catalyst

What occurs when the rate of a forward and reverse chemical reactions are equal?

chemical equilibrium

What are used to indicate the number of molecules in a chemical formula?

coefficients

In what type of reaction do atoms or ions from two different compounds replace each other forming a product that leaves the reaction environment?

double replacement

What type of reaction: compound + compound ---> compound + compound

double replacement

Rate ___ for each 10 degrees C increase in temperature.

doubles

Energy is absorbed in a ______ reaction.

endothermic

If surrounding get colder?

endothermic

If (triangle)H= +

endothermic reaction, added to reactants

Energy is released in a _______ reaction.

exothermic

If surroundings get warmer?

exothermic

If (triangle)H = -

exothermic reaction, added to products

The fewer the bonds to be broken, the ____ the rate.

faster

The weaker the bonds to be broken, the _____ the rate.

faster

If the activation energy is high, ___ collisions have enough energy to form the activated complex.

few

What does (g) stand for?

gas

In what type of reaction is a hydrocarbon burned in the presence of oxygen forming carbon dioxide and water?

hydrocarbon combustion

What type of reaction: hydrocarbon + oxygen ---> carbon dioxide + water vapor

hydrocarbon combustion

What does (aq) stand for?

in a solution of water

Increasing the concentration of one or more reactions, ____ the rate of reaction.

increases

Increasing the pressure on a gas, ______ the reaction rate.

increases

Increasing the surface area of solid reactants, _____ the rate of reaction.

increases

Temperature usually ____ the rate of a reaction.

increases

Reactions involving ions are usually _____.

instantaneous

The ___ the interval between the elements, the more vigorous the reaction.

larger

What does (l) stand for?

liquid

If the activation energy is low, ___ collisions have enough energy to form the activated complex.

more

What are 7 factors that affect reaction rates?

nature of reactants, surface area, concentration, temperature, pressure, activation energy, and catalyst

What are graphs that show the change of energy in a reaction?

potential energy diagrams

What 3 things can double replacement reaction form?

precipitate, gas, or water

2 of the most common stresses that affect a system are?

pressure and temperature

In what type of reaction do two or more reactants come together to form a single product?

simple composition

What type of reaction: element + element ---> compound

simple composition

What are the six types of chemical reactions?

simple composition, simple decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, hydrocarbon combustion, and other

In what type of reaction does a single compound broken down into 2 or more smaller compounds or elements?

simple decomposition

What type of reaction: compound ---> element/compound + element/compound

simple decomposition

In what type of reaction does an uncombined element replace an element that is part of a compound?

single replacement

What type of reaction: element + compound ---> element + compound

single replacement

Reactions for molecules are usually ___ than those of ions.

slower

What does (cr) stand for?

solid

What does (s) stand for?

solid

What are used to indicate the number of atoms in a chemical formula?

subscripts

What do catalysts lower?

the activation energy

If the concentration of a substance is decreased, equilibrium shifts ______ the substance that is decreased.

toward


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