UNIT TEST (6) 84%

Read the excerpts from historical documents. From the Declaration of Independence: We . . . solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved . . . From the Declaration of Sentiments: . . . we insist that they have immediate admission to all the rights and privileges which belong to them as citizens of the United States. How are these excerpts similar? Both offer complaints. Both recall history. Both state demands. Both admit defeat.

Both state demands.

Read the excerpt from A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. In this style, argue tyrants of every denomination, from the weak king to the weak father of a family; they are all eager to crush reason; yet always assert that they usurp its throne only to be useful. Do you not act a similar part, when you force all women, by denying them civil and political rights, to remain immured in their families groping in the dark? For surely, Sir, you will not assert, that a duty can be binding which is not founded on reason? Which statement paraphrases Wollstonecraft's argument? By refusing women rights, men are enslaving women in their current roles. Men strive to be kings and fathers because they prefer leadership roles. By ignoring women's demands, men are weakening the family structure. Women are toiling in the dark, unaware of new laws that are being considered.

By refusing women rights, men are enslaving women in their current roles.

Read the passage from Gulliver's Travels. There was a most ingenious architect, who had contrived a new method for building houses, by beginning at the roof, and working downward to the foundation. Which is an objective summary of the passage? In his travels, Gulliver is fooled by a silly architect he meets. When he meets a ridiculous architect, Gulliver is oddly impressed. Gulliver encounters an architect who builds houses from the top down. Gulliver meets an architect who has a crazy way of building houses.

Gulliver encounters an architect who builds houses from the top down.

Read the passage from Gulliver's Travels. He has been eight years upon a project for extracting sunbeams out of cucumbers, which were to be put in phials hermetically sealed, and let out to warm the air in raw inclement summers. He told me, he did not doubt, that, in eight years more, he should be able to supply the governor's gardens with sunshine, at a reasonable rate: but he complained that his stock was low, and entreated me "to give him something as an encouragement to ingenuity, especially since this had been a very dear season for cucumbers." Which phrase from the passage best helps the reader to identify the passage as a satire? He has been eight years upon a project for extracting sunbeams out of cucumbers which were to be put in phials hermetically sealed He told me, he did not doubt, that, in eight years more, he should be able to supply the governor's gardens but he complained that his stock was low

He has been eight years upon a project for extracting sunbeams out of cucumbers

Read the passage from Of the Wisdom of the Ancients. For Venus excites the general appetite of conjunction and procreation; Cupid, her son, applies the appetite to an individual object. From Venus therefore comes the general disposition, from Cupid the more exact sympathy. Which statement best describes how the author structures the passage? He uses logos to convince the reader of his point. He uses pathos to engage the reader emotionally. He uses positive connotations to amuse the reader. He uses negative connotations to frighten the reader.

He uses pathos to engage the reader emotionally.

Read the excerpt from Thoughts and Sentiments. Thanks be to God, I was delivered from Grenada, and that horrid brutal slavery.—A gentleman coming to England, took me for his servant, and brought me away, where I soon found my situation become more agreeable. After coming to England, and seeing others write and read, I had a strong desire to learn, and getting what assistance I could, I applied myself to learn reading and writing, which soon became my recreation, pleasure, and delight; and when my master perceived that I could write some, he sent me to a proper school for that purpose to learn. Read the excerpt from Letters of the Late Ignatius Sancho, An African. The first part of my life was rather unlucky, as I was placed in a family who judged ignorance the best and only security for obedience.—A little reading and writing I got by unwearied application.—The latter part of my life has been—thro' God's blessing, truly fortunate, having spent it in the service of one of the best families in the kingdom.—My chief pleasure has been books. In these excerpts, how is Cugoano's approach similar to Sancho's approach? Like Sancho, Cugoano demonstrates that he had a difficult beginning as an enslaved person, but then prevailed through luck and perseverance. Like Sancho, Cugoano does not emphasize the horrors of his experiences as an enslaved person, but focuses on his good fortune instead. Like Sancho, Cugoano is thankful to find himself currently in the service of a noble and gracious English family. Like Sancho, Cugoano presents himself as a humble man who is thankful for all of his good fortune and reluctant to make changes.

Like Sancho, Cugoano demonstrates that he had a difficult beginning as an enslaved person, but then prevailed through luck and perseverance.

Read the excerpt from Thoughts and Sentiments. It is therefore manifest, that something else ought yet to be done; and what is required, is evidently the incumbent duty of all men of enlightened understanding, and of every man that has any claim or affinity to the name of Christian, that the base treatment which the African Slaves undergo, ought to be abolished; and it is moreover evident, that the whole, or any part of that iniquitous traffic of slavery, can no where, or in any degree, be admitted, but among those who must eventually resign their own claim to any degree of sensibility and humanity, for that of barbarians. Read the excerpt from Letters of the Late Ignatius Sancho, An African. I am sure you will applaud me for beseeching you to give one half hour's attention to slavery, as it is at this day practised in our West Indies.—That subject, handled in your striking manner, would ease the yoke (perhaps) of many—but if only of one—Gracious God!—what a feast to a benevolent heart!—and, sure I am, you are an epicurean in acts of charity.—You, who are universally read, and as universally admired—you could not fail In these excerpts, how is Cugoano's purpose similar to Sancho's purpose? Like Sancho, Cugoano is asking for someone's help in passing on his message. Like Sancho, Cugoano is hoping that some of the Africans held in captivity will be released. Like Sancho, Cugoano is speaking out against the horrible practice of slavery. Like Sancho, Cugoano is trying to become a widely read writer and respected philosopher.

Like Sancho, Cugoano is speaking out against the horrible practice of slavery.

Read the passage from Of the Wisdom of the Ancients. This Love is introduced without any parent at all; only, that some say he was an egg of Night. And himself out of Chaos begot all things, the gods included. The attributes which are assigned to him are in number four: he is always an infant; he is blind; he is naked; he is an archer. There was also another Love, the youngest of all the gods, son of Venus, to whom the attributes of the elder are transferred, and whom in a way they suit. Bacon's purpose is to explain what Chaos is. Love is. Night is. Venus is.

Love is.

Read the two passages from Of the Wisdom of the Ancients. Passage 1: The fable relates to the cradle and infancy of nature, and pierces deep. This Love I understand to be the appetite or instinct of primal matter; or to speak more plainly, the natural motion of the atom; which is indeed the original and unique force that constitutes and fashions all things out of matter. Passage 2: Let us now consider his attributes. He is described with great elegance as a little child, and a child for ever; for things compounded are larger and are affected by age; whereas the primary seeds of things, or atoms, are minute and remain in perpetual infancy. How do the two passages work together to develop Bacon's argument? Passage 1 explains his central idea, while passage 2 supports it. Passage 1 provides a counter argument, while passage 2 disproves it. Passage 1 supports the central idea, while passage 2 explains what the central idea is. Passage 1 lists a supporting example, while passage 2 provides a counter argument.

Passage 1 explains his central idea, while passage 2 supports it.

Read the excerpt from Bruno's summary of Gulliver's Travels. When Gulliver tours the academy, he sees a man attempting to get sunbeams out of cucumbers and a man trying to turn ice into gunpowder. This summary is an example of _____

a paraphrase

Read the passage from Gulliver's Travels. There was a man born blind, who had several apprentices in his own condition: their employment was to mix colours for painters, which their master taught them to distinguish by feeling and smelling. It was indeed my misfortune to find them at that time not very perfect in their lessons, and the professor himself happened to be generally mistaken. This artist is much encouraged and esteemed by the whole fraternity. Which analysis does the passage support? Swift uses understatement to emphasize the talent of the artists. Swift uses understatement to highlight the beauty of the art. Swift uses a false premise to create humor. Swift uses a false premise to create pathos.

Swift uses understatement to emphasize the talent of the artists.

Read the excerpt from A History of Women's Suffrage by Stanton, Anthony, and Gage. The broader demand for political rights has not commanded the thought its merits and dignity should have secured. While complaining of many wrongs and oppressions, women themselves did not see that the political disability of sex was the cause of all their special grievances, and that to secure equality anywhere, it must be recognized everywhere. Like all disfranchised classes, they begun by asking to have certain wrongs redressed, and not by asserting their own right to make laws for themselves. Which statement paraphrases the authors' argument? Women should try to speak up in public. Women's personal dignity is not respected. Women have many complaints that they want to voice. Women's lack of political rights is the root of their troubles.

Women's lack of political rights is the root of their troubles.

Read the passage from Of the Wisdom of the Ancients. Let us now consider his [Cupid's] attributes. He is described with great elegance as a little child, and a child for ever; for things compounded are larger and are affected by age; whereas the primary seeds of things, or atoms, are minute and remain in perpetual infancy. Most truly also is he represented as naked: for all compounds (to one that considers them rightly) are masked and clothed; and there is nothing properly naked, except the primary particles of things. Bacon lists Cupid's attributes in order to show that Cupid is real. prove that Cupid is a child. disprove the existence of the atom. compare them to the features of the atom.

compare them to the features of the atom.

Read the passage from An Essay on Man. Self-love and reason to one end aspire, Pain their aversion, pleasure their desire; But greedy that, its object would devour, This taste the honey, and not wound the flow'r The author contrasts words with positive and negative connotations to create humor. encourage debate. clarify his argument. make an emotional appeal.

encourage debate.

To determine the central idea of An Essay on Man, what should the reader do first? paraphrase the author's argument locate key details decide the author's message identify the topic

identify the topic

Read the passage from Of the Wisdom of the Ancients. Now the philosophy of the Greeks, which in investigating the material principles of things is careful and acute, in inquiring the principles of motion, wherein lies all vigour of operation, is negligent and languid; and on the point now in question seems to be altogether blind and babbling; for that opinion of the Peripatetics which refers the original impulse of matter to privation, is little more than words—a name for the thing rather than a description of it. Which phrase from the passage best states its central idea? the philosophy of the Greeks, which in investigating the material principles of things is careful and acute in inquiring the principles of motion, wherein lies all vigour of operation, is negligent and languid refers the original impulse of matter to privation a name for the thing rather than a description of it

in inquiring the principles of motion, wherein lies all vigour of operation, is negligent and languid

Read the sentence from a paper on Gulliver's Travels. Swift wrote Gulliver's Travels so he could humorously criticize the government. This statement describes Swift's belief. purpose. style. theme.

purpose.

Read the passage from "An Essay on Man." Most strength the moving principle requires; Active its task, it prompts, impels, inspires. Sedate and quiet the comparing lies, Formed but to check, deliberate, and advise. Which word in the passage defines sedate? strength active quiet deliberate

quiet

When Bacon changes the definition of love in Of the Wisdom of the Ancients, he is refining the term. removing a nuance. providing context clues. discussing the etymology.

refining the term.

Read the sentence from Of the Wisdom of the Ancients. They say then that Love was the most ancient of all the gods; the most ancient therefore of all things whatever, except Chaos, which is said to have been coeval with him; and Chaos is never distinguished by the ancients with divine honour or the name of a god. To correctly paraphrase this sentence, Tamar should copy it exactly as it is. restate it in her own words. copy part of it exactly and restate the rest. quote it exactly and put quotation marks around it.

restate it in her own words.

Read the excerpt from Samuel Johnson's preface to A Dictionary of the English Language. But to COLLECT the WORDS of our language was a task of greater difficulty: the deficiency of dictionaries was immediately apparent; and when they were exhausted, what was yet wanting must be sought by fortuitous and unguided excursions into books, and gleaned as industry should find, or chance should offer it, in the boundless chaos of a living speech. My search, however, has been either skilful or lucky; for I have much augmented the vocabulary. The excerpt claims that Johnson's work is significant because he changed the format of dictionaries. searched literature and found more words. applied rules to make language less chaotic. selected only the most difficult words to define.

searched literature and found more words.

Read the excerpt from "A Modest Proposal." I propose to provide for them in such a manner, as, instead of being a charge upon their parents, or the parish, or wanting food and raiment for the rest of their lives, they shall, on the contrary, contribute to the feeding, and partly to the cloathing of many thousands. . . . Which false premise does the author rely on in this excerpt? that parents would choose to disown their children instead of caring for them that parents would value their children over an improved economy that parents would rather sell their children than be responsible for them that parents would prefer to provide for their children instead of selling them

that parents would rather sell their children than be responsible for them

Read the paragraph from the Declaration of Independence. When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume, among the Powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. Now, read the paragraph from the Declaration of Sentiments. When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one portion of the family of man to assume among the people of the earth a position different from that which they have hitherto occupied, but one to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes that impel them to such a course. To most effectively compare the two passages, the reader should compare the similarities in the wording. the origins of the two authors. the dates the texts were written. the differences in rhetorical appeals.

the similarities in the wording.

Read the passage from Gulliver's Travels. The method is this: in an acre of ground you bury, at six inches distance and eight deep, a quantity of acorns, dates, chestnuts, and other mast or vegetables, whereof these animals are fondest; then you drive six hundred or more of them into the field, where, in a few days, they will root up the whole ground in search of their food, and make it fit for sowing, at the same time manuring it with their dung: it is true, upon experiment, they found the charge and trouble very great, and they had little or no crop. However it is not doubted, that this invention may be capable of great improvement. Which excerpt from the passage is the best example of understatement? in an acre of ground you bury, at six inches distance and eight deep, a quantity of acorns, dates, chestnuts then you drive six hundred or more of them into the field, where, in a few days, they will root up the whole ground they found the charge and trouble very great, and they had little or no crop it is not doubted, that this invention may be capable of great improvement

they found the charge and trouble very great, and they had little or no crop

Read the passage from "An Essay on Man." Sedate and quiet the comparing lies, Formed but to check, deliberate, and advise. Self-love still stronger, as its objects nigh; Reason's at distance, and in prospect lie: From the context clues, the reader can determine that deliberate means to avoid telling the complete truth. think about something seriously. develop a logical philosophy. gain perspective on a topic.

think about something seriously.