Unit Test: Cellular Structure/Function
______________ transport moves substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Passive
Which organelle is like the brain of the cell?
nucleus
What makes up muscle tissue?
cells
Acid hydrolase, a digestive enzyme, would most likely be found in which organelle?
lysosome
Red blood cells need iron. They store iron and typically contain more iron than the fluid around them does. Which action would show the blood cells doing active transport?
bringing iron in
During an experiment, a student moves a cell from pure water to salted water. What will most likely happen to the cell?
It will release water and shrivel
Which element is the basis for all living things and can combine with other elements in many ways?
carbon
Examine the diagram of a cell. Which organelle is marked with an X?
cell membrane
Which organelle provides a protective covering to the cell and controls what enters and leaves?
cell membrane
Which organelles surround the cell? Select two options.
cell wall, cell membrane
Which organelle is found in photosynthetic organisms and captures energy from the sun?
chloroplast
Which organelle is marked with an X?
chloroplast
Which kind of molecule is used by organisms to store and transmit genetic material?
nucleic acid
Genes are sections of DNA that code for a particular trait. Genes are ______________.
nucleic acids
Examine the diagram of a cell. Which organelle is marked with an X?
nucleus
Which label belongs in the area marked X?
nucleus
Aluminum is an element. Which best describes what makes up a sample of aluminum?
one kind of atom
Neurons are brain cells. Where would a new neuron come from?
other cells
Which element is the most prevalent in the human body?
oxygen
Which two elements make up water?
oxygen and hydrogen
Which elements are common to all organisms? Check all that apply.
oxygen, sulfur, hydrogen, phosphorus
Doctors are investigating the case of a patient with defective proteins. Which organelle is most likely the cause?
ribosome
Which three structures are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
ribosomes, DNA, cytoplasm
Which statement is true about inorganic compounds?
They are not made from living things
Which label belongs in the area marked Y?
Golgi body
Why are cells called the building blocks of an organism?
They are the basic unit of life
Which structure is found in some but not all plant cells?
lysosome
Which finding would have disproved Virchow's hypothesis?
Cells can generate from nonliving matter
The smallest possible particle of an element is a(n) _____________.
atom
How are sugar molecules in living things classified?
as carbohydrates
Which statement best compares and contrasts lipids and carbohydrates?
Both are used for energy storage, but only carbohydrates are used for short-term energy storage.
Muscles in a kangaroo's legs work because of the cells that make up the muscle. Which component of cell theory does this best illustrate?
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things
Which best describes the importance of the microscope to the development of cell theory?
Cells are too small to see with the naked eye, and a microscope magnifies them.
Tristan wraps some gifts and then brings them to the post office where they are delivered to people in different parts of the country. Which organelle is Tristan most like?
Golgi body
Nuris is writing a paper on the scientist who first named cells after studying cork under a microscope. Who is her paper about?
Hooke
Which statement describes how diffusion works?
Molecules always move from areas of high concentration to low concentration
Which statements always apply to the process of diffusion? Check all that apply.
Molecules move from high concentration to low concentration and Molecules are evenly distributed at the end.
The Venn diagram compares organic and inorganic compounds. Which statement belongs in the space marked X?
Not made from living things
The image shows particles of salt dissolved in water. How will the arrangement of salt particles most likely change?
Salt particles will move toward the left through diffusion.
rancisco wrote these notes on one of the scientists who contributed to cell theory: * 1838 *Studied plants *Used a microscope *Concluded that plants are made of cells Who are these notes about?
Schleiden
The cell theory has three main components. Which three scientists' conclusions formed these components?
Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow
I. Plant cells are formed from fertile soil. II. Animal cells must function properly for an organism to be healthy. III.Cells make up the petals, stem, and leaves of a lily plant. IV. Bacteria are produced from other living bacteria. Which describes the statements that Schwann and Schleiden would make?
Schwann would make statement II and Schleiden would make statement IV.
Which statement is supported by the diagram?
The cell is prokaryotic because it does not have any membrane-bound organelles
A scientist is observing onion cells and human cheek cells under a microscope. Which observation does she most likely make?
The onion cells have a cell wall, and the cheek cells do not
The image on the left shows a normal red blood cell, and the image on the right shows a cell that has been put into a new solution. The circles represent the salt in the solutions. Which statement describes the motion of the water molecules in this situation?
The water molecules move by osmosis into the cell from high water concentration to low water concentration.
A scientist put red blood cells in water that contained salt. Over time, the red blood cells burst. What is most likely true?
There was a lower concentration of salt in the water than in the cells.
___________________ are a group of cells that work together to perform a specific function.
Tissues
Which of the scientists responsible for cell theory would be the most likely to write a book titled Cells Come from Cells?
Virchow
Which could be a reason viruses are considered nonliving things?
Viruses are made of DNA and proteins, but not cells.
Which statement describes the movement of water when a cell swells up and bursts due to osmosis?
Water went into the cell because the concentration of water inside the cell was lower than the concentration outside the cell.
Which accurately labels the lysosome?
X
This Venn diagram compares Schleiden and Schwann. Where would this phrase belong on the diagram? Studied animals
Y
Which accurately labels the cytoplasm?
Y
The diagram shows structures that represent different levels of organization in a human. Which is the second smallest level of organization?
Z
Which accurately labels the Golgi body?
Z
What did Virchow observe that led him to determine one of the main components of cell theory?
a cell splitting into two cells
Which best describes a molecule?
a unit made of two or more atoms
Which method of moving materials in and out of a cell requires energy?
active transport
Gus is performing an experiment on cells. First he places the cells in a container of water and salt. When he checks some of the cells under a microscope, he sees that they are beginning to shrivel. What would most likely stop the cells in the liquid from shriveling?
adding more water to the container
Jellyfish, mushrooms, oak trees, and bacteria contain cells. Which component of cell theory does this best illustrate?
all living things are made of cells
A plant root is an example of ____________________.
an organ
Which are characteristics of a prokaryotic cell? Select three options.
contains DNA, contains ribosomes, lacks a nucleus
Which process moves molecules and has these traits? -moves from high concentration to low concentration-moves from uneven distribution to even distribution-can occur when there is no membrane
diffusion
Which organelle aids in the production and movement of proteins and other materials through the cell?
endoplasmic reticulum
Which organelle is most like a factory delivery driver?
endoplasmic reticulum
Which motion is the best model to use to illustrate passive transport?
going down a slide
Which are characteristics of eukaryotic organisms? Select three options.
may be single-celled or multi-celled, have cells that contain DNA within a nucleus, include animal and plants
Which of these structures are found in both plant and animal cells?
mitochondria, ribosomes, vacuoles
Rebekah is studying a molecule and trying to determine if it is DNA or RNA. Which kind of molecule is she studying?
nucleic acid
Which example is most likely an inorganic compound?
sodium chloride, which is a salt
What is the main difference between active and passive transport?
the energy required
What do all of the organ systems in a human form?
the organism
The vacuole is most like a
water balloon