Unit test

Base your answer to the following question on the chemical reactions below and on your knowledge of biology: what does a represent?

2 ATP

The diagram below shows a microscopic view of the lower epidermis of a Mapleleaf: the area indicated by X is known as

A stomate

The synthesis of carbohydrates occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts. This process uses energy supplied by

A) ATP

Which group of organisms does not depend upon obtaining preformed organic molecules from the environment for nutrition?

A) algae

The graph below shows the effect of a factor on the photosynthetic rate of the green marine algae Enteromorpha linza. Which is most likely represented by factor x

A) light intensity

Base your answer to the following question on the chemical reactions below and on your knowledge of biology: what is the chemical compound represented by J?

ATP

The diagram below represents a bio chemical process:Which molecule is represented by X?

ATPP

Which statement about enzyme-controlled reactions is not correct?

An enzyme combines with any molecule at its active site

The graph shows the relative rates of action of four enzymes, A, B, C, and D. Which two enzymes would function in a region of the human body having a neutral pH?

B and C

During the process of photosynthesis, energy from the Sun is converted into

B) chemical energy in the bonds of organic molecules

Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which is a concept map that shows the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration, and on your knowledge of biology, In which cell organelle do the reactions that belong in areas B and C occur?

B) chloroplast

Which terms would most likely be included in the explanation of the production of starch in a potato?

B) photosynthesis, glucose, and dehydration synthesis

Over a 24-hour period, which factor would have the least effect upon the rate of photosynthesis in a geranium plant?

B) quantity of nitrates in the soil

What is one similarity between human skeletal muscles and some bacteria

Both produce lactic acid when oxygen is not available for respiration

Which structure of the woody plant represented in this diagram below most likely contains lenticels?

C

The pH of the internal environment of lysosomes (organelles that contain digestive enzymes)is approximately 4.5, while the pH of the surrounding cytoplasm is approximately 7. The average pH of the human stomach during digestion is approximately 2.5, while the average pH of the small intestine during digestion is about 8. The graph below shows how pH affects the enzyme activity of four different enzymes, A, B, C, and D. Which enzyme functions best in a pH environment most similar to that of human stomach enzymes?

C (Just after Acid-to Just before Base)

The chart below lists substances involved in the process of photosynthesis, Which statement best describes how these substances interact in photosynthesis?

C) C and D combine to produce A and B.

Certain organisms are able to store energy from the Sun in energy-rich compounds. Which event best illustrates this activity?

C) Lettuce produces organic substances.

The interaction between guard cells and a leaf opening would not be involved in

C) heterotrophic nutrition

In photosynthesis, chlorophyll functions in changing

C) light energy to chemical bond energy

Base your answer to the following question on the two processes represented below and on your knowledge of biology:In both processes what does X represent?

Cellular respiration

The graph shows the relative rates of action of four enzymes, A, B, C, and D. Which enzyme shows the greatest change in its rate of action with the least change in pH?

D (10-12)

Base your answer to the following question on the graph below which relates the rate of photosynthesis in a geranium plant to varying temperature and light intensity, The relative rate of photosynthesis is greatest under which conditions of light intensity and temperature?

D) high light intensity at 35°C

Autotrophs might survive when heterotrophs cannot, because autotrophs are able to

D) make their own food

Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below which represents a cross section of part of a leaf, Which life functions are directly regulated through feedback mechanisms associated with the actions of the structures labeled X?

D) respiration and photosynthesis

All organisms that carry out aerobic cellular respiration have adaptations for the

Exchange of gases

Which structures regulate water loss and gas exchange in the leaves of plants?

Guard cells

Base your answer to the following question on the graph and on your knowledge of biology. Which section of the graph includes the point at which the enzyme started to denature?

III (3)

Which metabolic process is responsible for the muscle fatigue and cramping an athlete make experience after running a race?

Lactic acid fermentation

Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents a chemical reaction that occurs in the human body, and on your knowledge of biology, Which statement describes a characteristic of molecule Z?

Molecule Z will function best at a specific pH.

What occurs during the digestion of proteins?

Specific enzymes break down proteins into amino acids

Which statement is supported by the information in the graph below

The enzymes respond in a similar way to changes in temperature

Anaerobic respiration is considered to be less efficient than aerobic respiration because

The net gain of ATP molecules is less in anaerobic respiration and then in aerobic respiration

Enzymes have an optimum temperature at which they work best. Temperatures above and below this optimum will decrease enzyme activity. Which graph best illustrates the effect of temperature on enzyme activity?

b (upside down v)

The diagram below represents a structure involved in cellular respiration, the release of which substance is represented by the arrows?

carbon dioxide

Which condition will not have an effect on the rate of enzyme activity?

color of light

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a toxic by-product of cellular metabolism in aerobic organisms. The reaction below occurs within the cells to prevent the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. In this reaction, catalase functions as an...

enzyme in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide

base your answer to the following question on the equations shown below: what does y represent?

enzymes

The production of alcohol by yeast cells is the result of

fermentation

Which word equation represents a type of fermentation?

glucose --> lactic acid + energy

Maltase is an enzyme that is not able to catalyze the synthesis of lipids because maltase

has a specific active site

Enzymes which speed up the hydrolysis of fats are known as

lipases

In the enzyme-controlled reaction represented by the word equation below, which molecules are considered the substrate? Monosaccharide + monosaccharide = disaccharide +water

monosaccharide and monosaccharide

Chemicals that help chemical reactions occur at faster rates in living organisms are also known as

organic catalysts

Enzymes are a type of what?

protein