UNIT THREE -- BLOOD --HOMEWORK --PART A

A person with a type A positive blood type can safely receive blood from all of these donors except __________.

B positive

Which of these is not a surface antigen found on red blood cells? B Rh O A

O

Type AB blood has which of the following characteristics:

RBCs have both the A & B surface antigens and no ABO plasma antibodies.

Antigens of the surface of red blood cells are also called ________ and antibodies in the blood plasma are also called ________.

agglutinogens; agglutinins

Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones?

albumin

Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by

injections of vitamin B12.

Plasma is closest in composition to

interstitial fluid.

Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of

iron

The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the

neutrophils

The white blood cell type that most rapidly increases in number after a bacterial infection is the __________.

neutrophils

All the circulating red blood cells in an adult originate in the

red bone marrow.

In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the

red bone marrow.

Eileen is a strict vegan and therefore eats no animal products. She develops an anemia that her doctor thinks is caused by a nutritional deficiency. Which of the following is the likeliest candidate?

vitamin B12 deficiency

The most abundant component of plasma is

water.

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called

whole blood.

Except for __________, the following statements about blood are true. The viscosity is three to five times greater than water. The pH is slightly acidic. It contains dissolved gases. It contains about 55% plasma.

The pH is slightly acidic

Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from

a superficial vein.

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are

albumins.

In which of the following situations would you expect the blood level of bilirubin to be elevated?

an alcoholic with a damaged liver

When checking the efficiency of gas exchange, it may be necessary to draw a blood sample from

an artery.

After donating 0.5 liters of blood, one would expect

an increased reticulocyte count.

Which of these is not one of the formed elements of blood? antibodies lymphocytes RBCs platelets basophils

antibodies

White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are

basophils.

Erythropoiesis is stimulated when

blood flow to the kidney declines.

Blood type is identified primarily by

both the ABO and Rh blood groups

Red blood cells carry __________ to the lungs and __________ to the tissues.

carbon dioxide; oxygen

The function of hemoglobin is to

carry dissolved blood gases.

The function of red blood cells is to

carry oxygen to the cells and then carry away carbon dioxide.

The chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the

concentration of proteins.

The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following, except

during periods of fasting.

White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the

eosinophils.

The process of red blood cell production is called

erythropoiesis.

__________ stimulates production of red blood cells.

erythropoietin

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone

erythropoietin.

Which of these proteins functions to store or transport iron?

ferritin, hemosiderin, and transferrin

Serum can't coagulate because the __________ has been removed.

fibrinogen

A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is

fibrinogen.

A hematocrit provides information on

formed elements abundance.

Each hemoglobin molecule contains

four iron atoms

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the

hematocrit.

The waste product bilirubin is produced from

heme molecules lacking iron.

The most abundant protein in blood is __________.

hemoglobin

Consider these results from a blood lab test. Which value is most likely abnormal? RBCs - 5.2 million/μl platelets - 280,000/μl hemoglobin - 10.7 g/100 ml hematocrit - 44 percent leukocytes - 8600/μl

hemoglobin - 10.7 g/100 ml

More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is

hemoglobin.

Excess iron is stored in the liver and spleen as

hemosiderin and ferritin.

Mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood. The test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood. This value indicates that

her hemoglobin level is normal.

Which of these descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor?

hormone that regulates blood cell formation

Thyroid-binding globulin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?

hormone-binding

A person who has a low blood volume is said to be

hypovolemic.

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the

immunoglobulins.

An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would ultimately result in

increased erythropoiesis.

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

liver

Transferrin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?

metalloprotein

The agranular leukocyte (agranulocyte) that is capable of phagocytosis is the __________.

monocyte

The largest white blood cell in circulation is the __________.

monocyte

If bile ducts are blocked,

more bilirubin appears in the plasma

Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn: mother Rh positive, baby Rh negative mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive mother Rh negative, baby Rh negative mother type A+, baby type O+ None of the answers are correct.

mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive

Granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) stimulates production of __________.

neutrophils

A red blood cell that contains normal amounts of hemoglobin would be called

normochromic.

Surgical removal of the stomach could cause

pernicious anemia.

Reticulocyte is a stage in the development of __________.

red blood cells

Granulocytes are produced in __________.

red bone marrow

The formed elements are largely produced within the __________.

red bone marrow

Granulocytes form in

red bone marrow.

In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in

red bone marrow.

The developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as

reticulocytes

Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the

spleen, liver, and bone marrow.

A bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because

the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin.

The process of lymphopoiesis goes on in all of the following organs, except the kidney. the thymus. the spleen. the red bone marrow. the lymph nodes.

the kidney.

People with type "O" blood are considered "universal donors" for transfusions because __________.

their blood lacks A and B antigens

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a temperature of approximately 38 degrees Celsius. deep red color from hemoglobin. viscosity about the same as water. pH of 7.4. built-in system for clotting.

viscosity about the same as water.

Red blood cells (RBCs) are removed from the circulation after about __________.

120 days

Which of the following blood count values would be a sign of anemia? 3.5 million RBC 10,000 WBC 400,000 platelets 5.5 million RBC A and D taken together

3.5 million RBC

You are caring for an adult patient who weighs 48 kg. What would her approximate blood volume be?

3.8 L

The total volume of blood in the body of a 76-kg man is approximately ________ liters.

5.3

Plasma makes up approximately what percentage of whole blood?

55%

Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume.

55; 92

In adults, red bone marrow is located in the iliac crest. proximal epiphyses of long bones. body of vertebrae. sternum and ribs. All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

The yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from destruction of hemoglobin. the recycling of hemoglobin. extensive breakdown of RBCs. excessive amounts of bilirubin in the plasma. All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect the release of erythropoietin. a drop in oxygen levels. an increase in red blood cell production. a rise in hematocrit. All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

The formed elements of blood consist of _________. red blood cells white blood cells platelets All of these are formed elements of blood.

All of these are formed elements of blood.

________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced

Anemia

Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A sera but not with the anti-B or anti-D sera. This means

Bill's plasma contains B antibodies.

________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells.

Monocytes

The average life span of a red blood cell is

4 months.

A typical adult hematocrit is

45

Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?

45 percent

Which of the following is a function of the blood? transport of gases defense against toxins and pathogens transport of nutrients and wastes transport of body heat All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false? Red cells can form stacks called rouleaux. Red cells are about 18 μm in diameter. Red cells are specialized for carrying oxygen. Red cells lack mitochondria. Red cells are biconcave discs.

Red cells are about 18 μm in diameter.

________ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation.

Reticulocytes

Anti-D antibodies are present in the blood of

Rh negative individuals who have been exposed to the D surface antigen.

Which of the following statements about blood is false? Blood is more viscous than water. The normal pH of blood is 6.8 to 7.0. Blood contains buffers that control pH. Cells in blood comprise the formed elements. Blood is about 55 percent plasma.

The normal pH of blood is 6.8 to 7.0.

Which of these statements about basophils is not true? They are abundant. They contain cytoplasmic granules. They promote inflammation. They release histamine.

They are abundant.

The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if

a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal.

All of the following are true of neutrophils, except that they are also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes. active in fighting bacterial infections. important in coagulation. granular leukocytes. phagocytic.

important in coagulation.

Except for the amount of __________, plasma and interstitial fluid differ little in composition.

protein

The most abundant solute (by mass) in plasma is __________.

protein

Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is

recycled to the red bone marrow.

Which of the following would you expect to see in increased numbers in a peripheral blood sample after donating a unit of blood?

reticulocytes

People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because

their blood lacks A or B agglutinins.