Urban Planning Final Exam

A building that uses no more energy than it produces is known as a

A net zero building

Commercial or industrial properties that are often idle, abandoned or underused properties in urban areas and have some degree of environmental contamination are often referred to as ___________________ sites.

Brownfield

A key feature of the Bus Rapid Transit system, so successful in Curitiba, Brazil, is:

Bus only, grade separated right of way

The primary action-forcing device for implementing federal environmental regulations is through a/an ____________________.

EIS

The "urbanized" suburbs have long ceased to be an appendage to the central city - they are a new type of satellite city developed at the periphery of central cites and characterized by 5,000,000 sf of office space, 600,000 sf of retail space, more jobs than bedrooms, perceived as one place and was nothing like a city 30 years ago. These new decentralized cities are often called _________________:

Edge City

The overall goals of sustainable development planning are:

Environmental quality, social equity, and economic development

Growth management is more often used in older central cities than it is in suburban areas.

False

Planning in the US is characterized by centralized control while planning in Europe has historically been characterized by local control.

False

Public transportation usage in the U.S. peaked in the 1970s.

False

The USGBC has established a program to set standards for green buildings under which points are awarded for various green building features. This program is generally referred to as:

LEED

Because good urban design is an elusive quality, accepted design control as administered by community design review boards is based on the rule of:

No Excessive Difference

In planning for metropolitan regions, state governments often set up public authorities to handle a particular cross-jurisdiction issue. The first public authority in the US that was started in 1921 was the ___________________________________

Port Authority of New York and New Jersey

By the 1990's, the planning approach that sought to control urban sprawl was known as:

Smart Growth

One method of reducing the commuter load on roads is to modify traditional zoning practices to allow higher density, mixed-use developments at mass transportation stations. This planning concept, championed by Peter Calthorpe among others, is often referred to as ______________.

TOD

In 1862, the federal government passed ________________, which permitted settlers to claim 160-acre lots in the west if they resided on the land for at least 5 years.

The Homestead Act

The key reason that makes metropolitan regional planning difficult is:

The political problem of cross municipal boundary conflicts

Key areas of regional planning concern include:

Transportation issues Water and sewage issues Air quality issues

Bus rapid transit (BRT) is distinguished from traditional bus systems because they operate on their own right-of-way, have longer spaces between stops, and board from a raised platform.

True

Federal legislation and favorable tax policies have encouraged home ownership since the 1930s. These policies have contributed to suburbanization.

True

Greenbelts and new towns are the most distinctive features of British planning after the Second World War.

True

Growth Management is generally defined as the regulation of the amount, timing, location and character of development.

True

In the United States, the federal style of planning has been mostly to permit and encourage, rather than command.

True

One of the requirements for communities to receive community development block grants is to create and follow a Housing Assistance Plan (HAP).

True

The "Built Environment" refers to any environment that is man-made and provides a structure for human activity:

True

The Supreme Court approved the taking of property from one private owner and ultimately transferring it to another private owner in the 1954 Berman v Parker case.

True

The expansion of railroads in the east and the creation of the transcontinental railroad was funded primarily by federal land grants to rail companies.

True

There has been a shift in transportation planning and management over the last few decades from merely building more infrastructure towards optimizing the performance of the existing system.

True

Urban Renewal intended to be a housing program; replacing bad, old housing with good, new housing.

True

Battery Park City in New York City is an excellent example of:

Urban Design

We reviewed several innovations in transportation management in both the textbook presentation and the Chaddick presentation. Among these innovations are all of the following except:

adding more parking garages

One of the earliest economic development projects in the U.S. was

constructing the Erie Canal which connected the Hudson River to Lake Erie

The Community Development Act of 1974 did all of the following, except:

continued the Urban Renewal program, but with a new name

The flow of federal money for highways, urban redevelopment, and environmental projects increased in the 1960s, but in order to get federal funds, local governments were required to meet federal requirements for regional planning. This federal funding was a factor in bringing about this newer approach to planning:

council of governments

It is hard to identify today the impact of that driverless cars will have on urban planning at this point. But it does appear that they will do all of these, except:

decrease the number of drivers on the road

Communist cities are often characterized by:

dense and compact development abundance of parks and public spaces highly developed public transportation system

Urban Renewal began with the Housing Act of 1949 and had the following goals:

eliminating substandard housing revitalizing city economies reducing de facto segregation

One growth management tool is to require a payment by a developer in return for permitting the development. These are typically used to cover infrastructure costs of new development and are called a/an:

exaction

It is not unusual to find that traffic congestion does not decline after a major project is completed, even though the capacity has increased. This is because the project has spurred more drivers to use the road. While the drive-time may not have changed, more people are taking advantage of the highway. This phenomenon is referred to as:

induced demand

When comparing how transportation is paid for, the following statement is accurate:

private transportation is largely self-financed and public transportation is federally subsidized

The interstate highway system had many results, some unintended. These include:

rapid, safe, high quality transportation between cities and from city to suburb an acceleration of the shift of manufacturing freight from rail-borne to truck-borne the growth of "edge cities" because of the beltway design

Local communities get involved in economic development in the following ways:

reduced property taxes and taxing districts marketing and promoting the community creating industrial parks and incubator buildings using land-use controls (zoning) and providing infrastructure (road and utilities)

One of the main ways to finance an authority such as the Port Authority of New York and New is from _____________. Funds raised are used to pay for projects and then revenue from tolls are used to pay down the debt.

tax-exempt bonds

Dutch planning at the national level is exemplified by _____________, the urban heart of Holland.

the Ranstad Holland

One of France's most pressing planning problems has to do with

the banlieues, or immigrant ghettos

There were unintended consequences of Urban Renewal. These include the following:

the poor could not afford the newer, better housing it required the forced moving of families and businesses it destroyed cheap "incubator" space that attracts new enterprises