Urinalysis and Body Fluids MediaLab - ASCP BOC Review

What is the optimal time to begin initial microscopic examination of a semen specimen, assuming liquefaction is complete? Please select the single best answer 30 minutes 2 hours 4 hours 8 hours

30 minutes analysis should begin no longer than one hour after ejaculation

According to the lower normal reference limit stated by WHO, which of the following sperm concentrations would be considered abnormally low? Please select the single best answer 25 x 10^6 spermatozoa/mL 5 x 10^6 spermatozoa/mL 15 x 10^6 spermatozoa/mL 35 x 10^6 spermatozoa/mL

5 x 10^6 spermatozoa/mL

Which of the following substances are detected with Clinitest® tablets? Please select the single best answer Glucose only Glucose and albumin Ketones All reducing substances

All reducing substances reagent tablet that is based on the classic Benedict's copper reduction reaction

Substances found in urinary sediment that are more easily distinguished by the use of a polarized microscope are: Please select the single best answer WBC RBC Waxy casts Anisotropic cholesterol droplets

Anisotropic cholesterol droplets (fat globules/droplets) tend to form a "maltese cross" pattern when viewed in polarized light

A patient whose diagnosis is hepatitis may have which of the following test positive on urine test strip? Please select the single best answer Ketone Blood Bilirubin Nitrite

Bilirubin

Colorless hexagonal plate crystals seen in a urine specimen are MOST likely to indicate which of the following? Please select the single best answer Gout Renal damage Bilirubinuria Cystinuria

Cystinuria inherited metabolic disorder in which cystine fails to be reabsorbed by the renal tubules

Identify the urine sediment elements present in this illustration: Please select the single best answer WBC casts Hyaline casts Waxy casts Fine granular casts

Fine granular casts

All of the following are standard methods for measuring the specific gravity of urine, EXCEPT: Please select the single best answer Urine reagent strips Freezing point depression Refractometry Harmonic oscillation densitometry

Freezing point depression Osmolality can be measured by freezing point depression, but not specific gravity as specified in this question. Specific gravity is usually directly related to osmolality and it provides a rough measure of the urine concentrating power of the kidney.

The following urine test results were obtained from a 6-month-old African American infant who experiences vomiting and diarrhea after milk ingestion and has failed to gain weight: pH: 5.0 Protein: Negative Glucose: Negative Ketones: Negative Blood: Negative Bilirubin: Negative Nitrite: Negative Urobilinogen: 0.1 EU/dL Clinitest: 2+ These results are clinically significant in which of the following disorders? Please select the single best answer Diabetes mellitus Lactose intolerance Galactosemia Cystic fibrosis

Galactosemia an inherited metabolic disorder that affects an individual's ability to metabolize the sugar galactose effectively. Infants affected by galactosemia typically present with symptoms of lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, failure to thrive, and jaundice.

Nitrates in urine are reduced to nitrites by: Please select the single best answer Gram-positive bacteria Acid-fast bacteria Gram-negative bacteria Yeasts

Gram-negative bacteria

The following image is from a cytocentrifuged preparation of serous fluid. The arrow is pointing to which of the following: Please select the single best answer Neutrophil Lymphocyte Mesothelial cell Malignant cell

Mesothelial cell tissue cells that line the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities. They are normally sloughed from these membranes. Mesothelial cells appear as large, evenly stained cells with moderate to abundant light or dark blue cytoplasm. They may have one or more than one nucleus. The nucleus is smooth, round, and contains homogeneous chromatin. Large, uniform nucleoli may also be seen.

Bence-Jones proteinuria can be seen in all of the following conditions EXCEPT: Please select the single best answer Amyloidosis Nephrotic syndrome Multiple myeloma Macroglobulinemia

Nephrotic syndrome

To determine if xanthochromia is present in a cerebrospinal fluid sample, the sample must be centrifuged within: Please select the single best answer One hour Two hours Three hours Four hours

One hour If tubes are left to sit too long, the red cells can lyse causing hemolysis in the tube which can appear similar to xanthochromia

Effusion fluids are classified as transudates or exudates. According to Light's criteria, all of the following applies to an exudate EXCEPT? Please select the single best answer Pleural fluid/serum protein ratio >0.5 Pleural fluid/serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ratio >0.6 Pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) <2/3 the normal upper limit for serum Serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAGG) <1.1 g/dL

Pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) <2/3 the normal upper limit for serum To be classified as an exudate, the pleural effusion must meet one of the following criteria: Pleural fluid/serum LDH > 2/3 the upper limit for serum Pleural fluid/serum protein ratio >0.5 Pleural fluid/serum LDH ratio >0.6 Serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAGG) <1.1 g/dL

When performing a chemical examination of urine, a routine reagent strip test for protein is based on the principle of: Please select the single best answer Precipitation by acid Protein-error-of-indicators Copper reduction Ictotest tablets

Protein-error-of-indicators The reagent strip test for protein is based on the protein-error-of-indicators principle to produce a visible colorimetric reaction. Precipitation by acid, copper reduction and ictotest tablets are the confirmatory methods for positive protein, glucose, and bilirubin.

All of the following statements are true for the urinalysis reagent strip procedure, EXCEPT? Please select the single best answer Prolonged immersion may wash out reagents. Some tests require specified reading times. The edge of the strip should be run along the lip of the specimen container or touched to absorbent toweling to remove excess urine from the strip. Reagent strip should be immersed in centrifuged urine specimens only.

Reagent strip should be immersed in centrifuged urine specimens only. these should be used on room-temperature urines that have not been spun down yet

Which two of the following crystalline elements are found in acid urine: Please select the single best answer Cystine and calcium carbonate Triple phosphate and calcium carbonate Calcium phosphate and uric acid Tyrosine and cystine

Tyrosine and cystine acidic urine => cystine, leucine, calcium oxalate, sodium urate, sulfonamide, tyrosine, uric acid, and amorphous urates.

Which of the following statements are true regarding the storage and handling of urinalysis chemical reagent strips? Please select the single best answer Variations in temperature during storage will not affect the effectiveness of the chemicals on the reagent pads. Touching the reagent areas of the strip will not interfere with test results. Remove only enough strips for immediate use. The bottle of reagent strips can remain uncovered once it has been opened.

Remove only enough strips for immediate use. storage at various temperatures, touching the reagent areas, and prolonged exposure to light can lead to inaccurate/faulty strips.

Identify the urine sediment element shown by the arrow: Please select the single best answer Waxy cast Hyaline cast Renal tubular epithelial cast Granular cast

Renal tubular epithelial cast

Identify the urine sediment element shown by the arrow: Please select the single best answer Budding yeast Cylindroids Trichomonas Spermatozoa

Spermatozoa

Which acid is most frequently used to precipitate protein for confirmatory urinalysis tests? Please select the single best answer Trichloroacetic Nitric Sulfosalicylic Acetic

Sulfosalicylic (acid)/SSA principle is based on the acidification of proteins which causes turbidity and can be measured based on protein concentration.

A test that can be used as a confirmatory test for urobilinogen is: Please select the single best answer Acetest® Ictotest® Clinitest Watson-Schwartz Test

Watson-Schwartz Test

A yellow coloration found in fresh cerebrospinal fluid supernatant is termed: Please select the single best answer Xanthochromia Hemolysis Jaundice Hyperlipidemia

Xanthochromia

The constituents that are indicated by the arrows in this image of stained urine sediment are: Please select the single best answer Red blood cells Yeast Renal epithelial cells Leukocytes

Yeast (budding) acetic acid can be added to urine samples to lyse red blood cells and leave the remaining sediment intact to differentiate between red cells and yeast.

Cells seen in the microscopic examination of the urine of a 30-year-old female, which are smaller than RBC's but much the same shape, are probably: Please select the single best answer Yeast cells Small lymphocytes Squamous epithelial cells Trichomonas vaginalis

Yeast cells