Urinalysis Unit 2

Acetest tablets may be used to detect Ketones in plasma, serum or whole blood. T/F

T

Clinitest tests for any reducing substances. T/F

T

Normal urine shows a negative Ketone result. T/F

T

Normal urine will show a negative dipstick result. T/F

T

The Clinitest table reaction is based on the classic Benedict's copper reduction test. T/F

T

The glucose portion on the dipstick does not react with lactose, galactose, fructose or other reducing substances. T/F

T

The pad for glucose on dipstick is specific for glucose. T/F

T

Urine preservatives do not prevent the deterioration of Ketones. T/F

T

Clinitest tablets should be stored in the refrigerator. T/F

F

Nitrite in a urine specimen suggests the presence of ____________

bacteria

Acetest tablets do not react with:

beta-hydroxybutyric acid

There are no dipstick tests for urinary ketones that measure:

beta-hydroxybutyric acid

The ideal specimen for urobilinogen testing is collected:

between 2 and 4 in the afternoon in a dark bottle

The most important anion which helps in buffering [H+] in the blood is:

bicarbonate

The "pass through" phenomenon involves an extremely rapid color change through green to tan to orange followed by a reversion from orange to ___________. If the "pass through" phenomenon is observed, a special "___drop" Clinitest tablet is available which allows quantitation up to ___%

blue 5%

For the Clinitest a ________color indicates negative, while a ________color indicates a 2% amount of reducing substances present.

blue orange

The single most important indicator of renal disease is

protein

The nephrotic syndrome is manifested by:

proteinuria, hypoproteinemia and edema

Clinitest tablets:

react with sufficient quantities of any reducing substance.

Bilirubin is formed from the breakdown of

red blood cells

Proteinuria is probably the best single piece of evidence for the presence of ___________disease.

renal

_________________ is when minimum detectable levels of an analyte result in a positive test. Test should be positive in a diseased population.

sensitivity

_________________ is when what is actually being measured in a test is the only thing that make a test result show up as positive. Subjects with a negative test without the disease.

specificity

The SSA test should be performed on:

specimens with Bence Jones protein urine that has been centrifuged

Which of the following reactions would be seen in a sample that is positive by the sulfosalicylic acid test?

turbidity or precipitation

In the intestines bacteria reduce bilirubin to a colorless compound called _________________________________

urobilinogen

Will the reagent strip for protein be positive if the only protein present is Bence Jones Protein? ____ Why?

NO Bence Jones is a globulin and dipstick is most sensitive to Albumin

Ketosis is most frequently associated with:

diabetes mellitus

Measurement of micro-albuminuria is useful to monitor patients with:

diabetes mellitus

Clinical conditions associated with glycosuria include:

diabetes mellitus renal tubular damage head injuries

Red cells will disintegrate more rapidly in urine that is:

dilute & alkaline

______________ is the presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces of the body.

edema

Increased urine concentration of ascorbic acid may result in:

false negative glucose by glucose oxidase test

Urine glucose will be __________ by exposure of unpreserved urine to room temperature.

falsely decreased

Normally, most urobilinogen is excreted in the

feces

A urinalysis performed on a 2 week old infant with diarrhea shows a neg. reaction with the glucose oxidase reagent strip. A copper reduction tablet test should be performed to check the urine sample for the presence of:

galactose

List 3 causes of a pathological increase in protein. (renal causes)

glomerular disorders, toxic agents, tubular disorders

If the "pass through" phenomenon occurs without being noticed:

a falsely decreased glucose value will be reported

Significant amounts of protein in the urine are assumed to be due to a dysfunction of the kidney. This dysfunction is usually due to increased permeability of the ___________________ .

glomerulus

Clinitest tables should be protected from _________, ___________ and ______________

heat , light and moisture

A clear red urine with a 4+ reagent strip reaction for blood may contain:

hemoglobin lysed red blood cells myoglobin

A positive urine bilirubin and positive urine urobilinogen indicates:

hepatitis

A pH of 9 is usually associated with

improperly preserved specimen

Bilirubinuria may be associated with:

infectious hepatitis

Unconjugated bilirubin is ______ in water.

insoluble

When bilirubin is found in the urine it can be assumed that:

it has been conjugated in the liver

Excessive fat metabolism, as is seen in diabetes mellitus, is indicated by the presence in the urine of:

ketone bodies

An antidiuretic hormone deficiency is associated with:

low specific gravity diabetes insipidus

The higher the pH level of urine, the

lower the hydrogen ion conc.

Bence-Jones Protein is commonly found in the urine in cases of:

multiple myeloma

The Acetest tablet is based on the ____ reaction with certain Ketone bodies to give a __________ color.

nitroprusside lavender

The Ketone test on the chemical strip is based upon the

nitroprusside reaction

Protein excreted in the urine by an individual while standing erect but not while lying down is termed:

orthostatic

Knowing the pH of a urine may be helpful in:

a. identifying crystals found in the urine b. recognizing false results due to excessively acid or alk. urines c. management of patients with a history of Kidney stones

A urinalysis report shows: Bilirubin: negative Urobilinogen: 4 EU Blood: small Nitrite: negative This suggests:

abnormal destruction of RBCs in the body

A positive sodium nitroprusside reaction is associated with:

abnormal fat metabolism

The Ketone test on the dipstick is most sensitive to

acetoacetic acid

The Acetest tablets are most sensitive to_____________________________

acetoacetic acid and acetone

What are the chief chemical urinary findings in the following? diabetes mellitus liver disease hemolytic anemias bile obstruction

+ glucose & + ketones + bilirubin & + urobilinogen + urobilinogen & - bilirubin - urobilinogen & + bilirubin

The normal renal threshold for glucose is ________________

160-180 mg/dl

The normal urine pH range in a healthy individual is:

4.5 - 8.0

A unique property of light chain disease is precipitation when heated to ___ c and dissolving at 100 C.

40-60

The Clinitest tablet procedure normally requires ___drops of urine and___ drops of water.

5 10

The average pH of a freshly voided urine specimen is:

6

Name 2 reasons for measuring urinary pH.

Acid-base disorders & Diabetes mellitus

Total Protein = Albumin + Globulin. The reagent strip used for the detection of protein in urine are most reactive to:

albumin

Galactose will react with:

Clinitest but not Chemstrip

List 2 causes of a physiological (non-pathological) increase in protein.

Infection-High fever, Strenuous exercise

__________ refers to the accumulation of bilirubin in the blood and tissues resulting in a yellow color in the patient's skin, mucous membranes and whites of the eyes.

Jaundice

Para-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde is a name for ____ ____ or _____________ reagent.

Kovac's or Indole or Erlich's