Urinalysis/Body Fluids

What is the lower reference limit for sperm concentration according to WHO> A. 5 x 10^6 spermatozoa/mL B. 10 x 10^6 spermatozoa/mL C 15 x 10^6 spermatozoa/mL D. 30 x 10^6 spermatozoa/mL

C

Which crystal appears as flat, transparent plates with notched corners and is found in acidic urine? A. Leucine B. Tyrosine C. Cholesterol D. Cystine

C

Which of the following is true of glucose levels in the CSF of an otherwise healthy individual? A. There is no glucose in the CSF of a healthy person B. The CSF glucose should be about 20 to 30% of the plasma glucose level C. The CSF glucose should be about 60 to 70% of the plasma glucose level D. The CSF glucose should be the same as the plasma glucose level

C

Which of the following may cause a false positive bilirubin result on a urine chemical reagent strip? A. Urobilinogen B. Presence of nitrites C. Large doses of chloropromazine D. Urobilin

C

Which of the following tests on amniotic fluid would be included when assessing fetal lung maturity? A. Alpha fetoprotein B. Bilirubin C. L/S ratio D. Fetal hemoglobin

C

A CSF sample from a possible meningitis patient demonstrated a round, budding yeast of variable size on Gram stain. The specimen was cultures to routine fungal media without cycloheximide. The organism rapidly produced urease and demonstrated brown pigmented colonies on niger seed agar. The organism ID is: A. Cryptococcus neoformans B. Candida albicans C. Malassezia furfur D. Trichosporon species

A

A tech is having trouble differentiating between RBCs, oil droplets, and yeast cells on a urine microscopy. Acetic acid should be added to the sediment to: A. Lyse the yeast cells B. Lyse the RBCs C. Dissolve the oil droplets D. Crenate the red blood cells

B

A urine specimen produced yellow foam when shaken. What is the cause of the yellow foam? A. Phosphates B. Bilirubin C. Normal D. RBCs

B

Four tubes of CSF on the same patient were received in the lab. It was noted on the report that all four tubes contained visible blood. Which of the following is the best explanation for this finding? A. Traumatic tap B. Subarachnoid hemorrhage C. Meningitis D. WAHA

B

Normal adult CSF may have 0-5 WBCs/uL. Which of the following cell types account for 60-100% of these WBCs? A. Neutrophils B. Lymphocytes C. Monocytes D. Eosinophils

B

On a cytospin prep from a pleural fluid, 50% of the cells have the following characteristics: -uniform, regular arrangement -some cells resemble a "fried egg" -multiple nuclei -smooth nuclear outline and homogeneous chromatin -when present in clumps, there are clear spaces between the cells ("windows") How should these cells be classified? A. Atypical cancer cells B. Mesothelial cells C. Tumor cells D. Ependymal cells

B

On a patient that has a large amount of glucose in their urine, what would be the expected SG taken from a refractometer in comparison to the dipstick SG? A. Refractometer SG would be lower than dipstick SG B. Refractometer SG would be higher than dipstick SG C. Dipstick SG would be the same as refractometer SG D. Unable to determine

B

What is the most common parasite found in urine? It has a flagellate and is often the result of vaginal contamination. A. Yeast B. Trichomonas C. Epithelial cells D. Starch crystals

B

Which of the following crystals would most likely be found in normal alkaline urine? A. Amorphous urates B. Triple phosphate C. Uric acid D. Calcium oxalate

B

Which of the following is an example of a macroscopic urinalysis abnormality? A. Glitter cells B. Positive protein C. Waxy casts D. RBC casts

B

Which of the following macroscopic findings is most consistent with the microscopic finding of casts? A. Specific gravity of 1.005 B. Positive protein C. Alkaline pH D. Clear urine

B

A patient has been diagnosed with an upper GI bleed. Which of the following would be characteristic for this condition? A. Red stool B. Pale yellow, white, or gray stool C. Stool much darker brown or black color D. Mucous or blood-streaked mucus stool

C

All of the following statements about a urine specimen are true except: A. The urine specimen should be tested within two hours of collection if the specimen is stored at room temp B. The urine specimen should be at room temp prior to testing C. The urine specimen should always be centrifuged before performing the chemical reagent strip testing D. The urine specimen must be well-mixed before performing the chemical reagent strip testing

C

For best results, if not tested immediately, a semen sample should remain at which of the following temperatures following collection? A. 4 C B. Room temperature C. 37 C D. -40 C

C

In reference to semen analysis microscopic examination, differentiation and enumeration of "round cells" which are often present in semen count are referred as: A. Sperm vitality B. Seminal fluid fructose C. WBCs D. Bacteria

C

Semi-automated and automated urine chemical reagent strip readers: A. Increase the sensitivity of the urine dipsticks B. Increase the specificity of the urine dipsticks C. Remove subjectivity allowing for better reproducibility D. Guarantee the sensitivity and specificity of urine dipsticks

C

The reagent strip method for protein primarily tests for which type of protein? A. Globulin B. Bence-Jones protein C. Albumin D. Mucoprotein

C

What is the lower reference limit for progressive motility of spermatozoa when performing a semen analysis? A. 12% B. 22% C. 32% D. 40%

C

Which test uses a vaginal fluid specimen to differentiate amniotic fluid from urine and other body fluids? A. Optical density (OD) of bilirubin B. Osmolality C. Fern test D. Amine (Whiff) test

C

Which crystal appears as hexagonal plates and is present in acidic urine? A. Leucine B. Tyrosine C. Cholesterol D. Cystine

D

A urine concentration test was performed on a patient after fluid deprivation period with the following findings: After 12 hours urine osmolality = 850 mOsm/kg After 16 hours urine osmolality = 850 mOsm/kg What do these results indicate? A. This represents normal kidney function B. This represents loss of tubular function and concentration ability C. This represents a laboratory error, as these results are not medically possible D. These results represent end stage renal disease

A

All of the following normal urine crystals are most often found in a urine that has a pH > 7 except: A. Calcium oxalate B. Triple phosphate C. Ammonium biurate D. Calcium carbonate

A

CSF lymphocytosis is associated with all of the following except: A. Cerebral abscess B. Viral meningitis C. Chronic fungal meningitis D. Chronic tuberculosis meningitis

A

How does ion concentration in the urine relate to specific gravity? A. Specific gravity increases as ionic concentration increases B. Specific gravity decreases as ionic concentration increases C. There is no relationship between SG and ionic concentration D. Specific gravity stays the same regardless of the ionic concentration

A

What test can be used as a confirmatory test for proteinuria? A. Acetest B. Benedict's test C. Fehling's test D. Sulfosalicylic acid test

D

All of the following characteristics of CSF are considered abnormal except: A. Turbidity B. Bloody appearance C. Xanthochromia D. Fluid is colorless

D

Homogentisic acid in urine will cause urine to be which of the following colors? A. Green B. Pink C. Port-wine D. Brown/black

D

Significantly increased levels of ketones are typically detected in the urine with all of the following conditions, except: A. Diabetic acidosis B. Excessive carbohydrate loss C. Starvation D. Following a low-impact exercise routine

D

Substances found in urinary sediment that are more easily distinguished by use of polarized microscope are: A. WBC B. RBC C. Waxy casts D. Anisotropic cholesterol droplets

D

Which crystal has concentric circles with radial striations and is found in acidic-neutral urine? A. Leucine B. Tyrosine C. Cholesterol D. Cystine

A

Which crystal looks like fine silky needles arranged in rosettes or bundles in acidic-neutral urine? A. Leucine B. Tyrosine C. Cholesterol D. Cystine

B

Which of the following cells when found upon microscopic examination of the urine would be most indicative of kidney disease: A. WBCs and bacteria B. Tubular epithelial cells C. Squamous epithelial cells D. RBCs

B

Which of the following cells when found upon microscopic examination of the urine would be most indicative of kidney disease? A. WBCs and bacteria B. RTE cells C. Squamous epithelial cells D. RBCs

B

What ID would you give to a cellular clump found in CSF that appear with many similar-appearing nuclei without distinct lines of demarcation between cells? A. Cartilage cell B. Tumor cell clump C. Ependymal clump D. Lymphoblast clump

C