urinary, endocrine, and reproductive test review

dialysis involves the use of a device that rids the blood of harmful wastes by passing the blood through:

a semibermeable membrane

a 47-year-old man went to see the doctor. when reviewing family pictures, the patient's wife noted that her husband had developed enlargement in the hands, lips, and nose. his chin also protrudes more than it use to. following some laboratory studies, the doctor diagnosed the patient with:

acromegaly

trey has the appearance of a tan even during the winter months. during a physical exam, he had low blood pressure and low blood sugar. these symptoms are indicative of:

addison's disease

hormone release provides immediate body responses because the hormones are directed toward:

target orgah cells

which structure of the male reproductive system is suspended in a sac?

testes

dehydration has a direct effect on urine formation. the proximal convoluted tubules are responsible for correcting the water imbalance found with dehydration. what is this process called?

reabsorption

mr. gavin has had polyuria for several weeks. when he went to the doctor, his urinalysis was normal. further studies revealed that mr. gavin had a disorder that affected the release of ADH. which function of the urinary system was affected?

reabsorption

excessive substances in urinary filtrate, such as sodium and potassium, lead to their elimination. which process of elimination is this urinary system function?

secretion

which structure produces secretions that provide nutrients and protection to sperm upon ejaculation?

seminal vesticles

liver damage, heart disease, testicular changes, and breast growth in males are symptoms of:

steroid use

a small child was being chased by a large dog. out of fear, the child ran really fast. which hormone enabled the child to get away from the dog?

adrenal

in an emergency situation, the "fight or flight" hormone will increase the heart rate and blood pressure. this hormone is:

adrenaline

the pituitary gland is located:

at the base of the brain

which structure is a hollow muscular sac?

bladder

which structure of the male reproductive system is pea-sized and inferior to the prostate?

bulbourethral gland

which structure of the female reproductive system serves as the narrow opening of the uterus that extends into the vagina?

cervix

jack takes his blood pressure medicine every morning, after taking his medicine, he experiences urinary frequency. what type of blood pressure medicine is jack taking?

diuretic

the adrenal glands are located directly above the kidneys are:

divided into cortex and medulla

progesterone supports and helps maintain pregnancy. during which menstrual stage is progesterone produced?

corpus luteum stage

jeremy is on the cross country team at school. he notices that after practice his urine is dark amber-colored and he is violating very small amounts. jeremy is experiencing:

dehydration

the pancreas is also an organ of the:

digestive system

the student presented at her doctor's office with complaints of dysuria, urinary frequency, and a lower abdominal discomfort. upon examination, the doctor discovered that the student's hygiene was inadequate. which organism most likely caused the student's symptoms?

e-coli

which female reproductive disorder is characterized by abdominal pain, excessive menstrual bleeding, and the potential for permanent damage of the reproductive organs including sterility?

endometriosis

which structure of the male reproductive system stores sperm and connects to the testes?

epididymis

on his way to work, the student witnessed a traffic accident. his heart rate increased and his mental alertness improved as he assisted the victims. the student's response resulted from the release of:

epinephrine

a teenage girl that has undeveloped breasts and has not started her menstrual cycle indicates that a hormone deficiency exists. what hormone is deficient?

estrogen

the two synthetic hormones that are used in oral contraceptive are:

estrogen and progesterone

jessica recently learned that she is pregnant. she knows that fertilization normally takes place in the oviduct. which structure functions in this manner?

fallopian tubes

jessica is experiencing hematuria. which process of urine formation has been innefective?

filtration

the patient in chronic renal failure is treated with hemodialysis. what renal function does hemodialysis replace?

filtration

an organ that produces secretions called hormones is known as:

gland

which STI presents with painful urination and a yellow discharge in males and may have no symptoms in females?

gonhorrhea

the endocrinologist saw a patient whose parents were concerned about their 8 year old child's short statures. the physician suspects that the child may have a deficiency in:

growth hormone

the patient sustained an electric shock when he accidentally touched live wires while cleaning up the yard following a severe storm. the shock affected his urinary function and resulted oliguria and uremia. how will the patient's symptoms be treated if he develops anuria?

hemodialysis

terri has an excessive appetite but has trouble gaining weight. she also has exophthalmos. what disorder might she have?

hyperthyroidism

the endocrine disorder that could be prevented by using iodized salt is:

hypothyroidism

mr. burns had a stroke and has been urinating involuntarily. what is this condition called?

incontinence

which structure of the female reproductive system is composed of fat deposits that surround the entrance to the vagina?

labia majora

breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women between the ages of 32 and 52. which procedure may provide early detection and increased life expectancy for women with breast cancer?

mammogram

monica is breastfeeding her newborn baby. she notices her left breast is red, tender, and edematous. which female reproductive disorder is she experiencing?

mastitis

what term describes the discharge of an unfertilized ovum and degenerated endometrium from the female reproductive tract?

menstration

which function of the female reproductive system is demonstrated with menarche?

menstration

the functional unit of the kidney is the:

nephro

the bowman's capsule, a proximal convoluted tubule, and loop of henle are all parts of a:

nephron

menopause normally occurs between the ages of forty-five to fifty-five, but can be induced prematurely by which procedure?

oophorectomy

which structure of the female reproductive system connects the ova?

ovary

during this stage of the menstrual cycle LH, estrogen, and FSH hormones circulate within a female's body. this stage in the menstrual cycle is the:

ovulation stage

the pregnant woman began to have contractions of the uterus in preparation for childbirth. what is the name of the hormone that initiated her contractions?

oxytocin

janie has hyperglycemia and is being treated with insulin. which of janie's endocrine glands is functioning inefficiently?

pancreas

which endocrine gland contains the islets of langerhans

pancreas

women that are sexually active should have an annual exam and screening for the early detection of cervical cancer. this screening is a:

papsmear

which gland is divided into anterior and posterior lobes?

pituitary glands

the medical term for excessive urination is:

polyuria

the obstetrician instructs a new mother about the changes in her body. he explains that her breast milk production is the result of:

prolactin

which gland produces fluid that aids in the expulsion of semen and enhances the motility of sperm?

prostate

mandy's grandfather is having difficulty urinating and the doctor says he may have a problem with one of the glands of the male reproductive system. to which gland is the doctor referring?

prostate gland

which structure of the male reproductive system surrounds the urethra at the neck of the bladder?

prostate gland

what is the correct pathway for sperm from spermatogenesis to ejaculation?

testes - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory ducts - urethra

the 22-year-old patient consulted his physician after noticing scrotal heaviness, back pain, and breast development. upon examination, the physician diagnosed him with:

testicular cancer

a 19-year-old male that has not begun to develop chest hair, a deep voice, or increased muscle mass may be deficient in which hormone?

testosterone

the patient had two of his/her parathyroid glands surgically removed. this procedure can lead to a condition characterized by muscle twitching and seizures. the condition that the patient must be aware of is:

tetany

jackie complained to her doctor about nervousness and weight loss though she has has increased food intake. laboratory tests revealed that jackie had an elevated level of which hormone?

throxin

which gland is posterior to the sternum?

thymus

which gland is butterfly-shaped are located in the anterior neck on either side of the larynx?

thyroid

kelsey has an inflammatory response as a result of tampon misuse. her symptoms include abdominal tenderness, hypotension, respiratory distress, and renal failure. which female reproductive disorder is she experiencing?

toxic shock syndrome

if kidney stones get too large, they can cause severe flank pain and hydronephrosis because they block the:

ureter

urine leaves the kidney by the way of the:

ureter

which structure of the male reproductive system is shared between the urinary and reproductive systems?

urethra

during a vasectomy what structure is severed to produce sterility in the male?

vas deferens

which 45-centimeter structure of the male reproductive system connects the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct?

vas deferens

during a course of antibiotics for a urinary tract infection, the patient began to experience vaginal itching, burning, and leukorrhea. the patient exhibited signs of a:

yeast infection