Urinary system
which hormone directly increases water reabsorption, but not Na+ reabsorption in kidneys
ADH
which of the following hormones increase urine production
ANP
respiratory alkalosis
Arise in blood pH due to hyperventilation (excessive breathing) and a resulting decrease in CO2.
what is the normal pH for blood
7.35-7.45
respiratory acidosis
A drop in blood pH due to hypoventilation (too little breathing) and a resulting accumulation of Co2.
name all organs of the urinary system
kidneys urethra ureters urinary bladder
pH is regulated by
kidneys, lungs, and chemical buffers
metabolic acidosis
low pH, low HCO3
what is not a function of the urinary system
maintaining blood oxygen level
transcellular reabsorption
material moves through both the apical and basal membranes of the tubule cell by active transport
pH is low and CO2 is low
metabolic acidosis
pH is high and CO2 is high
metabolic alkalosis
all of the following are parts of a nephron except
minor calyx
chloride
most common anion membrane potentials HCl
sodium
most common cation,extracellular RMP,AP
potassium
most intracellular, RMP, AP
Magnesium
mostly intracellular stored in bone part of some enzymes
organic ions
mostly various acids, generated during metabolism, concentrations in blood
What is the functional unit of kidney called
nephron
alkalosis
pH above 7.45 becomes basic
acidosis
pH below 7.35 becomes acidic
paracellular reabsorption
passive fluid leakage between cells
List buffer systems that maintain blood pH.
proteins bicarbonate phosphate
. In which part of the nephron does the most of the reabsorption occur?
proximal convoluted tubule
ADH
regulates water and solute loss by controlling sodium levels
what are the functions of the urinary system?
removes wastes, drugs and toxins regulates water volume and ion concentrations regulates acid-base balance secretes erythropoietin ( regulation of RBC production) kidneys secrete renin ( blood pressure regulation) convert vitamin D into active form ( calcitriol hormone) perform gluconeogenesis ( in kidney during starvation)
A blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney is called
renal artery
which of the following biologically -active molecules is secreted by kidneys
renin
Ph is low, CO2 is high
respiratory acidosis
pH is high and the CO2 is low
respiratory alkalosis
what type of pH abnormality will a person develop if he hyperventilates
respiratory alkalosis
Phosphate
stored in bone controlled by same hormones as Ca intracellular, important molecules like DNA and phospholipids
urine is transported from a kidney to the urinary bladder by
ureter
males have a longer_____than women
urethra
if we need more pH to be more basic, breathing rate will
increase, exhaling more CO2 which will lead to decrease in level of carbonic acid in the blood
Kidney produces all of the following biologically-active substances (hormones), except ______
Epinephrine
What is GFR and how is it affected by NFP?
GFR = is the volume of filtrate formed each minute in all 2 million of glomeruli It is affected by NFP by the hydrostatic pressure.
most of the blood solutes are reabsorbed from the filtrate in
PCT
From the renal corpuscle primary filtrate flows into which structure?
PCT proximal convoluted tubule
most of water and NaCl absorption happens in which part of nephron
Proximal convoluted tubule
Kidney is covered on the outside by the ______
Renal capsule
Inside the kidney urine is collected in the ______ before it enters the ureter.
Renal pelvis
What is one of the waste products, that is excreted by healthy kidneys?
Urea
which of the following chemicals would not normally be present in primary filtrate in healthy kidneys
albumin
if we need pH to be more acidic breathing rate will
decrease, preserving CO2 that makes more carbonic acid
Calcium
extracellular and in SR muscle contraction stored in bone
bicarbonate
generated from CO2 and water
filtration happens in which part of nephron
glomerulus
The renal corpuscle consists of
glomerulus and bowman's capsule
which chemical is completely reabsorbed back to the blood from the filtrate in healthy kidneys?
glucose
which of the following substance is completely reabsorbed from filtrate in healthy kidneys
glucose
metabolic alkalosis
high pH, high HCO3