U.S History A Ch. 4 Mr.Kelly

Quartering Act

1765 - Required the colonials to provide food, lodging, and supplies for the British troops in the colonies.

Stamp Act

1765; law that taxed printed goods, including: playing cards, documents, newspapers, etc.

Monmouth

1778 Revolutionary War battle site in New Jersey where neither side won a clear victory

Kings Mountain

1780 battle in NC where Patriots defeated Loyalist militia; many neutral citizens swung over to patriot side and there was increased dislike of the British

Boston Tea Party

A 1773 protest against British taxes in which Boston colonists disguised as Mohawks dumped valuable tea into Boston Harbor.

Saratoga

A battle that took place in New York where the Continental Army defeated the British. It proved to be the turning point of the war. This battle ultimately had France to openly support the colonies with military forces in addition to the supplies and money already being sent.

manumission

A grant of legal freedom to an individual slave.

Sons of Liberty

A radical political organization for colonial independence which formed in 1765 after the passage of the Stamp Act. They incited riots and burned the customs houses where the stamped British paper was kept. After the repeal of the Stamp Act, many of the local chapters formed the Committees of Correspondence which continued to promote opposition to British policies towards the colonies. The Sons leaders included Samuel Adams and Paul Revere.

Battle of Princeton

A week after the Battle at Trenton, Washington left a few men to tend some campfires and fool the enemy again. He quietly marched his army to Princeton, where they surprised and beat a British force. New Jersey turned Patriot. This battle helped the American morale because they won.

John Adams

America's first Vice-President and second President. Sponsor of the American Revolution in Massachusetts, and wrote the Massachusetts guarantee that freedom of press "ought not to be restrained."

Thomas Paine

American Revolutionary leader and pamphleteer (born in England) who supported the American colonist's fight for independence and supported the French Revolution (1737-1809) Wrote the book ¨Common Sense¨

nonimportation agreements

Boycotts against British goods adopted in response to the Stamp Act and, later, the Townshed and Intolerable Acts. The agreements were the most effective form of protest against British policies in the colonies.

How does Britain try to stop the Americans from smuggling? And what is the result?

Britain patrols the East Coast and raid towns, stealing and burning things down. In response Americans set a ship on fire when it gets stuck in the mud in Rhode Island

Lord North

British Prime Minister during revolution. He had passed the Intolerable Acts and supported the king greatly to the extent that Britain was ruled only by the king.

Thomas Gage

British general who controlled Boston following the Boston Tea Party.

Hutchinson

British governor of Massachusetts whose stubborn policies helped provoke the Boston Tea Party

Geroge Washington

Commander of the Continental Army. Served as colonial officer in the French and Indian War

Charles Cornwallis

Commanding general of the British forces that were defeated at Yorktown in 1781, ending the American Revolution.

Commitees of Correspondence

Committees created by the Massachusetts House of Representatives in the 1760s to help towns and colonies share information about resisting British laws.

Committees of Correspondence

Committees of Correspondence, organized by patriot leader Samuel Adams, was a system of communication between patriot leaders in New England and throughout the colonies. They provided the organization necessary to unite the colonies in opposition to Parliament. The committees sent delegates to the First Continental Congress.

Declaration of Independence

Congress selected a committee to write a document declaring independence and the reasons for it. After Congress voted on America's freedom on July 2, they approved the draft created by Thomas Jefferson. Used Paine's ideas of denouncing the king, a tyrant, listed some grievances, and stated that "all men are created equal".

4.2 Why did the Second Continental Congress send the Olive Branch Petition to the king?

Congress sent the "Olive Branch Petition" to the king because most of the colonies wanted to remain in the British Empire but did not want to pay taxes to Parliament. So, it stated that the colonists would remain loyal to the king but not to Parliament. It was also after 3 months of long gruesome battling between British troops and the Continental Army and most of the colonists were tired and unequipped for fighting.

Quebec Act

Extended boundaries of Quebec and granted equal rights to Catholics and recognized legality Catholic Church in the territory; colonists feared this meant that a pope would soon oversee the colonies.

Battle of Bunker Hill

First major battle of the Revolutions. It showed that the Americans could hold their own, but the British were also not easy to defeat. Ultimately, the Americans were forced to withdraw after running out of ammunition, and Bunker Hill was in British hands. However, the British suffered more deaths.

Marquis de Lafayette

French soldier who joined General Washington's staff and became a general in the Continental Army.

Why does John Adams Defend British soldiers in court?

He does this to show that he can be fair and show mercy unlike the British

Massachusets Government Act

Shut down Mass. Government and put Thomas Gage (a general) in charge

4.4 Why did the British lose the war?

The British lost the war because they underestimated the Patriots.The Patriots were fighting for their homes and knew the land which gave them a major advantage over the British army

4.3 In what ways did the British misunderstand the conflict with the colonies?

The British misunderstood the conflict with the colonies by thinking it was a traditional European war and that if they defeated the continental army and captured seaports that the colonists would surrender. They did all of these things but still lost the war.

First Continental Congress

The First Continental Congress convened on September 5, 1774, to protest the Intolerable Acts. The congress endorsed the Suffolk Resolves, voted for a boycott of British imports, and sent a petition to King George III, conceding to Parliament the power of regulation of commerce but stringently objecting to its arbitrary taxation and unfair judicial system.

4.3 How important was French assistance to the Patriots' struggle? Explain your answer.

The French were the only reason we won the Revolution. Without the French navy coming to our aid, we would have lost the final battle, we also would not have gained the discipline from the training of Marquis De Lafayette

4.4 Explain the effects of the revolution on minority groups and women

The effects of the Revolution on minorities and groups of women caused women to gain few political rights or legal rights as a result of the war. However they did win respect based on the new conception of women as "republican mothers"

Boston Massacre

The first bloodshed of the American Revolution (1770), as British guards at the Boston Customs House opened fire on a crowd killing five Americans

4.2 Why did Loyalists oppose independence from Great Britain?

The loyalists opposed independence from Britain because they remained loyal to Britain and the king. They believed in Parliament's right to tax them, even without representation, and that Britain had the right to rule over them. This is likely because they believed they were still British citizens.

4.3 How were the Patriots able to continue fighting despite losing most of the battles?

The patriots were able to keep fighting despite losing most of the battles because they refused to surrender and they hired mercenaries from other countries to fight for them so even through they were losing people they could still fight.

4.4 Summarize the terms of the Treaty of Paris

The terms of the Treaty of Paris recognized American Independence and granted some very generous boundaries to the United States.

4.2 Why did Thomas Paine argue so forcefully for independence?

Thomas Paine argued forcefully for independence because he was a recent immigrant of England who denounced the King and aristocrats. He called them frauds and parasites. He believed the common folk should elect their government completely. He believed the king was the greatest enemy, which is why he pushed for the breaking away, rather than making amends with the crown and not Parliament. He believed the rigid class structure of England made it hard for those with less or little money to prosper. Furthermore, he believed a independent America would provide opportunity for everyone and would thrive without a king.

Thomas Jefferson

Wrote the Declaration of Independence and was the 3rd president

Patrick Henry

a leader of the American Revolution and a famous orator who spoke out against British rule of the American colonies (1736-1799) ¨Give me liberty or Give me death¨

mercenary

a professional soldier hired by a foreign army

Second Continental Congress

delegates from almost all of the colonies assembled in Philadelphia on May 1775. Assumed all responsibility to the war in New England. They gave command to the new Continental Army to George Washington. Members with radical views wanted to declare independence for america but knew not everyone saw it that way.

William Howe

during the summer of 1776, he led hundreds of British ships and 32,000 British soldiers to New York, and offered Congress the choice between surrender with royal pardon and a battle against the odds, and despite having far fewer troops, the Americans rejected the offer.

Yorktown

in 1781 during the American Revolution the British under Cornwallis surrendered after a siege of three weeks by American and French troops

Intolerable Acts

in response to Boston Tea Party, 4 acts passed in 1774, Port of Boston closed, reduced power of assemblies in colonies, permitted royal officers to be tried elsewhere, provided for quartering of troop's in barns and empty houses

Boston Port Act

response to Boston Tea Party, outlawed use of Boston harbor until damages were paid to the crown

Loyalist

they were colonists who stayed loyal to the British and left for refuge in Boston after Patriots gained control of New England

Continental Army

this was an army created by second continental congress to fight against the British in the Revolutionary War. It consisted of volunteers who were armed from the Southern and Middle colonies. This was fought in New England

King George III

King of England during the American Revolution

Natural Rights

Life, Liberty, and Property. Stated in the declaration of independence. This quote was from John Locke and put in by Jefferson

Battle of Trenton

On Christmas day at night, Washington's soldiers began crossing the Delaware River. The next morning, they surprise attacked the British mercenaries which were Hessian.

Militia

Patriot fighters rallied with one another to drive the British troops back to Boston. They were actually farmers full-time and soldiers part-time. They were able to gather from warnings given by people like Paul Revere.

Valley Forge

Place where Washington's army spent the winter of 1777-1778, a 4th of troops died here from disease and malnutrition, Steuben comes and trains troops

Benjamin Franklin

Printer, author, inventor, diplomat, statesman, and Founding Father. One of the few Americans who was highly respected in Europe, primarily due to his discoveries in the field of electricity.

Treaty of Paris

(1898) treaty that ended the Spanish American war. Provided that Cuba be free from Spain.