US History B - The '70s and '80s (Unit #5)

In 1987, Reagan and Gorbachev signed the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty. What did the INF Treaty do? A. improved US-Soviet relations through reduction of arms B. increased Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union C. ended the Cold War and made the United States the world's only superpower D. angered many Americans, who did not favor compromise

A. improved US-Soviet relations through reduction of arms

How many American soldiers died during the Vietnam War? A. more than 50,000 B. more than 100,000 C. more than 200,000 D. more than 1,000,000

A. more than 50,000

As a result of a revolution in Iran during 1978 and 1979, A. oil supplies to the US were disrupted, causing oil prices to rise. B. the cartel of countries controlling part of the oil market decided to increase production. C. the cartel of countries controlling part of the oil market decided to stop production. D. the United States cut off diplomatic relations with Iran's government.

A. oil supplies to the US were disrupted, causing oil prices to rise.

Reagan's plans for the Strategic Defense Initiative A. pressured the Soviets to build similar technologies. B. involved decreasing stocks of US nuclear weapons. C. resulted in a decisive end to the Cold War. D. provided opportunity for peace talks to begin.

A. pressured the Soviets to build similar technologies.

Under President Carter, the Federal Reserve A. raised interest rates in an attempt to slow down inflation. B. lowered interest rates in an attempt to help the economy. C. increased discrimination against borrowers. D. decreased wages paid to federal workers.

A. raised interest rates in an attempt to slow down inflation.

According to Reagan's supply-side economics, the first step to triggering the cycle of growth was A. reducing taxes. B. raising taxes. C. regulating businesses. D. creating government programs.

A. reducing taxes.

The goal of perestroika was to A. reform the Soviet economy. B. limit choices available to Soviet consumers. C. slow the development of a free market. D. increase Soviet factory and farm production.

A. reform the Soviet economy.

What was the nickname for President Reagan's plan to destroy Soviet nuclear missiles in space? A. Reaganomics B. "Star Wars" C. glasnost D. perestroika

B. "Star Wars"

The Feminine Mystique was written by A. Susan B. Anthony. B. Betty Friedan. C. Phyllis Schlafly. D. Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

B. Betty Friedan.

Which best describes the state of the US economy of the 1970s? A. Slightly increasing economic growth made prices go down. B. Steadily decreasing economic growth made prices go down. C. Fewer jobs and lower wages gave Americans fewer resources. D. Fewer but better paying jobs gave Americans more resources.

C. Fewer jobs and lower wages gave Americans fewer resources.

What was Ronald Reagan's basic belief about economic growth? A. He thought greater government involvement in business would fix the nation's economic problems. B. He felt that more regulations would help to create more jobs. C. He believed that decreasing government spending would eventually lead to economic growth. D. He thought that higher taxes would provide incentives for growth.

C. He believed that decreasing government spending would eventually lead to economic growth.

How did the Twenty-sixth Amendment affect the concerns of young people during the Vietnam War? A. It ended the draft, which was one of young people's major demands. B. It gave the president unlimited power to increase the draft. C. It lowered the voting age, which helped make young people less skeptical. D. It limited the president's powers to increase the draft.

C. It lowered the voting age, which helped make young people less skeptical.

What was the link between the political situations in Iran and Nicaragua during the mid-1980s? A. US hostages taken by Nicaragua were set free after Iran funded their release. B. The US government sent money to both countries to support radical regimes. C. Profits from the arms sold to Iran were used to fund the Contras in Nicaragua. D. Both countries fought the USSR with weapons supplied by the United States.

C. Profits from the arms sold to Iran were used to fund the Contras in Nicaragua.

Before the National Organization for Women was founded, efforts to gain equal rights for women resulted in A. the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment. B. fairer educational funding for men and women. C. few changes by either the government or employers. D. a surprising reduction of women in the workforce.

C. few changes by either the government or employers.

President Carter focused on creating peace between Israel and Egypt because he hoped it would A. bring home the hostages from Iran. B. end the war in Afghanistan. C. maintain oil supplies from the Middle East. D. defeat the regime in Iran.

C. maintain oil supplies from the Middle East.

A major event that took place in the United States in 1979 was A. an energy crisis. B. the creation of a US national bank. C. a second oil embargo. D. the creation of an oil cartel.

A. an energy crisis.

Which of the following factors affected the US economy during the 1970s? A. stagflation B. low inflation C. low unemployment D. high GDP

A. stagflation

Afghan soldiers who fought against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 were called A. the Mujahideen. B. the Ayatollah. C. the Shah. D. the Taliban.

A. the Mujahideen.

The first peace talks between the United States and North Vietnam during the Vietnam War began in A. the late 1970s. B. the early 1970s. C. the late 1960s. D. the early 1960s.

C. the late 1960s.

Which of the following events was considered the end of the Cold War? A. the election of George H. W. Bush B. the speech by President Reagan at the Berlin Wall C. the signing of a mutual nonaggression pact in 1990 D. the coup against Gorbachev in 1991

C. the signing of a mutual nonaggression pact in 1990

After Richard Nixon was elected president in 1968, he attributed his victory to A. the withdrawal of troops from South Vietnam. B. the support of antiwar activists. C. the support of the "silent majority." D. the success of his policies in Vietnam.

C. the support of the "silent majority."

Which of the following most accurately describes China today? A. China remains Communist but is also a major economic power. B. China is no longer Communist but is a major economic power. C. China remains Communist but is not a major economic power. D. China is no longer Communist and is not a major economic power.

A. China remains Communist but is also a major economic power.

The collapse of the USSR had a strong negative effect on which of the following nations? A. Cuba B. the United States C. Germany D. Montenegro

A. Cuba

What was President Nixon's first reaction to the special prosecutor's request for the Watergate tapes? A. He fired the attorney general for refusing to fire the special prosecutor. B. He fired both the special prosecutor and his own attorney general. C. He turned over the tapes immediately without taking any other action. D. He ordered his attorney general to destroy the Watergate tapes.

A. He fired the attorney general for refusing to fire the special prosecutor.

Which is a true statement about President Carter's attempts to free the hostages in Iran? A. He sought help from the United Nations. B. He aided the Mujahideen in fighting the Soviets. C. He led a boycott of the Olympics. D. He halted grain shipments to Iran.

A. He sought help from the United Nations.

How did the shortage of oil from OPEC nations affect the United States? A. It created more unemployment. B. It lowered unemployment. C. It helped businesses to diversify. D. It caused oil production to rise.

A. It created more unemployment.

Which best describes President Nixon's policy of Vietnamization? A. It was a strategy that would shift responsibility for fighting the Vietnam War to South Vietnamese troops. B. It was a plan to withdraw US troops from Vietnam gradually according to a predetermined timeline. C. It was a strategy of bombing North Vietnam and mining its harbors to prevent supplies from reaching North Vietnam by sea. D. It was an agreement that both North Vietnam and the United States would respect South Vietnam's right to self-determination.

A. It was a strategy that would shift responsibility for fighting the Vietnam War to South Vietnamese troops.

How did confidence impact the presidential election of 1980? A. Many Americans felt that while Reagan was confident, Carter was not. B. Many Americans felt that while Carter was confident, Reagan was not. C. Many Americans were confident that President Carter would turn the economy around. D. Many Americans were confident that Reagan would establish more government programs.

A. Many Americans felt that while Reagan was confident, Carter was not.

Which statement best describes the long-term impact of Roe v. Wade on US society? A. The decision gave women a limited right to choice and remains very controversial. B. The decision was controversial at first but has since gained acceptance. C. The decision gained popular at first but has grown more controversial. D. The decision was welcomed by most people as a good compromise.

A. The decision gave women a limited right to choice and remains very controversial.

What economic lesson did the United States learn from the Vietnam War during the 1970s? A. The economy cannot fund both a large war and major social programs. B. Unemployment and rising prices will always lead to a recession. C. A massive war effort is too expensive for the country to undertake. D. It is necessary to raise taxes to support a major war.

A. The economy cannot fund both a large war and major social programs.

Which statement best explains why the National Organization for Women included child care and maternity leave in their Bill of Rights for Women? A. The organization recognized that working mothers faced special problems. B. The organization wanted women to receive special treatment. C. The organization sought to end the practice of mothers not working outside the home. D. The organization was trying to free women from the institution of marriage.

A. The organization recognized that working mothers faced special problems.

The US recession in the 1970s was caused by A. an oil embargo. B. energy interdependence. C. low unemployment. D. President Nixon's resignation.

A. an oil embargo.

The policy President Carter continued to ease Cold War tensions was A. detente. B. containment. C. recession. d. interest rates.

A. detente.

President Carter's Community Reinvestment Act A. encouraged banks to lend in low- and moderate-income areas. B. encouraged the wealthy to take out more loans. C. encouraged banks to charge more interest on loans. D. encouraged the wealthy to invest in suburban areas.

A. encouraged banks to lend in low- and moderate-income areas.

President Carter worked to ease tensions with China by A. establishing full diplomatic relations. B. limiting international trade. C. agreeing to help stop Communism. D. limiting US production of nuclear weapons.

A. establishing full diplomatic relations.

Both the oil embargo of 1973 and the oil shock of 1979 showed the United States that A. it was easier to get oil from OPEC than to produce oil at home. B. the government needed to be less dependent on foreign oil production. C. the government could not get enough oil from OPEC or oil-producing countries. D. the government needed to start exploring alternate sources of energy.

B. the government needed to be less dependent on foreign oil production.

When President Nixon agreed to turn over only some of the Watergate tapes or edited transcripts to the special prosecutor, A. the prosecutor stated that he would not accept any of the tapes. B. the prosecutor filed a Supreme Court case against Nixon. C. the Supreme Court put an end to the Watergate Senate hearings. D. the Supreme Court took charge of conducting the Watergate hearings.

B. the prosecutor filed a Supreme Court case against Nixon.

Critics called President Reagan's economic plan "trickle-down economics." The term described his plan to cut taxes, allowing money to trickle down from A. consumers to investors. B. the wealthy to the poor. C. businesses to consumers. D. the wealthy to the government.

B. the wealthy to the poor.

One way many women's lives changed in the 1950s was that they A. were granted the right to vote. B. were helped by new household technology. C. were able to legally obtain an abortion. D. were granted equal funding for school athletics.

B. were helped by new household technology.

At the time of his election, Ronald Reagan felt that the problems the United States was experiencing A. could be virtually eliminated by raising taxes. B. were the result of excessive government spending. C. had been caused by too little government intervention. D. had developed because there were too few social services.

B. were the result of excessive government spending.

President Carter wanted to establish peace between A. China and Panama. B. the Soviet Union and Iran. C. Israel and Egypt. D. the United States and Vietnam.

C. Israel and Egypt.

During the Vietnam War, why did antiwar protests increase after US forces attacked Viet Cong bases and supply lines along the Ho Chi Minh trail? A. Protestors did not want Viet Cong bases and supply lines destroyed. B. Protestors worried the attacks would stall Vietnamization. C. Protestors saw the attacks as an escalation of the war. D. Protestors were concerned that Cambodia would attack on US soil.

C. Protestors saw the attacks as an escalation of the war.

Which statement best describes the focus of abortion opponents today? A. They focus on restricting when abortions can occur. B. They focus on outlawing all abortions. C. They work both to restrict and to outlaw abortions. D. They use persuasion instead of legal battles.

C. They work both to restrict and to outlaw abortions.

The cease-fire that ended the Vietnam War stated that A. Americans had to return Communist prisoners of war. B. Communists had to withdraw their forces from South Vietnam. C. both parties had to respect South Vietnam's right to self-determination. D. the United States could not add troops to its existing forces in South Vietnam.

C. both parties had to respect South Vietnam's right to self-determination.

The Federal Reserve's attempts to reduce inflation in 1979 A. caused the economy to improve slowly. B. had no real impact on the economy. C. caused the economy to slow further. D. caused the economy to improve greatly.

C. caused the economy to slow further.

In the 1970s, the National Organization for Women expanded its goals by A. backing a female candidate for the US presidency. B. hiring Phyllis Schlafly to promote cultural equality. C. supporting the Equal Rights Amendment. D. calling for required government childcare centers.

C. supporting the Equal Rights Amendment.

A problem that arose as a result of glasnost was that A. the Soviet people were still not willing to criticize the government. B. the Soviet government refused to allow people to protest. C. the Soviet people became more aware of corruption in government. D. the Soviet government's totalitarian rule became even stronger.

C. the Soviet people became more aware of corruption in government.

The constitutional question at the heart of United States v. Nixon is best described as A. whether the Supreme Court was part of the executive branch. B. the right of a president to resist impeachment. C. the extent to which "separation of powers" was constitutional. D. whether laws had been broken during the Watergate incident.

C. the extent to which "separation of powers" was constitutional.

In June of 1971, which event increased the credibility gap and antiwar protests? A. the massacre of civilians at My Lai B. the killing of four students at Kent State University C. the leaking of the Pentagon Papers to the press D. the bombing of Viet Cong bases in Cambodia

C. the leaking of the Pentagon Papers to the press

Which of the following was made possible by the end of the Cold War? A. the formation of NATO B. the breakup of Hungary C. the reunification of Germany D. the election of George H. W. Bush

C. the reunification of Germany

A woman who entered the workforce in the 1960s could expect to A. gain regular promotions for hard work. B. be protected from sexual harassment. C. work for male supervisors and managers. D. receive paid maternity leave without losing her job.

C. work for male supervisors and managers.

President Carter tried to ease Cold War tensions when he took office in 1977 by A. proposing to build more nuclear weapons. B. vowing to destroy all US nuclear weapons. C. negotiating the SALT I Treaty. D. working with the leader of the Soviet Union.

D. working with the leader of the Soviet Union.

Some women opposed the Equal Rights Amendment because A. they said it did not go far enough. B. they believed it was an unfair law. C. they feared it would force them to find jobs. D. they thought it undermined traditional values.

D. they thought it undermined traditional values.

President Carter's foreign policy failures included A. not being able to bring Egypt and Israel together. B. not being able to bring home the Iranian hostages. C. not being able to promote détente with China. D. not bringing the Shah of Iran to the United States.

B. not being able to bring home the Iranian hostages.

After taking office, President Ford resolved the lingering issue of Watergate by A. ordering Nixon's prosecution. B. pardoning Nixon. C. releasing the Watergate tapes. D. imprisoning Nixon.

B. pardoning Nixon.

The Supreme Court's decision in United States v. Nixon resulted in Nixon's A. impeachment. B. resignation. C. appeal of the decision. D. full second term as president.

B. resignation.

A result of President Carter's meeting at Camp David with the leaders of Israel and Egypt in 1978 was that Egypt and Israel A. went to war with each other. B. signed a historic peace treaty. C. signed a historic trade agreement. D. fell into civil wars.

B. signed a historic peace treaty.

Which was a cause of the Iran hostage crisis in 1979? A. the Camp David Accords B. the Shah's entry into the United States C. the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan D. Ayatollah Khomeini's entry into the United States

B. the Shah's entry into the United States

How did the fall of the Soviet Union affect Cuba's economy? A. Cuba's economy became stronger B. Cuba's economy weakened. C. Cuba became the world's strongest economy. D. Cuba became dependent on the United States.

B. Cuba's economy weakened.

Who became president of the United States after Nixon's resignation? A. Archibald Cox B. Gerald Ford C. John Dean D. Alexander Butterfield

B. Gerald Ford

What foreign-policy approach did Ronald Reagan promise to take if he was elected in 1980? A. He promised to sign the INF Treaty. B. He promised to build a strong military. C. He promised to work with Gorbachev. D. He promised to cut defense spending.

B. He promised to build a strong military.

What was the outcome of the US attempt to rescue the Iranian hostages? A. The hostages were rescued. B. The rescue attempt failed. C. Eight hostages were killed D. Some hostages were rescued.

B. The rescue attempt failed.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between President George H. W. Bush and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev? A. They met very infrequently. B. They negotiated arms-reduction agreements. C. They worked together to oppose reform. D. They developed a hostile working relationship.

B. They negotiated arms-reduction agreements.

One of Gorbachev's reforms, perestroika, had the goal of A. ending government corruption. B. creating a free market. C. creating more political freedom. D. ending food shortages.

B. creating a free market.

What do womens' rights groups today focus on in regard to abortion? A. expanding existing abortion laws B. fighting to keep abortions legal C. getting Roe v. Wade overturned D. eliminating the need for abortions

B. fighting to keep abortions legal

Which best describes the main goal of those who opposed the Vietnam War in 1969? A. the end of antiwar demonstrations in the United States B. immediate withdrawal of US troops from South Vietnam C. a thorough investigation of the 1968 My Lai Massacre D. an honorable peace that would keep South Vietnam strong

B. immediate withdrawal of US troops from South Vietnam

When President Carter took office in 1977, the US economy was A. improving rapidly. B. improving slightly. C. getting slightly worse. D. getting rapidly worse.

B. improving slightly.

An effect of frequent fighting in the Middle East was A. many kidnappings. B. many deaths. C. many countries becoming Communist. D. many stoppages in oil production.

B. many deaths.

How did news of the Watergate break-in first reach the public? A. through a confession by Nixon B. through a Supreme Court case C. through a televised address by Nixon D. through a series of newspaper articles

D. through a series of newspaper articles

Citizens in Berlin began to tear down the Berlin Wall soon after A. Boris Yeltsin became the leader of Russia. B. Romania rejected Communism. C. the Soviet Union officially dissolved. D. East Germany opened its borders.

D. East Germany opened its borders.

How did the War Powers Act of 1973 affect the power of the president? A. It gave the president the unlimited right to commit US forces to action as necessary. B. It required the president's approval for US forces to remain in a foreign war longer than sixty days. C. It limited the president's ability to raise taxes to fund a war and social programs simultaneously. D. It required the president to inform Congress within forty-eight hours of any new troop commitment.

D. It required the president to inform Congress within forty-eight hours of any new troop commitment.

Which best describes the situation Vietnam veterans faced after returning to the United States? A. Some had physical injuries that needed to heal, but most readjusted smoothly to civilian life. B. Most quickly found work and put behind them the events they had witnessed during the war. C. Many found themselves welcomed back by a nation that was proud of the job they had done in Vietnam. D. Many suffered from physical and mental injuries, while others felt hostility from civilians around them.

D. Many suffered from physical and mental injuries, while others felt hostility from civilians around them.

What was one unintended result of glasnost? A. Communism became more, rather than less, popular. B. The Soviet government became more corrupt. C. People discovered they had more political freedom. D. More citizens protested against the Soviet government.

D. More citizens protested against the Soviet government.

Of the following groups, the one that contributed most to the conservative victory in the 1980 election was A. Carter Republicans. B. supporters of Carter's US economic policies. C. people opposed to increased military spending. D. Reagan Democrats.

D. Reagan Democrats.

How did news of the Watergate break-in affect Nixon's 1972 re-election bid? A. The news cost Nixon the election. B. The news caused him to abandon re-election plans. C. The news led to a close election, which Nixon won. D. The news did not harm his re-election bid.

D. The news did not harm his re-election bid.

Which statement best summarizes how Reagan's economic policies affected the US economy? A. There was a decline in unemployment, but people made less money and paid higher taxes. B. There was a significant rise in prosperity triggered by a reduction in federal spending and the national debt. C. There was an increase in defense spending because of tax increases and the elimination of the national debt. D. There was overall prosperity, but federal spending and the national debt also increased.

D. There was overall prosperity, but federal spending and the national debt also increased.

After the fall of the Berlin Wall, which nation broke up into many independent states? A. Hungary B. Romania C. Poland D. Yugoslavia

D. Yugoslavia

President Ford's attempt to move beyond the Watergate scandal A. created massive support for the new president. B. proved to be a benefit for Republicans. C. prompted Congress to move for Ford's impeachment. D. angered many American voters.

D. angered many American voters.

President Nixon sent US forces to Cambodia in 1970 to A. form a secret alliance with Cambodian troops. B. attack villages suspected of hiding Viet Cong fighters. C. set up supply lines outside of Vietnam. D. bomb Viet Cong supply lines along the Ho Chi Minh Trail.

D. bomb Viet Cong supply lines along the Ho Chi Minh Trail.

The Supreme Court decisions in Griswold v. Connecticut and Roe v. Wade were based on the principle of the right to A. free speech. B. health care. C. religious freedom. D. privacy.

D. privacy.

What was the result of the Ford Administration's vetoing more than 50 spending bills? A. reduced unemployment B. higher food prices C. higher government-spending D. reduced inflation

D. reduced inflation

Cuban leader Fidel Castro responded to the fall of the Soviet Union by A. seeking support from former Soviet republics. B. seeking support from the United States. C. allowing anti-Communist reforms in Cuba. D. renewing his commitment to Communism.

D. renewing his commitment to Communism.

The economic situation at the beginning of Ronald Reagan's first term in which unemployment and inflation were both high was referred to as A. Reaganomics. B. trickle-down economics. C. the Strategic Initiative. D. stagflation.

D. stagflation.

Which of the following helped make the reunification of Germany possible? A. the influence of pro-Western military alliances B. ethnic tensions in former Soviet states C. celebrations in many other countries D. the end of the Cold War

D. the end of the Cold War

In 1973, the year following Nixon's re-election, the Watergate burglars testified that A. they had decided on their own to commit the break-in. B. the president had ordered the break-in. C. the president had been unaware of their actions. D. they had been employed by Nixon's re-election campaign.

D. they had been employed by Nixon's re-election campaign.