US History Chapter 19

Economic recovery from the Great Depression would not be complete and unemployment would remain high until

World War II

Formed after passage of the Wagner Act, the Committee for Industrial Organizations set out to organize

all skilled and unskilled workers in the automobile industry.

President Roosevelt and his advisers saw the Social Security Act primarily as

an insurance measure.

During the 1932 presidential campaign, Franklin D. Roosevelt's confidence that he could make things better contrasted sharply with President Herbert Hoover's

apparent failure to do anything effective about the Depression.

If it passed, the "court-packing" bill would have allowed President Roosevelt to

appoint up to six new justices

To pay for New Deal programs, President Roosevelt abandoned a balanced budget and began using

deficit spending

When President Roosevelt proposed the court-packing plan, Southern Democrats feared new justices would overturn segregation, while African American leaders worried that

future justices might oppose civil rights

In addition to feeding recruits and instilling them with greater self-respect, Civilian Conservation Corps programs also

taught more than 40,000 recruits to read and write.

Which of the following New Deal laws abolished child labor?

Fair Labor Standards Act

T/F Critics of the New Deal on the left felt that President Roosevelt had imposed too many regulations on business.

False

T/F Following passage of the Wagner Act, workers at General Motors stopped work but refused to leave the factory in what came to be known as a general strike.

False

T/F President Franklin D. Roosevelt came into office with a clear agenda for how he was going to deal with the Great Depression.

False

T/F The Home Owners' Loan Corporation required banks to lengthen the terms of loans to homeowners who could no longer pay their mortgages, rather than foreclose on their properties.

False

T/F The New Deal coalition was made up of President Roosevelt's supporters in Congress, as well as the Supreme Court justices who upheld New Deal programs and agencies.

False

T/F The Supreme Court ruled that the Wagner Act, which guaranteed certain workers' rights, was unconstitutional.

False

T/F The Supreme Court's decision in Schechter Poultry Company v. United States reassured President Roosevelt because it suggested that the Court strongly supported the New Deal.

False

T/F When Franklin D. Roosevelt won the Democratic nomination for president in 1932, he followed a well-established tradition by flying to Chicago to accept it in person.

False

The National Union for Social Justice was formed in 1935 by

Father Charles Coughlin.

The period between March 9 and June 16, 1933, when Congress passed 15 major acts to meet the economic crisis of the Depression, was called the

Hundred Days

Which of the following New Deal agencies insisted that contractors could not discriminate against African Americans?

Public Works Administration

Less than two years after the Wagner Act became law, U.S. Steel, the nation's largest steel producer and a long-standing opponent of unionizing, decided to

Recognize the steel CIO's steelworkers union

T/F African American voters turned away from the Republican party in 1936 to support Roosevelt's reelection.

True

T/F Franklin D. Roosevelt won the 1932 presidential election in a landslide, winning the electoral vote in all but six states.

True

T/F In 1939, Republicans and conservative Southern Democrats in Congress began blocking further New Deal legislation, bringing the New Deal era to an end.

True

T/F Mary McLeod Bethune became the first African American woman to head a federal agency.

True

One goal of California physician Francis Townsend's plan to pay pensions to citizens over age 60 was to

free up jobs for the unemployed

One legacy of the New Deal is a continuing debate over how much the government should

intervene in the economy or support the disadvantaged.

The Emergency Banking Relief Act helped solve the banking crisis by

issuing licenses to banks that were examined by federal officials

The Home Owners' Loan Corporation

lengthened the mortgage repayment term and lowered rates for the employed

New Deal relief programs were based on the idea that the Great Depression's fundamental cause was

low consumption

Father Coughlin, a former New Deal supporter with a popular radio show, called for the government to

nationalize the banking system

President Roosevelt won a landslide reelection victory in 1936, in part because millions of Americans

owed their jobs and the safety of their bank accounts to the New Deal.

The Agricultural Adjustment Administration tried to help farmers by

paying them not to grow crops

One program of the Works Progress Administration, called Federal Number One, employed

people in the arts

Before Franklin D. Roosevelt became president, many state governors declared "bank holidays" in order to

prevent bank runs

While a state senator in New York, Franklin D. Roosevelt earned a reputation as a

progressive reformer

The Farm Security Administration gave loans to tenant farmers so that they could

purchase their own farms

Congress authorized the Farm Credit Administration to help farmers

refinance their mortgages

Two years into President Roosevelt's first term, New Deal programs had created more than two million jobs, but more than 10 million American workers

remained unemployed

The Glass-Steagall Act separated commercial banking from investment banking and barred commercial banks from

risking depositors' money through stock speculation.

By establishing safeguards and relief programs that protected them against economic disaster, the New Deal created

safety net for Americans

After the New Deal had been in effect for two years, the U.S. economy

showed only slight improvement

Which of the following created the impression that President Roosevelt was trying to interfere with the separation of powers between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government, established in the U.S. Constitution?

the court-packing plan

Bank runs increased before Franklin D. Roosevelt's inauguration in part because some people feared that he would abandon the gold standard and reduce the value of

the dollar

The Civilian Conservation Corps offered unemployed young men between 18 and 25 years of age the opportunity to work outdoors under the direction of

the forestry service

Perhaps the most important result of President Franklin Roosevelt's First New Deal was a noticeable change in

the spirit of the American people

As governor of New York, Franklin D. Roosevelt oversaw the creation of the first state relief agency to aid

the unemployed

President Roosevelt's advisers supported the "New Nationalism" of Theodore Roosevelt and wanted government agencies to

work with businesses

Although Social Security helped many people, at first it left out many of the neediest Americans, including about 65 percent of all

African American Workers

Which program paid farmers not to grow certain crops, such as cotton, corn, wheat, and tobacco?

Agricultural Adjustment Administration

Which of the following reforms brought Native Americans into the New Deal coalition by restoring reservation lands, giving Native Americans control over those lands, and permitting them to elect their own governments?

Indian Reorganization Act of 1934

To regulate the stock market, Congress created the

Securities and Exchange Commission

What did the bold series of programs and reforms that President Franklin Roosevelt launched in 1935 come to be called?

The Second New Deal

T/F President Roosevelt's programs succeeded in creating a safety net for average Americans, in the form of safeguards and relief programs that protected them against economic disaster.

True

T/F The Agricultural Adjustment Administration paid cotton farmers to take fields out of production.

True

T/F The Farm Credit Administration helped many poor farmers keep their land, but it may have slowed the overall economic recovery.

True

T/F The Public Works Administration required that its contractors not discriminate against African Americans.

True

T/F The Supreme Court declared the National Recovery Administration unconstitutional.

True

T/F The Works Progress Administration included a program that offered work to artists, musicians, theater people, and writers.

True

T/F Women and African Americans made modest gains because of the support of Eleanor Roosevelt.

True

For President Roosevelt, the payroll taxes imposed on workers and employers to pay for Social Security benefits, were

a crucial element of the program

By 1934 Senator Huey Long of Louisiana began criticizing the New Deal from the left and calling for

a massive redistribution of wealth

The Wagner Act set up a process whereby union members could take complaints about an employer to a neutral party who would listen to both sides and decide on the issue, called

binding arbitration

The Social Security Act established the principle that the federal government should be responsible for

citizens who, through no fault of their own, were unable to work.

Under the National Industrial Recovery Act, business, labor, and the government were allowed to cooperate in setting up

codes of fair competition