US History Chapter 24.1 & 24.2

Nazi Party

Hitler's political party; National Socialist German Workers' Party; nationalistic and anticommunist

Union of Soviet Socialist Republic

In 1922, the Bolshevik Party renamed these territories the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

Gerald P. Nye/Nye Committee

Nye Committee, senator from Nebraska / condemned the "Merchants of Death"

Danzig/Polish Corridor

October 1938: he demanded the return of Danzig, a Baltic Sea port with strong German roots, to German control. Although Danzig was more than 90 percent German, it had been separated from Germany at the end of World War I to give Poland access to the sea. Hitler also requested a highway and railroad across the Polish Corridor, which separated western Germany from the German state of East Prussia.

Luftwaffe

June 1940, the German air force, called the Luftwaffe, began to attack British shipping in the English Channel

Maginot Line

Line of trenches dug by the French to prepare for defensive warfare

How and why did Japanese militarists gain control of Japan in the 1930s?

Military arranged the assassination of the prime minister & to expand to get natural resources

What were the three reasons European leaders agreed to a policy of appeasement?

1. Prevent another war 2. Hitler had few demands and he just wanted a German-speaking country so they tried to give it to him since it made sense. 3. No one was ready to fight in the war

Battle of Britain 1940

Air battle between German and British air forces. Luftwaffe (german air force) launched out an all-out air battle to destroy the British Royal Air Force. The British won

Appeasement

Appeasement is the policy of giving concessions in exchange for peace

Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact 1939

Aug 23, 1939, Hitler & Stalin signed the pact that said that the Germans and Soviets would not fight each other/invade each other for 10 years, allowed the Germans to invade Poland soon after pact was signed

Why did many Americans support isolationism?

Because involvement seemed useless/worthless

Neville Chamberlain

Britain's prime minister who participated in Hitler's appeasement

radar

British won the Battle of Britain of 1940 through the use of radar. The British were able to detect incoming German aircraft and direct British fighters to intercept them

What countries did Hitler militarily conquer by 1940?

Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, France, Luxembourg, and Poland

Why was Britain able to resist Germany?

English Channel

Black Shirts/March on Rome

Fascist militia / Mussolini threatened to march on Rome in 1922, claiming he was coming to defend Italy against a Communist revolution

Vichy/Marshal Philippe Pétain

French Puppet state controlled by Germany during World War II / the new government's figurehead leader

What was the Phony War?

French/British vs. Germany waited on their lines for an attack, but none came, called sitzkieg (sitting war) or phony war

lebensraum/Aryans

German term = "Living Space" / blond hair, blue eyed, German

Explain the Miracle at Dunkirk.

Germans invaded through Belgium instead of the Maginot Line and French completely unprepared, trapped at beaches of Dunkirk and civilian boats of the English Channel. The only hope for Britain and France was to evacuate their troops at sea, but German had captured one port called Dunkirk.

sitzkrieg/Bore War/Phony War

Germans referred to the situation of western Europe remained eerily quiet the sitting war/The British called it the "Bore War,"/ while American newspapers nicknamed it the "Phony War."

What was Hitler's political philosophy and what were his goals for Germany?

Germans=master race, Jews were responsible for Germany's defeat, & Germany needed ro expand East

Blitzkrieg

Germany term for "lightning war"; military tactic that used large numbers of massed tanks to break through and rapidly encircle enemy positions

Axis Powers

Germany, Italy, and Japan became known as that

Why did Stalin sign a nonaggression pact with Hitler? What was the secret deal between the two dictators?

He believed the best way to protect the USSR was to turn the capitalist nations against each other. The secret deal was to divide Poland between Germany and the Soviet Union.

Fuhrer

Hitler gave himself the new title of fuhrer, or "leader"

Francisco Franco

Spanish general who rebelled against Morocco; leader of the Nationalists; supported Hitler and Mussolini

Explain the significance of the Battle of Britain.

The Battle of Britain was the first major campaign to be fought entirely by air forces, and was also the largest and most sustained aerial bombing campaign to that date. The Battle of Britain marked the first defeat of Hitler's military forces.

What was the significance of the Nye Committee?

The Nye Committee, which had a congressional investigation, documented the huge profits that arms factories had made during the war.

isolationism/isolationists

US tried not to become involved in the war

Vladimir Lenin/Bolshevik Party

Vladimir Lenin led the Bolshevik Party, established Communist governments throughout the Russian empire

Dunkirk

a small town in northern France near the Belgian border

Neutrality Act 1937

act continued the ban on selling arms to nations at war, but it also required warring countries to buy nonmilitary supplies from the United States on a "cash-and-carry" basis

Fascist Party/Fascism

aggressive nationalism; believed that the nation was more important than the individual; argued that individualism made countries weak and that a strong government led by a dictator was needed to impose order on society; believed a nation became great by expanding its territory and building up its military; strongly anticommunist

Sudetenland

an area of Czechoslovakia with a large German-speaking population

Rome-Berlin Axis

axis powers between Hitler and Mussolini.

Spanish Civil War 1936-38

civil war between the Republicans, who were loyal to the democratic Spanish Republic, and the Nationalists, a rebel group led by General Francisco Franco. The Nationalists won.

Adolf Hitler

dictator of Germany; leader of German party, the Nazi Party

What was Fascism and what was its appeal to Italians and Germans?

extreme nationalism

Benito Mussolini

former schoolmaster and journalist returned from WWI who founded Italy's Fascist Party, Fascism in 1919. Was fascist, was for military expansion. Believed in private property with strong government controls, he was also anticommunist

Manchuria

invaded by Japan in 1931; resource-rich province of Manchuria in northern China

II Duce

means "The Leader" in Italian, name Mussolini gave himself during WWII

Mein Kampf

means "my struggle" in German; Hitler's autobiography

Munich Conference 1938

meeting between Germany, Italy, Great Britain, & France that gave Hitler part of Czechoslovakia (the Sudetenland)

Anti-Comintern Pact

pact that required the two countries, Germany and Japan, to exchange information about Communist groups

Winston Churchill

replaced Britain's Neville Chamberlain as prime minister; peace was not an option for him; he would not surrender

Russian Revolution

revolution against the Czar government in Russia

Joseph Stalin

ruler of the Soviet Union by 1926

Neutrality Act 1935

the act made it illegal for Americans to sell arms to any country at war.

Hermann Goering

the head of the German air force

Reichstag

the lower house of the German parliament

How did postwar conditions contribute to the rise of dictatorships in Europe?

the treaty of versatile & economic depression

internationalism

trade between nations creates prosperity amd helps prevents war

Why did FDR support internationalism?

trade=prosperity=peaceful & that the US should perserve peace in the world

What was Hitler's strategy for defeating France?

tried to go around the Maginot Line and take over the Netherlands, etc

Anschluss

unification of Austria and Germany.