U.S. History-Chapter 5: Reconstruction
What was the main success of reconstruction
*tax supported school systems federal funds given for building of railroads and ports single crop economy becomes a multi crop economy barter/credit economy evolves into a wage economy
proclamation of amnesty and reconstruction required 10% of a states citizenship to take oath of loyalty to the union in order to set up a new government
10% plan (southern states)
Why was reconstruction necessary?
Following the end of the Civil War the south was in ruins.
elected 18th president of u.s in 1868 celebrated hero but lousy president. presidency was played by scandal he gave high level positions to friends/family; VP Schulyer Cofax investigated for embezzling from union pacific railroad. reruns in 1872 and wins political corruption continues with administration and confidence in public officials begin to go down ex; william boss tweed
Ulysses S Grant presidency
assumes presidency after assassination of lincoln supportive of states rights not really concerned with granting a.a full citizenship;vetos civil rights act;house of representatives impeach him
andrew johnson
success
barter to wage economy, single to multi crop economy, federal and rr/ port, tax supported schools
laws that sought to limit rights of a.a
black codes
northern white and black men who relocated to south looking for new economic/political opportunities.(participate in southern politics)
carpetbaggers
how did congress help african americans
congress fights back against southerners unwilling to accept reconstruction through the use of federal intervention : refused to allow southern representatives to take their seats in congress, civil rights acts (1866) johnson uses veto power but 1st time ever congress uses the 2/3 majority rule to pass it
protects voting rights by making intimidation of voters a federal crime
enforcement act
how to rebuild southern economy
federal money to radical republicans wage economy single goes to multi crop
what organizations started to pop up in black communities
freedmen's bureau schools, churches, community centers, religious centers
What was the compromise of 1877
hayes is elected president, federal troops are withdrawn from the south and southern states given federal subsides to build railroad and improve ports
impeachment of johnson
he attempts to rid cabinet of all radical republicans
describe the souths economy after the war
in south land=money , very uneven distribution of the land 90% of southern land owned by 50% of the population after civil war millions of white and black citizens fight for farm work/land
Radical reconstruction begins with passage of the 14th amendment(guaranteed equality under the law for all citizens) if a state refused to recognize this amendment risk loosing seat in congress tensions reach high btwn congress and president in 1867 johnson attempts to rid cabinet of all radical republicans congress passes tenure of office act
johnson impeached with wrongdoing in office
thaddeus stevens and charles summer
leaders of radical republicans
a.a rights
north=good, south=bad; suffrage;black codes limit rights; 15th amendment
divided former confederate states into military zones
reconstruction act (1867)
lincoln's goals for reconstruction were...
reunify the country
former union general member of HOR honest/reform minded; verses tilden in election for president in 1876
rutherford b hayes
fought corruption in NY versed hayes in election for presidency in 1876
samuel tilden
white men who had previously been excluded from politics by wealthy neighbors. (participate in southern politics)
scalawags
farmer chooses what crop to plant and buys own supplies (gives farmers more freedom)
share tenancy
system where farmers tend to portion of planters land in return for a place to live and a share of crops (constant cycle of debt)
sharecropping
tenant pays rent to landowner and is free to choose/manage the crops (most independent arrangment)
tenant farming
failures of civil war
tension btwn north and south still exist, womens suffrage
required the president to get senate approval before removing someone from office
tenure of office act
Johnsons plan for reconstruction required...
the ratification of the 13th amendment and a draft of a state constitution abolishing slavery
1873- restricted the scope of the 14th amendment stating it was not the business of the federal government to determine how individual states upheld amendments
the slaughterhouse cases
land having to due with a.a
they get land as reparations (4o acres and a mule)
why did radical republicans reject 10% plan
they insisted the confederacy had committed crimes by enslaving african americans and starting civil war
describe the impact of reconstruction on women
they take a backseat and women's suffrage failed
how did southern states rejoin?
wade-davis bill
requires the majority of voters to swear loyalty to the union before restoration of the south begins; guranteed a.a equality; lincoln kills bill with pocket veto by waiting to make a desciosn then lincoln creates freedmens bureau
wade-davis bill
stole millions of dollars from city treasury convicted and imprisoned (1873)
william boss tweed
