U.S. History Chapter 9
Woodrow Wilson
28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize
Which strategy was not employed by woman suffragists to obtain their goal
A. They called for female workers to strike
The open door policy was designed as a way for the United States to further
A. its trade interests
Which of the following did not stimulate U.S. imperialism
A. need for a source of cheap labor
Jose Marti, a Cuban poet and journalist in exile in New York, organized a guerrilla campaign to destory American-owned property in Cuda in order to
A. provoke U.S. intervention in Cuba
In the mid-1800s, the majority of women who held jobs worked as
A. servants
Theodore Roosevelt
26th President of the United States, 26th president, known for: Progressive Politics, conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War
William Howard Taft
27th president of the U.S.; he angered progressives by moving cautiously toward reforms and by supporting the Payne-Aldrich Tariff; he lost Roosevelt's support and was defeated for a second term.
19th Amendment
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections.
16th Amendment
Amendment to the United States Constitution (1913) gave Congress the power to tax income.
National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
An organization founded in 1890 to demand the vote for women
Which statement best characterizes Roosevelt's position on trusts? a. Some trusts were harmful to the public interest. b. All trusts should be busted. c. Trusts were of benefit to the public interest. d. Trusts were legal and could not be abolished.
a. Some trusts were harmful to the public interest.
Which strategy was NOT employed by woman suffragists to obtain their goal? a. They called for female workers to strike. b. They advocated a constitutional amendment. c. They tested the Fourteenth amendment in court. d. They convinced state legislatures to grant women the right to vote.
a. They called for female workers to strike
The ______________ , which became known as the Bull Moose Party, advocated a number of reforms including women's suffrage, an eight-hour workday, and a federal law against child labor
Progressive Party
The ___________________, which became known as the Bull Moose Party, advocated a number of reforms including women's suffrage, an eight-hour workday, and a federal law against child labor.
Progressive Party
reform movement that sought to return control of the government to the people
Progressivism
18th Amendment
Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages
Booker T. Washington
Prominent black American, born into slavery, who believed that racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society, was head of the Tuskegee Institute in 1881.
The republican party nominated __________ in the 1912 presidential election
Theodore Roosevelt
the first person to use the presidency as a "bully pulpit" was ______
Theodore Roosevelt
this muckraking journalist shocked readers with his nauseating account of the meatpacking industry's conditions
Upton Sinclair
prohibition
a law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages
a bill that originates from the people rather than legislators is known as ______
an initative
Which statement best characterizes the position of Gifford Pinchot toward land conservation? a. Unrestricted development was unacceptable b. A multi-use land program was possible c. Further privatization should be prohibited d. Conservation should not interfere with industrial expansion
b. A multi-use land program was possible
A bill that originates from the people rather than legislators is known as a. a recall b. an initiative c. a referendum d. an amendment
b. an initiative
the law that required truthful labels was the ______
Pure Food and Drug Act
this legislation halted the sale of contaminated foods or drugs and called for truth in labeling
Pure Food and Drug Act
Alice Paul
Radical suffragist supporting protests against President Wilson and formed the National Woman's Party (1885-1977)
scientific management
hiring experts to study how goods could be produced more quickly
Progressive Movement
reform effort, generally centered in urban areas and begun in the early 1900s, whose aims included returning control of the government to the people, restoring economic opportunities, and correcting injustices in American life.
Which statement best characterizes Roosevelt's position on trusts
A. Some trusts were harmful to the public interest
Susan B. Anthony
(1820-1906) An early leader of the women's suffrage (right to vote) movement, co-founded the National Women's Suffrage Association with Elizabeth Cady Stanton in 1869.
This was settled when Roosevelt got involved in the negotiations
1902 coal miners' strike
Which statement best characterizes the position of Gifford Pinchot toward land conservation
B. A multi-use land program was possible
NACW
B. National Assoction of Colored Women
All of the following were imperialist in the late 1800s except
C. China
Which country's residents became citizens of the United States in 1917
C. Puerto Rico
The Progressive Party nominated ________________ in the 1912 presidential election.
Theodore Roosevelt
the movement to rotect America's natural resources
Conservation
this was the principle that guided Roosevelt's efforts to organize water projects to transform dry wilderness areas into agricultural areas
Conservation
Clayton Antitrust Act
Corrected the problems of the Sherman Antitrust Act; outlawed certain practices that restricted competition; unions on strike could no longer be considered violating the antitrust acts
What effect did World War I have on the suffragist movement
D. It hastened passage and ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment
Muckrakers were
D. Journalists
Why were early progressive attemps to enact federal bans on child lador unsuccessful
D. The Supreme Court ruled such bans unconstitutional
The primary goal of the NAACP was
D. equality among the races
Which of the following actions led to the defeat of Taft in 1912
D. his failure to unify the Republican Party
For which action did Theodore Roosevelt win the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize
D. negotiating an end to war between Russia and Japan
Calling for an end to capitalism, Socialist presidential candidate ____________ failed to capture any electoral votes in the 1912 presidential election
Eugene V. Debs
a plan that reformed how American banks were organized
Federal Reserve System
W.E.B. Du Bois
Harvard professor; believed that African Americans should strive for full rights immediately; founded the NAACP
unsanitary conditions in the meat-packing industry
In the Jungle, Upton Sinclair exposed
Domestic Servants
In the mid-1800s, the majority of women who held jobs worked as
This is a bill initiated, or launched, by citizens
Initiative
_________________, head of the U.S. Forest Service under President Roosevelt, favored a balanced approach concerning the private development and conservation of wilderness lands
Joseph Cannon
this was started by prominent African Americans and white reformers
NAACP
National Association for colored women
NACW
National American Women Suffrage Association
NAWSA
Square Deal
President Theodore Roosevelt's plan for reform; all Americans are entitled to an equal opportinity to succeed
Election of 1912
Presidential campaign involving Taft, T. Roosevelt, and Woodrow Wilson. Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote, enabling Wilson to win
recall
Procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office
Under President Taft, the progessive and conservation wings of the ____________ began to fragment
Republican Party
Under President Taft, the progressive and conservative wings of the ____________ began to fragment.
Republican Party
this reform governor and U.S. senator from Wisconsin made the railroad industry a major target
Robert M. La Follette
Democratic presidential nominee ______________ supported antitrust legislation, banking reform, and reduced tariffs, under a progressive platform known as the New Deal
Roosevelt
this allowed for the popular, or direct, election of U.S. senators
Seventeenth Amendment
this enabled voters to remove public officals from elected positions by forcing them to face an election before the end of their term if enough voters requested it
Seventeenth Amendment
this legislation was used by Roosevelt to file 44 antitrust suits
Sherman Antitrust Act
the term used to describe the progessive reforms of President Theodore Roosevelt
Square Deal
the right to vote
Suffrage
a leader of the woman suffrage movement
Susan B. Anthony
leader in the womens suffragists movement
Susan B. Anthony
Roosevelt responded to this book by appointing a commission to investigate the meatpacking industry
The Jungle
Pure Food and Drug Act
The law that required truthful labels was the
Equality among the races
The primary goal of the NAACP was
Federal Reserve System
The system created by Congress in 1913 to establish banking practices and regulate currency in circulation and the amount of credit available. It consists of 12 regional banks supervised by the Board of Governors. Often called simply the Fed.
The Jungle
This 1906 work by Upton Sinclair pointed out the abuses of the meat packing industry. The book led to the passage of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act.
How did the political reforms of the Progressive Era affect the way government functions today? Explain your answer. Think about the following a. responsibility of government b. Initiative, referendum and recall c. the 17th Amendment (direct election of U.S. Senators)
Today, the government is responsible for what happens after a natural disaster, like setting relief efforts and aiding the victims. This was started in the Progressive Era after a hurricane hit and the government set up relief aid. The government today was also changed by the government regulation in the Progressive Era. During Roosevelt's presidency, many Acts passed that made the U.S. a healthy and better place. The Meat Inspection Act provided cleaner production so food would not become contaminated. The Pure Food and Drug Act halted shipping of contaminated food. Both the Elkins and the Hepburn Act were also passed during Roosevelt's presidency. The Elkins Act made it illegal for railroad officials to give rebates for railroad companies. The Hepburn Act gave the Interstate Commerce Commission the power to set maximum railroad rates. It also gave the government regulation of business.
his failure to unify the Republican Party
Which of the following actions led to the defeat of Taft in 1912
decreased productivity
Which of the following was not a result of the introduction of the assembly line
to eliminate the use of alcohol in society
Which of the follwing best states the primary goal of the prohibitionists?
Some trusts were harmful to the public interests
Which statement best characterizes Roosevelt's position on trusts
a multi-use land program was possible
Which statement best characterizes the position of Gifford Pinchot torward land conservation
Which of the following best states the primary goal of prohibitionists? a. to eliminate the sale of alcohol to minors b. to eliminate the use of alcohol in society c. to reduce accidents in the workplace d. to reduce the availability of alcohol to minors
b. eliminate the use of alcohol in society
the movement to protect America's natural resources
conservation
which of the following actions led to the defeat of Taft in 1912? (a) his overuse of the bully pulpit (b) his failure to continue the trustbusting of Roosevelt (c) his refusal to sign the Payne-Aldrich Tariff (d) his failure to unify the Republican Party
his failure to unify the Republican Party
Meat Inspection Act
1906 - Laid down binding rules for sanitary meat packing and government inspection of meat products crossing state lines.
Pure Food and Drug Act
1906 - the act that prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure of falsely labeled food and drugs
Federal Trade Commission
A government agency established in 1914 to prevent unfair business practices and help maintain a competitive economy.
National Woman's Party
A group of militant suffragists who took to the streets with mass pickets, parades, and hunger strikes to convince the govt to give them the right to vote. Led by Alice Paul.
Carrie Chapman Catt
A women's suffrage leader, she was twice the president of the NAWSA She was one of the main people attributed to woman's suffrage.
Of the Following statements, the one that best reflects an anit-imperialist attitude is
A. "It is not necessary to own people to trade with them."
On what did the Roosevelt Corollary build
A. Monroe Doctrine
After campaigning on a platform of lowering tariffs, President Taft angered progressive supporters by signing the __________________.
Aldrich-Payne Bill
All of the following countreis came under some form of U.S. control as a result of the Spanish-American War except
B. Hawaii
NAWSA
B. National American Woman Suffrage Association
General John J. Pershing led a force of fifteen thousand soldiers in an attempt to capture
B. Pancho Villa
The first person to use the presidency as a "bully pulpit" was
B. Theodorer Roosevelt
A bill that originates from the people rather than legislators is known as
B. an initiative
The United States gained control of the land it needed to build the Panama Canal by
B. invading and attacking Colombia
Who gained most from the ratificaationof the Seventeenth Amendment
B. orbinary citizens
The progressive movement regarded all of the following as worthly goals except
B. promoting business monopolies
The Boxer Rebellion was an attemt by Chinese revolutionaries to
B. remove foreign influence from China
which of the following did the United States insist that Cuba include in its constitution
B. the Platt Amendment
In which of the following conflicts were U.S. military troops not invited
B. the Russo-Japanese war
Which of the following best states the primary goal of prohibitionsts
B. to eliminate the use of alcohol in society
What was the primary motivation for passage of the Sixteenth Amendment
B. to replace revenue lost by enacting lower tariffs
All of the following were actively involved in securing the right to vote for women except
C. Florence Kelley
The rapid growth of industry in the United States help fuel imperialism because
C. The United States was producing too many goods for its own people to buy
Which of the following was not a result of the introduction of the assembly line
C. decreased productivity
Suffrage
C. the right to vote
In The Jungle, Upton Sinclair exposed
C. unsanitary conditions in the meat-packing industry
Who told the artist Frederic Remingtion, "You furnish the pictues and I'll furnish the war"
D. William Randolph Hearst
Calling for an end to capitalism, Socialist presidential candidate _____________ failed to capture any electoral votes in the 1912 presidential election.
Eugene V. Debs
in the election of 1912, the candidate considered LEAST pleasing to reformers was _______
Eugene V. Debs
watchdog agency given the power to stop unfair business practices
Federal Trade Commission
this progessive championed the rights of women and children by moving into a settlement house, working as the Chief Inspector of Factories for Illinois, and helping to win passage of the Illinois Factory Act
Florence Kelley
this progressive championed the rights of women and children by moving into a settlement house, working as the Chief Inspector of Factories of Illinois, and helping to win passage of the Illinois Factory Act
Florence Kelley
this legislation put forth strict cleanliness requirements for meatpackers and created the program of federal meat inspection still used today
Meat Inspection Act
Essay: Which president-Roosevelt, Taft, or Wilson- had the most lasting impact on the major progressive issues at the turn of the 20th century? Explain your choice. Think About: use of the bully pulpit trustbusting legislation health and safety issues conservation of natural resources progress toward civil rights for all citizens.
Roosevelt was the most effective in using the bully pulpit to bring about needed reforms. He aggressively used the Sherman Antitrust Act to protect the public from the power of monopolies. He regulated the coal mining industry and the railroads. He also brought about many improvements in public health through the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act. He aggressively sought to conserve the nation's natural resources through legislation such as the National Reclamation Act. Roosevelt even represented the new Progressive Party in the election of 1912. Many of the items on the platform of the Progressive Party that year eventually became the law of the land. Taft was not as effective in championing progressive causes. He signed the Payne-Aldrich Tariff, which progressives considered a weak compromise. He fired the conservationist Gifford Pinchot, head of the U.S Forest Service. Taft failed to win the support of Progressives and lost the election of 1912 decisively. Wilson pleased progressives with the Clayton Antitrust Act and the establishment of the Federal Trade Commission. The FTC continues to have a prominent role in government supervision of business. Wilson also established the Federal Reserve System, which is vital to the success and safety of our current banking system. None of the three presidents did much to further the cause of civil rights for African Americans
the term used to describe the progressive reforms of President Theodore Roosevelt
Square Deal
this is what Roosevelt promised that the common people would receive
Square Deal
At 42 years old, he was the youngest man to ever become president
Theodore Roosevelt
muckraking journalist who exposed the terrible conditions of the meatpacking industry
Upton Sinclair
they called for female workers to strike
Which strategy was not employed vby women suffragists to obtain their goal
ordinary citizens
Who gained most from the of the Seventeenth Amendment
the supreme court ruled such bans unconstitutional
Why were early progressive attempts to enact federal bans on child labor unsuccessful
president whose actions split the Republican party after he angered both progressives and conservationalists
William H. Taft
president whose actions split the Republican party after he angered both progressives and conservationists
William H. Taft
Incumbent ______________ sought reelection in the 1912 presidential race.
William Howard Taft
The Republican Party nominated _____________________ in the 1912 presidential election.
William Howard Taft
The Progessive Party nominated ___________ in the 1912 presidental election
William Jennings Bryan
Incumbent _________ sought reelection in the 1912 presidential race
William Taft
Democratic presidential nominee ______________ supported antitrust legislation, banking reform, and reduced tariffs, under a progressive platform known as the New Freedom.
Woodrow Wilson
president of the U.S. who was a former president of Princeton University and governor of New Jersey
Woodrow Wilson
which statement best characterizes the postion of Gifford Pinchot toward land conservation?
a multi-use land program was possible
Bull Moose Party
a name given to the progressive party, formed to support Theodore Roosevelt's candidacy for the presidency in 1912
In the election of 1912, the candidate considered least pleasing to reformers was a. Eugene V. Debs b. Theodore Roosevelt c. William H. Taft d. Woodrow Wilson
a. Eugene V. Debs
The law that required truthful labels was the a. Pure Food and Drug Act b. Meat Inspection Act c. Sherman Antitrust Act d. Interstate Commerce Act
a. Pure Food and Drug Act
NAWSA a. National American Woman Service Association b. National American Woman Suffrage Association c. National American Woman Scientists Association d. National American Workers and Servants Association
b. National American Woman Suffrage Association
NACW a. National Alliance of College Women b. National Association of Colored Women c. National Association of Clubs for Women d. National Association of Childcare Workers
b. National Association of Colored Women
The first person to use the presidency as a "bully pulpit" was a. William H. Taft b. Theodore Roosevelt c. Woodrow Wilson d. William McKinley
b. Theodore Roosevelt
Susan B. Anthony a. discovered a new comet b. leader in the women's suffrage movement c. first American woman to earn a professional degree d. first American woman elected to a national political office
b. leader in the women's suffrage movement
Who gained most from the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment? a. party bosses b. ordinary citizens c. state legislators d. industrial leaders
b. ordinary citizens
The progressive movement regarded all of the following as worthy goals EXCEPT a. protecting social welfare b. promoting business monopolies c. creating economic reform d. fostering efficiency in the workplace
b. promoting business monopolies
What was the primary motivation for passage of the Sixteenth Amendment? a. to curb the power of corporations b. to replace revenue lost by enacting lower tariffs c. to reduce the gap between rich and poor d. to create a war chest to pay for future wars
b. to replace revenue lost by enacting lower tariffs
Which of the following was NOT a result of the introduction of the assembly line? a. higher worker turnover b. reduced hours of the workday c. decreased productivity d. higher wages
c. decreased productivity
Suffrage a. discrimination b. women's rights c. the right to vote d. the denial of the right to vote
c. the right to vote
In (i)The Jungle(i), Upton Sinclair exposed a. dangers faced by coal miners b. corrupt business practices of the Standard Oil Company c. unsanitary conditions in the meat-packing industry d. illegal deals between special interests and the government
c. unsanitary conditions in the meat-packing industry
The primary goal of the NAACP was a. voting rights for women b. better working conditions c. regulation of the banking industry d. equality among the races
d. equality among the races
Which of the following actions led to the defeat of Taft in 1912? a. his overuse of the bully pulpit b. his failure to continue the trustbusting of Roosevelt c. his refusal to sign the Payne-Aldrich Tariff d. his failure to unify the Republican Party
d. his failure to unify the Republican Party
Muckrakers were a. politicians b. conservationists c. suffragists d. journalists
d. journalists
which of the following was NOT a result of the introduction of the assembly line? (a) higher worker turnover (b) reduced hours of the workday (c) decreased productivity (d) higher wages
decreased productivity
the primary goal of the NAACP was _______
equality among the races
this bill initiated, or launched, by citizens
initiative
this is a term used to describe a journalist who exposed government abuses and big business corruption to the readers of mass circulation magazines and newspapers
muckrakers
this term used to describe a journalist who exposed government abuses and big business corruption to the readers of mass circulation magazines and newspapers
muckrakers
who gained most from the ratification of the Seventeeth Amendment?
ordinary citizens
this included a series of reform efforts that aimed to correct injustices in American life
progressive movement
members of the Woman's Chirstian Temperance Union fought for this cause by entering saloons, singing, praying, and asking saloonkeepers to stop selling alcohol
prohibition
members of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union fought for this cause by entering saloons, singing, praying, and asking saloonkeepers to stop selling alcohol
prohibition
the progressive movement regarded all of the following EXCEPT: (a) protecting social welfare (b) promoting business monopolies (c) creating economic reform (d) fostering efficiency in the workplace
promoting business monopolies
this enabled voters to remove public officials from elected positions by forcing them to face an election before the end of their term if enough voters requested it
recall
this is a vote on an initiative
referendum
this was one of the inspirations for the creation of assembly lines at the Ford Motor Company
scientific management
which statement best characterizes Roosevelt's position on trusts?
some trusts were harmful to the public interest
Civil Rights Movement (early 20th century)
the efforts to end racial segregation
conservation
the preservation and careful management of the environment and of natural resources
promoting business monopolies
the progressive movement regarded all of the following as worthy goals except
it hastened passage and rattification of the Nineteenth Amendment
what effect did World War 1 have on the suffragist movement
to replace revenue lost by enacting lower tarrifs
what was the primary motivation for passage of the seventeenth amendment