US History Exam Three

By the 1830s, most western products reached New Orleans by: a. steamboat b. flatboat c. mule train d. wagon e. railroad

B

By the 1850s, a communications revolution had been triggered by the development of the: a. telephone b. telegraph c. Pony Express d. railroad e. post office

B

By the early 1800s, the largest American cities were all major: a. military centers d. cotton exporters b. seaports e. state capitals c. iron-producing centers

B

Commonwealth v. Hunt: a. ruled that it was legal to force members of labor unions to work unpaid overtime b. declared that forming a trade union was not illegal c. failed to win Supreme Court approval for mandatory union membership d. applied to labor organizing on the factory floor e. made the sabotage of equipment by striking workers a federal offense

B

Following the expiration of the first Bank of the United States in 1811, state banks: a. guaranteed a stable economy b. issued an excess of paper money c. minted their own gold and silver coins d. were closely regulated by the federal government e. cut way back on credit

B

In terms of political behavior, the Irish: a. seldom voted b. generally supported Democrats c. idolized John Quincy Adams d. started a new party for immigrants e. were easily manipulated into voting against their interests

B

In the first half of the nineteenth century, internal improvements: a. finally became the responsibility of the national government b. were supported mainly by people in the West c. were supported mainly by people in New England and the South d. were supported mainly by people who held to a strict interpretation of the Constitution e. caused the national debt to skyrocket

B

One striking aspect of the Lowell factories was: a. the happiness of their workers b. their employment of young single women c. the superior quality of their products d. their minimal impact on natural surroundings e. that they paid workers in stocks

B

The "penny press": a. was a tool of labor unions to highlight the low pay and mistreatment of workers b. was named for the low cost of newspapers c. had significant influence in eastern cities d. enabled the Treasury Department to inexpensively coin more money e. was a derisive name for the lower-class newspapers sold on the streets

B

The American System included support for all of the following policies EXCEPT: a. high tariffs d. internal improvements b. free public schools e. high prices for western lands c. a national bank

B

The Supreme Court ruled that congressional power to regulate commerce "is complete in itself" and "may be exercised to its utmost extent" in: a. Fletcher v. Peck d. Cohens v. Virginia b. Gibbons v. Ogden e. McCulloch v. Maryland c. Dartmouth College v. Woodward

B

The advantage clipper ships had over traditional merchant vessels was their: a. greater cargo space b. speed c. ability to sail up rivers d. comfort for passengers e. durability

B

The cotton gin's invention: a. meant that fewer slaves were needed b. made cotton a major export item c. spurred immigration to the South d. caused slavery to spread to Ohio and Illinois e. increased imports from Britain

B

Which of the following opposed a national bank in 1816? a. John C. Calhoun d. James Madison b. Daniel Webster e. John Quincy Adams c. Henry Clay

B

German immigrants in the 1850s: a. were mostly poor and nonreligious b. almost never returned to their native country c. tended to come as groups and families d. usually spoke English already e. were not a target of the nativists

C

In the antebellum era, prizefights lasted: a. a set number of rounds b. as long as the crowd demanded c. until one fighter could not continue d. a set number of minutes e. until one fighter drew blood on the other

C

In the early 1800s, the Supreme Court decisions associated with John Marshall consistently championed: a. states' rights d. Jeffersonian Republicanism b. a literal reading of the Constitution e. judicial supremacy c. national authority

C

Jefferson's embargo in 1807 and the War of 1812: a. almost destroyed American manufacturing b. had little effect on the growth of textile manufacturing in America c. encouraged rapid growth in American manufacturing d. restricted exports and thereby hurt the growth of American manufacturing e. encouraged Americans to live more simply because consumer goods were scarce

C

John C. Calhoun accepted the Tariff of 1816 because he: a. saw it as a way to lessen the importance of slavery to southern planters b. saw it as a means to protect slavery in the South c. expected the South would become a manufacturing center d. sympathized with New England shippers and southern farmers e. argued that the Constitution required it

C

Of all the immigrant groups that came to the United States in the first half of the nineteenth century, which was least tolerant of enslaved African Americans? a. Chinese d. Mexicans b. Free blacks e. Germans c. Irish

C

Physicians in the early 1800s: a. were required to go to medical school b. were closely regulated by the government c. were mostly self-taught or apprenticed with an experienced doctor d. were experts in modern medical science e. provided roughly the same services as nurses

C

Samuel Slater's contribution to the economy was that he: a. invented the steam engine b. was the first to employ child labor c. opened a successful textile mill in Rhode Island d. started the Industrial Revolution in England before he moved to the United States e. convinced President Jefferson of the benefits of manufacturing

C

Senator Thomas Hart Benton, in opposing the new Bank of the United States, spoke for the interests of: a. New England merchants d. Old Republicans b. Southern planters e. economic nationalists c. the West

C

Steamboats: a. were commercially profitable by the 1790s b. generally had at least twelve-foot drafts c. brought cheaper and faster two-way traffic to the Mississippi Valley d. were usually built of steel e. soon made railroads obsolete

C

The Germans who came to the United States: a. were overwhelmingly Catholic b. were poor and uneducated c. settled mainly in rural areas d. were highly individualistic e. for religious reasons, did not drink beer

C

The Know-Nothings proposed to: a. send immigrants back to Europe b. ban the use of all languages except English c. lengthen the time required to become a citizen d. stop all immigration e. build a fence along U.S. borders

C

The idea of federal support for internal improvements: a. was explicitly authorized by the Constitution b. lost popularity due to the War of 1812 c. was represented by the construction of the National Road d. was equally popular in all sections of the country e. was one of Madison's key proposals in his reelection campaign

C

The largest group of immigrants living in America in 1860 was: a. British d. Scandinavian b. Chinese e. German c. Irish

C

The settlement of the West was accelerated by Cyrus McCormick's invention of the: a. steel plow d. chainsaw b. grain elevator e. tractor c. mechanical reaper

C

As a territory, Missouri had not allowed slavery

False

Because they, too, had suffered discrimination, Irish immigrants tended to be sympathetic to blacks

False

Before 1845, steamboats were used more for transportation on the ocean than on internal waterways

False

By the 1850s, trains traveled an average of forty miles and hour

False

During the 1820s, the tariff level generally declined

False

Irish immigrants to the United states tended to join the Republican party

False

James Monroe was the first president from New York

False

John Quincy Adams displayed superb political skills during his term as president

False

Support for the Tariff of 1816 came primarily from the South

False

The Bank of the United states quickly ended the Panic of 1819 by making credit more easily available

False

The Second Bank of the United states was chartered in 1826

False

The United states had caught up with Britain's textile production by 1815

False

The greatest proportional influx of immigrants in the history of the United states came in the 1820s

False

By 1860, one would most likely encounter Norwegian and Swedish immigrants in: a. New York and New Jersey d. Wisconsin and Minnesota b. Ohio and Pennsylvania e. Texas and Louisiana c. California and Oregon

D

Cyrus McCormick's grain reapers: a. transformed the economy of the South b. guaranteed that farmers would be successful c. were powered by gasoline engines d. were manufactured at his factory in Chicago e. had to be assembled by farmers

D

In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Marshall court struck down that state's ability to tax: a. imports d. the national bank b. income e. private contracts c. farmers

D

In a stable and structured environment like Lowell mills provided, what became a major problem by the middle 1830s? a. criminal behavior of young women d. labor unrest b. retaining good workers e. unwanted pregnancy c. atheism

D

In the case of Commonwealth v. Hunt, the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ruled that: a. immigration quotas established in the late 1830s were constitutional b. immigration quotas established in the late 1830s were unconstitutional c. forming a trade union was illegal d. forming a trade union was not illegal e. employers could not hire strikebreakers

D

In what way did women NOT remain within the home? a. working in professional occupations b. teaching in schools c. organizing community clubs and entertainments d. working in religious and social service realms e. playing leadership roles in municipal organizations

D

James Monroe: a. was the first president born after the Revolution b. enthusiastically supported Madison's policies of economic nationalism c. had limited political experience before becoming president d. like Madison, was a Virginia Republican e. suffered from alcoholism and bouts of depression

D

The German migration to the United States: a. included few educated professionals or skilled workers b. peaked in 1831 c. was in most respects similar to that of the Irish d. was sometimes temporary as nearly 15 percent returned to their native land e. provoked race riots in several cities

D

The major impetus for the huge Irish immigration to the United States after 1845 was: a. religious freedom in the United States b. an abundance of cheap land c. high wages in factories d. a deadly potato famine e. hatred of British rule in Ireland

D

The ruling in Dartmouth College v. Woodward related to: a. monopoly law d. contract rights b. the right to tax federal currency e. interstate commerce c. constitutionality of a federal law

D

The various Workingmen's parties wanted: a. higher taxes for the wealthy b. less government oversight c. a more radical management philosophy d. laws regulating banks e. support from management

D

Which of the following is NOT true of boxing in the antebellum era? a. Fighters used bare knuckles. b. The sport was imported from Britain. c. Some bouts resulted in fatalities. d. It was strictly entertainment for the lower classes. e. Fighters were often from Ireland or England.

D

A market-based economy frequently produces boom-and-bust cycles

True

Chinese immigrants to the United States often did the heavy work of construction

True

Church attendance and temperance were enforced among early workers at Lowell

True

Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin on a plantation in Georgia

True

Four presidential candidates received electoral votes in 1824

True

Langdon Cheves was president of the Second Bank of the United States

True

Most of the growth of the Catholic Church in America in the mid-nineteenth century can be attributed to immigration from Ireland

True

One advantage of New England for manufacturing was a river system that provided power and transportation

True

The "Era of Good Feelings" was marked by peace and prosperity

True

The American party was based on nativism

True

The Missouri Compromise was almost undone when Missouri put into its constitution a provision excluding free blacks and mulattoes

True

The Monroe Doctrine was part of President Monroe's annual message to Congress

True

The National Road was a good example of an internal improvement because it was financed by the federal government

True

The United States experienced a period of economic prosperity in the years after the War of 1812

True

The democratization of politics resulted in half of free black men in northern states being eligible to vote

True

Theatergoers in the antebellum period often hurled insults and objects at performers

True

despite the rapid progress in education and professional activities, women failed to gain significant foothold in the public sphere

True

Anti-Irish prejudice was especially based upon: a. fear of growing Catholic influence b. Irish sympathy for black equality c. Irish support for trade unions d. jealousy over the fact that so many Irish were well educated e. competition for housing in industrial cities

A

By the 1830s, the fastest way to travel from New Orleans to Pittsburgh was by: a. steamboat b. stagecoach c. railroad d. flatboat e. horseback

A

The Know-Nothing party: a. was strongest in the 1850s b. was weakest in New England c. was based on prejudice against blacks d. opposed the spread of public education e. elected two presidents in its brief history

A

By the 1850s, railroads had begun to receive encouragement from the federal government in the form of: a. military protection b. monetary backing c. a ban on further canal construction d. advertising e. land grants

E

The New England textile industry's use of water power: a. dramatically altered the region's ecology b. made its products more expensive c. was never a source of controversy d. largely ended by 1850 as factories switched to steam power e. dried up some rivers completely

A

The chief advocate for the program for economic development called the American System was: a. Henry Clay d. James Monroe b. John Calhoun e. James Madison c. Daniel Webster

A

In antebellum theaters, audiences: a. quietly watched performances b. were an equal mix of men and women c. preferred patriotic dramas to comedies d. were not capable of judging the quality of the acting e. responded vocally to the quality of performances

E

Minstrel shows: a. were usually performed in saloons b. appealed primarily to elite audiences c. featured professional productions of Shakespeare d. helped whites become more racially tolerant e. employed familiar stereotypes of African Americans

E

The Erie Canal did all of the following EXCEPT: a. stretch from Albany to Buffalo b. dramatically reduce freight rates c. inspire more canal construction d. increase shipping through the port of New York e. bankrupt New York State with its huge cost

E

The Know-Nothings campaigned primarily to: a. cut taxes d. prohibit drinking b. establish public schools e. limit immigrant influence c. promote Christianity

E

The Supreme Court in Gibbons v. Ogden settled a controversy over: a. state-chartered colleges d. federal land sales b. voting rights e. steamboat commerce c. canal construction

E

The Tariff of 1816 was intended to do all of the following EXCEPT: a. raise revenue d. promote economic independence b. protect American industry e. lower the price of British goods c. tax imports

E

The cotton gin was invented: a. by John Deere b. by John Oliver c. in England d. in the 1830s e. by Eli Whitney

E

The first judicial ruling that declared a federal law to be unconstitutional came from: a. McCulloch v. Maryland d. Dartmouth College v. Woodward b. Gibbons v. Ogden e. Marbury v. Madison c. Cohens v. Virginia

E

The immediate cause of the Panic of 1819 was: a. the flooding of the American market with cheap British goods b. the collapse of the Bank of the United States c. the Transcontinental Treaty of 1819 d. the difficulty of obtaining credit e. a sudden collapse of cotton prices

E

The largest professional occupation for men in the United States by 1860 was: a. teaching d. nursing b. medicine e. engineering c. the law

E

The cotton gin: a. made possible efficient separation of seeds from fiber b. was an engine that manufactured cloth c. made the South the wealthiest part of the country d. had no significant effect on the North's economy e. resulted from a government bounty paid to its inventor

A

The first American factories produced: a. cotton textiles d. glass products b. leather goods e. muskets c. tobacco products

A

The most popular form of indoor entertainment in the first half of the nineteenth century was: a. theater d. dog fighting b. cockfighting e. ballet c. prizefighting

A

The new Bank of the United States, created in 1816: a. served as a depository for federal funds b. was opposed by President Madison c. was totally owned by the government d. would be located in Washington, D.C. e. would be forbidden to issue paper money

A

The phrase "Era of Good Feelings" resulted from President Monroe's tour of: a. New England d. Pennsylvania b. Canada e. the Deep South c. the West

A

The textile plant established in Waltham, Massachusetts, in 1813: a. manufactured finished cloth b. was owned by the state government c. was destroyed by the British in the War of 1812 d. closed because of the Panic of 1819 e. manufactured thread, which it then sold to weavers

A

Trade associations, or guilds, formed by artisans in the early 1800s attempted to do all the following EXCEPT: a. recruit unskilled workers b. improve working conditions c. influence politicians to support protective tariffs d. uphold standards of quality production e. maintain decent wage levels

A

Which of the following was NOT true of early labor organizations? a. They were not popular among immigrant groups. b. Women organized their own unions. c. They grew out of local trade unions. d. They were primarily for skilled workers. e. They sometimes formed political organizations to carry their concerns forward.

A

Matching: 1. Heinrich Steinweg 2. Horace Mann 3. Charles Goodyear 4. Stephen Foster 5. Robert Fulton 6. Elias Howe 7. Francis Cabot Lowell 8. Samuel F. B. Morse 9. Cyrus McCormick 10. Samuel Slater a. invented the telegraph b. invented the sewing machine c. with Boston Associates, formed the Boston Manufacturing Company d. wrote "Oh! Susanna" e. immigrant piano maker f. invented the primitive grain reaper g. advocate of free public education h. patented a process for vulcanizing rubber i. improved the steamboat j. used his memory to bring industrial technology from Britain to the United States

1. ANS: E 2. ANS: G 3. ANS: H 4. ANS: D 5. ANS: I 6. ANS: B 7. ANS: C 8. ANS: A 9. ANS: F 10. ANS: J

Antebellum minstrel shows: a. featured the songs of Stephen Foster b. featured black performers made up as whites c. were similar to operatic shows d. portrayed black characters positively e. were embraced by elite and educated audiences

A

By 1860, what had become the largest city, as its population surpassed 1 million? a. Boston d. New Orleans b. Philadelphia e. New York c. Baltimore

E

All of the following encouraged migration to the West EXCEPT: a. cheaper prices for federal lands b. fertile soil c. advances in agricultural technology d. easy credit from state banks e. construction of numerous frontier forts

E

All of the following were true of the trains in use by the 1850s EXCEPT: a. they were much faster than stagecoaches and steamboats b. they spurred iron production c. they reduced transportation costs d. they encouraged further expansion of farming e. they could only operate on flat terrain

E