US History Final

Following the launch of the first intercontinental ballistic missile, John F. Kennedy warned that the Soviets had achieved technological and military superiority over the United States, and that Republicans had allowed this to develop.

A missile gap.

A leading voice of the Beats was

Allen Ginsberg.

The founder of Italian fascism who sent troops to invade and conquer Ethiopia was

Benito Mussolini.

What was the landmark United States Supreme Court case decided on May 17, 1954, in which the Warren Court unanimously asserted that segregation in public education violated the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment?

Brown v. Board of Education

June 6, 1944, the day on which nearly 200,000 American, British, and Canadian soldiers landed in northwestern France, in Normandy, is known as

D-Day.

"Dixiecrats" nominated Hubert Humphrey for president in 1948.

False.

Alger Hiss, an editor at Time magazine, accused Whittaker Chambers, a high-ranking State Department official, of giving him secret government documents to pass along to the Soviet Union.

False.

As president, Eisenhower sought to roll back the New Deal, abolish social security and unemployment insurance, and eliminate labor laws and farm programs.

False.

Germany suffered far higher casualties among its soldiers on the western front than it did on the Russian front.

False.

In the weeks following passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act, a joyful calm, mixed with a great celebratory jubilee that included parades, barbecues, and church prayer meetings, characterized the principal response of inner-city African-Americans to the new law.

False.

It is a myth that children in the 1950s and 1960s were trained to hide under their desks in the event of an atomic attack. Group of answer choices

False.

New York became the most prominent symbol of the postwar suburban boom; one-fifth of the population growth of the 1950s occurred ther

False.

Orval Faubus was among the attorneys on the team hired by the NAACP to pursue the watershed case Brown v. Board of Education.

False.

President Roosevelt's Executive Order 9066 ordered the internment of all Japanese-Americans who refused to sign an oath of loyalty to the United States.

False.

Prior to her arrest that led to the Montgomery bus boycott, Rosa Parks had never been involved in National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) activism.

False.

Richard Nixon won the 1968 presidential election by the largest landslide in American history.

False.

The 1946 congressional elections marked a resounding triumph for Truman's Fair Deal program.

False.

The American Indians who were famously called "code talkers" during World War II were from the Cherokee tribe.

False.

The Roosevelt administration paid little attention to foreign affairs before the attack on Pearl Harbor.

False.

The Twenty-fourth Amendment to the Constitution is the 1965 law that allowed federal officials to register voters.

False.

The formal peace treaty ending the Korean War was the Peace of Paris of 1953.

False.

The suburban explosion of the 1950s did much to diminish racial divisions in America.

False.

The successor to the United Nations was the League of Nations.

False.

The term "iron curtain" was coined by President Harry Truman.

False.

Under the Truman Doctrine, only those governments that respected the democratic rights of citizens and the sovereignty of other peoples could expect friendship and support from the United States.

False.

War mobilization lifted the industrial Northeast out of the Depression, but left the economies of the South and the West virtually untouched.

False.

Who of the following were known as the "Big Three"?

Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin.

Which was not one of the Four Freedoms, President Roosevelt's shorthand for American purposes in World War II?

Freedom of liberty.

Who was the person who sent the Long Telegram from Moscow in 1946 that lay the foundation for what became known as the policy of "containment"?

George F. Kennan

During World War II, the Axis powers were

Germany, Italy, and Japan.

On December 7, 1941, Japanese planes attacked the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor. Where is Pearl Harbor?

Hawaii.

What happened at the nationally televised Army-McCarthy hearings in 1954?

It became clear that McCarthy was a bully who browbeat witnesses and made sweeping accusations with no basis in fact.

Which was not an event in the civil rights movement of 1963?

James Meredith, a black student, entered the University of Mississippi.

Who was the United States senator from Wisconsin who announced in February 1950 that he had a list of Communists working for the State Department, and whose name later entered the political vocabulary as shorthand for character assassination, guilt by association, and abuse of power in the name of anticommunism?

Joseph R. McCarthy.

In 1951, a jury convicted this couple of conspiracy to pass secrets concerning the atomic bomb to Soviet agents during World War II.

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg.

What province of northern China did Japan invade in 1931?

Manchuria.

In the aftermath of Rosa Parks's arrest for refusing to give her bus seat to a white rider, a yearlong bus boycott took place in what city?

Montgomery, Alabama.

The so called "kitchen debate" between Nixon and Khrushchev occurred in

Moscow, Russia.

The Cold War suddenly turned hot in June 1950 in these regions

North Korea and South Korea.

What was the name of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) campaign to bring unionization to the South, by which more than 200 labor organizations entered the region in an effort to organize workers?

Operation Dixie.

Which is not true of the Korean War (1950-1953)?

President Truman acknowledged and accepted General MacArthur's push toward the Chinese border and his threat to use nuclear weapons against the Chinese.

As families escaped their everyday lives for the "open road," this businessman franchised his business into approximately 700 McDonald's fast food stands built by 1964.

Ray Kroc.

Which of the following was not a feature of American involvement in World War II?

Stalin promised to rid his country of communism after the war.

Which was not a development of 1949?

The Soviets formalized their own eastern European alliance, the Warsaw Pact.

While there were four main competitors for the office of the presidency in 1948, Truman's main rival was

Thomas A. Dewey.

Although it was a nationwide phenomenon, 1950s suburbanization gathered its greatest momentum in the West.

True.

As part of the Soviet Union's one-party rule, Stalin consolidated a brutal dictatorship that jailed or murdered millions of Soviet citizens after World War II.

True.

As part of the expansive and dynamic growth of the American economy, in the twenty years after 1950, about 7 million white Americans left cities for the suburbs, nearly 3 million blacks moved from South to North, and half a million Puerto Ricans moved to the mainland.

True.

By the early 1950s, state and local laws banning discrimination in employment and housing remained largely unenforced.

True.

By the end of the 1950s, almost 90 percent of American families owned television sets, average daily television viewing time was five hours, and television had proven itself the most effective advertising medium ever invented.

True.

During World War II, membership numbers for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) grew to approximately one-half million.

True.

During World War II, the NAACP and American Jewish Congress cooperated closely in advocating laws to ban discrimination in employment and housing.

True.

During World War II, the Red Cross refused to mix blood from blacks and whites in its blood banks.

True.

During World War II, the federal government spent twice the amount of money it had spent in all of the previous 150 years of American history.

True.

During the 1950s, prominent psychologists insisted that women who were unhappy as housewives suffered from a failure to accept the "maternal instinct."

True.

In 1960, women earned, on average, 60 percent of the income of men.

True.

In July 1948, President Harry S. Truman issued an executive order desegregating the armed forces.

True.

In May 1942, the United States Navy thwarted a Japanese attack against Australia in the Battle of the Coral Sea.

True.

In many ways, the economy and culture of the 1950s was dominated by the automobile.

True.

In the 1950s, the number of houses in the United States doubled; most were built in the suburbs.

True.

In the context of the Cold War, no matter how repressive a nation was, so long as it supported the United States it was counted as a member of the Free World. Group of answer choices

True.

In the post-World War II United States, Americans' daily lives were transformed by the widespread use of televisions, air conditioning, dishwashers, long-distance telephone calls, and jet travel.

True.

One strand of social analysis in the 1950s asserted that Americans were psychologically and culturally discontent, lonely and anxious, and yearning not so much for freedom as for stability and authority.

True.

Prior wars, such as the Mexican War and World War I, had deeply divided American society, yet World War II came to be remembered as the Good War.

True.

Republicans swept the congressional elections of 1946 to control both houses of Congress for the first time since the 1920s.

True.

The Brown decision encouraged an awakening of civil rights protest - and segregationist protest - in the South, ensuring it would have the backing of federal courts.

True.

The U.S. government conducted an anti-gay campaign at the very time that gay men enjoyed a powerful presence in realms of culture and commercial life that were being promoted as expressions of American freedoms, including modern art and ballet, fashion, and advertising.

True.

The term "totalitarianism" originated in Europe between World War I and World War II to describe aggressive, ideologically driven states that sought to subdue all civil society, including churches, unions, and other voluntary associations.

True.

The top-secret program in which American scientists developed an atomic bomb during World War II was called the Manhattan Project.

True.

Unions became firmly established in many sectors of the economy during World War II.

True.

War mobilization greatly strengthened the size and stature of the American labor movement.

True.

While the anticommunist hysteria of the postwar years came to be known as "McCarthyism," it arose well before Senator Joseph McCarthy entered the scene.

True.

Which was not part of the new "social contract" between organized labor and management in leading industries during the 1950s?

Unions sponsored "wildcat" strikes in an effort to discipline management.

Under this kind of program, cities demolished poor neighborhoods in city centers that occupied potentially valuable real estate; in its place were constructed retail centers and all-white middle-income housing complexes.

Urban renewal.

This area of the country emerged as a focus of military-industrial production during WWII.

West Coast.

The limits of wartime tolerance were tested in 1943 Los Angeles with the

Zoot suit riots.

Which of the following was not a significant trend in 1950s America?

a surge of student radicalism on college campuses.

The Truman Doctrine in March 1947

asserted that the United States, as the leader of the "free world," must take up responsibility for supporting "freedom-loving peoples" wherever communism threatened them.

The so called "fifth freedom" was

free enterprise.

In the 1950s, Richard Nixon pioneered efforts to transform the Republican Party's image

from defender of business to champion of the "forgotten man," for whom heavy taxation had become a burden.

The gelatinous form of gasoline that burns the skin of anyone exposed to it that was dropped by American airplanes on enemy positions during the Vietnam War was called

napalm.

Millions of Americans moved out of urban ethnic neighborhoods and isolated rural enclaves into the army and industrial plants where they came into contact with people from various backgrounds, creating a melting pot that historians call

patriotic assimilation.

One of the key advantages the Soviet Union held over the United States on a global scale was America's continuing issue of

segregation.

A major success for Germany and its allies during World War II was

the "blitzkrieg" campaign.

In 1949, the containment policy suffered a major setback in the form of

the "loss" of China to communism.

The organization demanding greater Indian tribal self-government and the restoration of economic resources guaranteed in treaties, founded in 1968, was called

the American Indian Movement.

The largest single battle ever fought by the U.S. Army occurred in 1944, producing 70,000 American casualties, is called

the Battle of the Bulge.

President Harry S. Truman's program that focused on improving the social safety net and raising the standard of living of ordinary Americans - calling on Congress to increase the minimum wage, enact a program of national health insurance, and expand public housing, social security, and aid to education - was

the Fair Deal.

The House Un-American Activities Committee charged these people with contempt of Congress, serving jail terms of six months to a year.

the Hollywood Ten.

The June 1947 United States foreign policy initiative that envisioned a New Deal for Europe, and pledged billions of dollars to finance European economic recovery was

the Marshall Plan.

The congressional legislation that extended an array of benefits, including unemployment pay, educational scholarships, low-cost mortgage loans, pensions, and job training to millions of returning veterans beginning in 1944 was called

the Servicemen's Readjustment Act, or GI Bill of Rights.

What was the coalition of black ministers and civil rights activists that pressed for desegregation and was formed in 1955, and in whose organizing Martin Luther King Jr. took the lead?

the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.

What was the 1947 law that sought to reverse gains made by organized labor in the preceding decade by banning sympathy strikes and secondary boycotts, outlawing the closed shop, authorizing states to pass "right to work" laws and authorizing the president to suspend strikes by ordering an eighty-day cooling-off period?

the Taft-Hartley Act.

The Marshall Plan, proposed by Secretary of State George C. Marshall, suggested that

the U.S. contribute billions of dollars to finance the economic recovery of Europe.

The 1948 United Nations-approved document that called for a range of rights to be enjoyed by people everywhere, including freedom of speech and religion, the right to an adequate standard of living, access to adequate housing, education, and medical care, as well as social and economic entitlements, was called

the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Which of the following was not a step toward racial equality in postwar America?

the defeat of Operation Dixie.

In the 1944 case of Korematsu v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that

the internment of people of Japanese descent was not based on race.

The baby boom lasted until

the mid-1960s.

"Containment" in the context of post-World War II international diplomacy on the part of the United States referred to

the policy by which the United States committed itself to preventing any further expansion of Soviet power.

When World War II ended, most female war workers, especially those in better-paying industrial employment

were laid off.