US History II Chp. 15

President Nixon needed to prove how national security would be jeopardized by release of the tapes

In United States v. Nixon, the Supreme Court determined that

The Mississippi Freedom Summer

Undergraduate Mario Savio had just participated in which civil rights protest campaign just before the birth of the Berkeley Free Speech Movement?

The idea of détente was expanding to China.

"13.Both sides view bilateral trade as another area from which mutual benefit can be derived, and agreed that economic relations based on equality and mutual benefit are in the interest of the peoples of the two countries. They agree to facilitate the progressive development of trade between their two countries. 14.The two sides agreed that they will stay in contact through various channels, including the sending of a senior US representative to Peking from time to time for concrete consultations to further the normalization of relations between the two countries and continue to exchange views on issues of common interest. 15.The two sides expressed the hope that the gains achieved during this visit would open up new prospects for the relations between the two countries. They believe that the normalization of relations between the two countries is not only in the interest of the Chinese and American peoples but also contributes to the relaxation of tension in Asia and the world." Joint Communiqué of the United States of America and the People's Republic of China (Shanghai Communiqué), February 28, 1972 The excerpt of the communiqué provides evidence for which of the following in regard to American foreign policy goals?

the American recognition of the Soviet Union

"13.Both sides view bilateral trade as another area from which mutual benefit can be derived, and agreed that economic relations based on equality and mutual benefit are in the interest of the peoples of the two countries. They agree to facilitate the progressive development of trade between their two countries. 14.The two sides agreed that they will stay in contact through various channels, including the sending of a senior US representative to Peking from time to time for concrete consultations to further the normalization of relations between the two countries and continue to exchange views on issues of common interest. 15.The two sides expressed the hope that the gains achieved during this visit would open up new prospects for the relations between the two countries. They believe that the normalization of relations between the two countries is not only in the interest of the Chinese and American peoples but also contributes to the relaxation of tension in Asia and the world." Joint Communiqué of the United States of America and the People's Republic of China (Shanghai Communiqué), February 28, 1972 Those who criticize the sentiments expressed in the excerpt would most likely also criticize

There was a strained Cold War relationship between the United States and China.

"13.Both sides view bilateral trade as another area from which mutual benefit can be derived, and agreed that economic relations based on equality and mutual benefit are in the interest of the peoples of the two countries. They agree to facilitate the progressive development of trade between their two countries. 14.The two sides agreed that they will stay in contact through various channels, including the sending of a senior US representative to Peking from time to time for concrete consultations to further the normalization of relations between the two countries and continue to exchange views on issues of common interest. 15.The two sides expressed the hope that the gains achieved during this visit would open up new prospects for the relations between the two countries. They believe that the normalization of relations between the two countries is not only in the interest of the Chinese and American peoples but also contributes to the relaxation of tension in Asia and the world." Joint Communiqué of the United States of America and the People's Republic of China (Shanghai Communiqué), February 28, 1972 Which of the following best describes the context relevant to the excerpt?

checks and balances

"I suggest, it is a misreading of the Constitution for any member here to assert that for a member to vote for an article of impeachment means that that member must be convinced that the President should be removed from office. The Constitution doesn't say that. The powers relating to impeachment are an essential check in the hands of the body of the Legislature against and upon the encroachments of the Executive. The division between the two branches of the Legislature, the House and the Senate, assigning to the one the right to accuse and to the other the right to judge, the Framers of this Constitution were very astute. They did not make the accusers and the judgers—and the judges the same person. We know the nature of impeachment. . . . It is chiefly designed for the President and his high ministers to somehow be called into account. It is designed to 'bridle' the Executive if he engages in excesses. . . . The Framers confided in the Congress the power if need be, to remove the President in order to strike a delicate balance between a President swollen with power and grown tyrannical, and preservation of the independence of the Executive." Barbara Jordan, Statement on the Articles of Impeachment, July 25, 1974, House Judiciary Committee The constitutional concept that influenced Representative Jordan's speech is

The resignation of Richard Nixon

"I suggest, it is a misreading of the Constitution for any member here to assert that for a member to vote for an article of impeachment means that that member must be convinced that the President should be removed from office. The Constitution doesn't say that. The powers relating to impeachment are an essential check in the hands of the body of the Legislature against and upon the encroachments of the Executive. The division between the two branches of the Legislature, the House and the Senate, assigning to the one the right to accuse and to the other the right to judge, the Framers of this Constitution were very astute. They did not make the accusers and the judgers—and the judges the same person. We know the nature of impeachment. . . . It is chiefly designed for the President and his high ministers to somehow be called into account. It is designed to 'bridle' the Executive if he engages in excesses. . . . The Framers confided in the Congress the power if need be, to remove the President in order to strike a delicate balance between a President swollen with power and grown tyrannical, and preservation of the independence of the Executive." Barbara Jordan, Statement on the Articles of Impeachment, July 25, 1974, House Judiciary Committee Which of the following most directly resulted from the events surrounding the excerpted speech?

The abuse of presidential power through personal ambition

"I suggest, it is a misreading of the Constitution for any member here to assert that for a member to vote for an article of impeachment means that that member must be convinced that the President should be removed from office. The Constitution doesn't say that. The powers relating to impeachment are an essential check in the hands of the body of the Legislature against and upon the encroachments of the Executive. The division between the two branches of the Legislature, the House and the Senate, assigning to the one the right to accuse and to the other the right to judge, the Framers of this Constitution were very astute. They did not make the accusers and the judgers—and the judges the same person. We know the nature of impeachment. . . . It is chiefly designed for the President and his high ministers to somehow be called into account. It is designed to 'bridle' the Executive if he engages in excesses. . . . The Framers confided in the Congress the power if need be, to remove the President in order to strike a delicate balance between a President swollen with power and grown tyrannical, and preservation of the independence of the Executive." Barbara Jordan, Statement on the Articles of Impeachment, July 25, 1974, House Judiciary Committee With which of the following issues was Representative Jordan most concerned in her address?

Federal deregulation of major industries

"In a nation that was proud of hard work, strong families, close-knit communities, and our faith in God, too many of us now tend to worship self-indulgence and consumption. Human identity is no longer defined by what one does, but by what one owns. But we've discovered that owning things and consuming things does not satisfy our longing for meaning. We've learned that piling up material goods cannot fill the emptiness of lives which have no confidence or purpose. The symptoms of this crisis of the American spirit are all around us. For the first time in the history of our country a majority of our people believe that the next five years will be worse than the past five years. Two-thirds of our people do not even vote. The productivity of American workers is actually dropping, and the willingness of Americans to save for the future has fallen below that of all other people in the Western world." President Jimmy Carter, Energy and the National Goals—A Crisis of Confidence, July 15, 1979 Which of the following economic policies did President Carter support as a solution to the problems described in the excerpt?

Consumerism

"In a nation that was proud of hard work, strong families, close-knit communities, and our faith in God, too many of us now tend to worship self-indulgence and consumption. Human identity is no longer defined by what one does, but by what one owns. But we've discovered that owning things and consuming things does not satisfy our longing for meaning. We've learned that piling up material goods cannot fill the emptiness of lives which have no confidence or purpose. The symptoms of this crisis of the American spirit are all around us. For the first time in the history of our country a majority of our people believe that the next five years will be worse than the past five years. Two-thirds of our people do not even vote. The productivity of American workers is actually dropping, and the willingness of Americans to save for the future has fallen below that of all other people in the Western world." President Jimmy Carter, Energy and the National Goals—A Crisis of Confidence, July 15, 1979 Which of the following post-World War II developments contributed most to the situation described by President Carter in the excerpt?

Ronald Reagan won the next presidential election by a landslide.

"In a nation that was proud of hard work, strong families, close-knit communities, and our faith in God, too many of us now tend to worship self-indulgence and consumption. Human identity is no longer defined by what one does, but by what one owns. But we've discovered that owning things and consuming things does not satisfy our longing for meaning. We've learned that piling up material goods cannot fill the emptiness of lives which have no confidence or purpose. The symptoms of this crisis of the American spirit are all around us. For the first time in the history of our country a majority of our people believe that the next five years will be worse than the past five years. Two-thirds of our people do not even vote. The productivity of American workers is actually dropping, and the willingness of Americans to save for the future has fallen below that of all other people in the Western world." President Jimmy Carter, Energy and the National Goals—A Crisis of Confidence, July 15, 1979 Which of the following was a significant impact of the speech excerpted here?

Roe v. Wade

"The Fourth and Fifth Amendments were described in Boyd v. United States . . . as protection against all governmental invasions 'of the sanctity of a man's home and the privacies of life.' We recently referred in Mapp v. Ohio . . . to the Fourth Amendment as creating a 'right to privacy, no less important than any other right carefully an particularly reserved to the people.' . . . The present case, then, concerns a relationship lying within the zone of privacy created by several fundamental constitutional guarantees. And it concerns a law which, in forbidding the use of contraceptives, rather than regulating their manufacture or sale, seeks to achieve its goals by means having a maximum destructive impact upon that relationship. Such a law cannot stand in light of the familiar principle, so often applied by this Court, that a 'governmental purpose to control or prevent activities constitutionally subject to state regulation may not be achieved by means which sweep unnecessarily broadly and thereby invade the area of protected freedoms.'" 381 U.S. 479 Estelle T. Griswold v. State of Connecticut (No. 496) Argued: March 29, 1965 Decided: June 7, 1965 William O. Douglas, Majority Decision The issue described in the excerpt later led to the ruling in which of the following Supreme Court cases?

More individual rights were protected.

"The Fourth and Fifth Amendments were described in Boyd v. United States . . . as protection against all governmental invasions 'of the sanctity of a man's home and the privacies of life.' We recently referred in Mapp v. Ohio . . . to the Fourth Amendment as creating a 'right to privacy, no less important than any other right carefully an particularly reserved to the people.' . . . The present case, then, concerns a relationship lying within the zone of privacy created by several fundamental constitutional guarantees. And it concerns a law which, in forbidding the use of contraceptives, rather than regulating their manufacture or sale, seeks to achieve its goals by means having a maximum destructive impact upon that relationship. Such a law cannot stand in light of the familiar principle, so often applied by this Court, that a 'governmental purpose to control or prevent activities constitutionally subject to state regulation may not be achieved by means which sweep unnecessarily broadly and thereby invade the area of protected freedoms.'" 381 U.S. 479 Estelle T. Griswold v. State of Connecticut (No. 496) Argued: March 29, 1965 Decided: June 7, 1965 William O. Douglas, Majority Decision The issue described in the excerpt led to which effect on the American people?

The Bill of Rights

"The Fourth and Fifth Amendments were described in Boyd v. United States . . . as protection against all governmental invasions 'of the sanctity of a man's home and the privacies of life.' We recently referred in Mapp v. Ohio . . . to the Fourth Amendment as creating a 'right to privacy, no less important than any other right carefully an particularly reserved to the people.' . . . The present case, then, concerns a relationship lying within the zone of privacy created by several fundamental constitutional guarantees. And it concerns a law which, in forbidding the use of contraceptives, rather than regulating their manufacture or sale, seeks to achieve its goals by means having a maximum destructive impact upon that relationship. Such a law cannot stand in light of the familiar principle, so often applied by this Court, that a 'governmental purpose to control or prevent activities constitutionally subject to state regulation may not be achieved by means which sweep unnecessarily broadly and thereby invade the area of protected freedoms.'" 381 U.S. 479 Estelle T. Griswold v. State of Connecticut (No. 496) Argued: March 29, 1965 Decided: June 7, 1965 William O. Douglas, Majority Decision Which of the following most strongly shaped the opinion expressed in the excerpt?

the oil embargos of the 1970s

Cars lining up for fuel at a Maryland service station in June 1979. Events like those in the photograph were most directly related to

The lack of rights for union workers, leading to violent strikes

"The growers even went to India for labor, and in the early twenties they were recruiting in the Philippines. When they saw that many Mexicans were leaving their country because of the Revolution, they saw an opportunity. One grower explained that Mexicans were good for California land work because they were short and close to the ground. The growers went further than they ever went before. During World War II, our own government became the recruiter for laborers, braceros. Even today, as I stand here talking to you, we cannot choke off production on the great farms for one simple reason. The regulations on immigration are not being enforced. Our own government is the biggest strikebreaker against the union. The biggest weapon in the hands of the growers is the "green card" commuter." Cesar Chávez, speech at Calvary Episcopal Church in Manhattan, New York City 1968 African American civil rights protestors

African American civil rights protestors

"The growers even went to India for labor, and in the early twenties they were recruiting in the Philippines. When they saw that many Mexicans were leaving their country because of the Revolution, they saw an opportunity. One grower explained that Mexicans were good for California land work because they were short and close to the ground. The growers went further than they ever went before. During World War II, our own government became the recruiter for laborers, braceros. Even today, as I stand here talking to you, we cannot choke off production on the great farms for one simple reason. The regulations on immigration are not being enforced. Our own government is the biggest strikebreaker against the union. The biggest weapon in the hands of the growers is the "green card" commuter." Cesar Chávez, speech at Calvary Episcopal Church in Manhattan, New York City 1968 Which of the following groups would most likely support the sentiments expressed in the excerpt?

Lack of civil rights for farm laborers

"The growers even went to India for labor, and in the early twenties they were recruiting in the Philippines. When they saw that many Mexicans were leaving their country because of the Revolution, they saw an opportunity. One grower explained that Mexicans were good for California land work because they were short and close to the ground. The growers went further than they ever went before. During World War II, our own government became the recruiter for laborers, braceros. Even today, as I stand here talking to you, we cannot choke off production on the great farms for one simple reason. The regulations on immigration are not being enforced. Our own government is the biggest strikebreaker against the union. The biggest weapon in the hands of the growers is the "green card" commuter." Cesar Chávez, speech at Calvary Episcopal Church in Manhattan, New York City 1968 With which of the following issues of the time period was César Chávez most concerned?

reaction against societal ideas espoused by the women's rights movement

"The real liberation of women from the backbreaking drudgery of centuries is the American free enterprise system which stimulated inventive geniuses to pursue their talents. . . . The great heroes of women's liberation are not the straggly-haired women on television talk shows and picket lines, but Thomas Edison who brought the miracle of electricity to our homes to give light and to run all those labor-saving devices—the equivalent, perhaps, of a half-dozen household servants for every middle-class American woman. . . . Or Henry Ford, who mass-produced the automobile so that it is within the price-range of every American, man or woman. A major occupation of women in other countries is doing their daily shopping for food, which requires carrying their own containers and standing in line at dozens of small shops. They buy only small portions because they can't carry very much and have no refrigerator or freezer to keep a surplus anyway. Our American free enterprise system has given us the gigantic food and packaging industry and beautiful supermarkets, which provide an endless variety of foods . . . In America, women have the freedom from the slavery of standing in line for daily food. Thus, household duties have been reduced to only a few hours a day . . . " Phyllis Schlafly, "What's Wrong with 'Equal Rights' for Women?" January 1, 1972 The sentiments expressed in the excerpt best represent the

The proposed Equal Rights Amendment

"The real liberation of women from the backbreaking drudgery of centuries is the American free enterprise system which stimulated inventive geniuses to pursue their talents. . . . The great heroes of women's liberation are not the straggly-haired women on television talk shows and picket lines, but Thomas Edison who brought the miracle of electricity to our homes to give light and to run all those labor-saving devices—the equivalent, perhaps, of a half-dozen household servants for every middle-class American woman. . . . Or Henry Ford, who mass-produced the automobile so that it is within the price-range of every American, man or woman. A major occupation of women in other countries is doing their daily shopping for food, which requires carrying their own containers and standing in line at dozens of small shops. They buy only small portions because they can't carry very much and have no refrigerator or freezer to keep a surplus anyway. Our American free enterprise system has given us the gigantic food and packaging industry and beautiful supermarkets, which provide an endless variety of foods . . . In America, women have the freedom from the slavery of standing in line for daily food. Thus, household duties have been reduced to only a few hours a day . . . " Phyllis Schlafly, "What's Wrong with 'Equal Rights' for Women?" January 1, 1972 Which of the following events most directly led to the ideas expressed in the excerpt?

Traditional Catholics

"The real liberation of women from the backbreaking drudgery of centuries is the American free enterprise system which stimulated inventive geniuses to pursue their talents. . . . The great heroes of women's liberation are not the straggly-haired women on television talk shows and picket lines, but Thomas Edison who brought the miracle of electricity to our homes to give light and to run all those labor-saving devices—the equivalent, perhaps, of a half-dozen household servants for every middle-class American woman. . . . Or Henry Ford, who mass-produced the automobile so that it is within the price-range of every American, man or woman. A major occupation of women in other countries is doing their daily shopping for food, which requires carrying their own containers and standing in line at dozens of small shops. They buy only small portions because they can't carry very much and have no refrigerator or freezer to keep a surplus anyway. Our American free enterprise system has given us the gigantic food and packaging industry and beautiful supermarkets, which provide an endless variety of foods . . . In America, women have the freedom from the slavery of standing in line for daily food. Thus, household duties have been reduced to only a few hours a day . . . " Phyllis Schlafly, "What's Wrong with 'Equal Rights' for Women?" January 1, 1972 Which of the following groups would most likely have agreed with the sentiments expressed in the excerpt?

The Cold War

"Those who came before us made certain that this country rode the first waves of the industrial revolutions, the first waves of modern invention, and the first wave of nuclear power, and this generation does not intend to founder in the backwash of the coming age of space. We mean to be a part of it—we mean to lead it. For the eyes of the world now look into space, to the moon and to the planets beyond, and we have vowed that we shall not see it governed by a hostile flag of conquest, but by a banner of freedom and peace. We have vowed that we shall not see space filled with weapons of mass destruction, but with instruments of knowledge and understanding." John F. Kennedy, Rice Stadium Moon Speech, September 12, 1962 Based on the sentiments expressed in the excerpt, the political climate faced by John Kennedy's administration was characterized by which major foreign policy concern?

Soviet advances in space technology

"Those who came before us made certain that this country rode the first waves of the industrial revolutions, the first waves of modern invention, and the first wave of nuclear power, and this generation does not intend to founder in the backwash of the coming age of space. We mean to be a part of it—we mean to lead it. For the eyes of the world now look into space, to the moon and to the planets beyond, and we have vowed that we shall not see it governed by a hostile flag of conquest, but by a banner of freedom and peace. We have vowed that we shall not see space filled with weapons of mass destruction, but with instruments of knowledge and understanding." John F. Kennedy, Rice Stadium Moon Speech, September 12, 1962 The text in the excerpt was primarily a reaction to

civil rights

"We need not give another recitation of past complaints nor engage in redundant dialogue of discontent. Our conditions and their cause for being should perhaps be best known by those who have written the record of America's action against Indian people. In 1832, Black Hawk correctly observed: 'You know the cause of our making war. It is known to all white men. They ought to be ashamed of it.' The government of the United States knows the reasons for our going to its capital city. Unfortunately, they don't know how to greet us. We go because America has been only too ready to express shame, and suffer none from the expression—while remaining wholly unwilling to change to allow life for Indian people." "The Trail of Broken Treaties, Twenty-point Position Paper Preamble," October 31,1972 In the late twentieth century, the conflict between the American Indian Movement and the U.S. government was primarily driven by opposing views on

NAACP cofounder W. E. B. DuBois

"We need not give another recitation of past complaints nor engage in redundant dialogue of discontent. Our conditions and their cause for being should perhaps be best known by those who have written the record of America's action against Indian people. In 1832, Black Hawk correctly observed: 'You know the cause of our making war. It is known to all white men. They ought to be ashamed of it.' The government of the United States knows the reasons for our going to its capital city. Unfortunately, they don't know how to greet us. We go because America has been only too ready to express shame, and suffer none from the expression—while remaining wholly unwilling to change to allow life for Indian people." "The Trail of Broken Treaties, Twenty-point Position Paper Preamble," October 31,1972 The sentiments expressed in the excerpt are similar to those expressed by

civil rights movement

"We need not give another recitation of past complaints nor engage in redundant dialogue of discontent. Our conditions and their cause for being should perhaps be best known by those who have written the record of America's action against Indian people. In 1832, Black Hawk correctly observed: 'You know the cause of our making war. It is known to all white men. They ought to be ashamed of it.' The government of the United States knows the reasons for our going to its capital city. Unfortunately, they don't know how to greet us. We go because America has been only too ready to express shame, and suffer none from the expression—while remaining wholly unwilling to change to allow life for Indian people." "The Trail of Broken Treaties, Twenty-point Position Paper Preamble," October 31,1972 The sentiments in the excerpt were most directly related to the

The Islamic Revolution in Iran

Cars lining up for fuel at a Maryland service station in June 1979. Which event contributed most to events such as those depicted in the photograph?

Interned Japanese Americans during World War II

A student demonstration in Washington, DC, in 1979. The situation in the photograph is similar to the treatment of which group?

an ensuing war between the world's superpowers

A major concern the Yom Kippur War raised for the United States was

used more militant strategies in achieving their goals

A significant difference between the gay rights movement after Stonewall and the Gay Liberation Front (GLF) was that the GLF and its allies

Conflict between America and the Middle East

A student demonstration in Washington, DC, in 1979. The situation in the photograph illustrates which of the following trends?

his use of a disproportionate number of prison inmates

Alfred Kinsey's research on sexuality was controversial because of

the desire to dismantle its nuclear arsenal

All the following aided the United States' quest to put a man on the moon by the end of the 1960s except

the economic success of the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution

All the following were major issues the United States and China needed to deal with before they could open normal diplomatic relations except

civil rights movement

All the following were significant in increasing awareness of the gay liberation movement except

rhetorical argument that contributed to the resignation of Richard Nixon

Barbara Jordan's speech before the House Judiciary Committee in January 1974 is best described as a

develop a new relationship with Communist China

Before he was elected president, Richard Nixon wrote in his essay "Asia after Vietnam" that the United States should

occupying the administration building

Berkeley Free Speech Movement student activists protested by

the perceived escalation of the Vietnam War

By 1970, the main reason for student unrest on the campus of Kent State University was

temporary wage and price controls

Cars lining up for fuel at a Maryland service station in June 1979. A significant federal reaction to the economic crisis that accompanied the event in the photograph was

a betrayal of America's East Asian ally Taiwan

Conservative anti-communists in the United States viewed President Nixon's visit to China as

disruption of the traditional family structure

Conservative reaction to Betty Friedan and Gloria Steinem and their supporters centered on their presumed

largely middle-class and apolitical

During most of the Vietnam War period, the general student population of Kent State University was considered

It did not provide them legal protection.

How did the National Labor Relations Act protect migrant workers?

National defense policy

In her early political career, Phyllis Schlafly was most interested in which issue, on which she co-wrote many books?

many Americans felt the future was not theirs to make any longer

In interpreting his own pollster's data, President Carter believed

school busing was a constitutional tool for achieving racial integration

In the Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education case (1971), the Supreme Court ruled that

the modern civil rights movement

In the early 1960s, great changes in attitudes about American culture and family life were being influenced by all the following except

counter-lawsuits

Initially, other than massive resistance, groups that opposed race-based busing used all the following strategies to prevent it except

the Chinese maintained close diplomatic ties with the Soviet Union

Initially, the United States refused to open diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China for all the following reasons except

the judicial system

Initially, the authority to create a solution for integrating public schools around the United States was assumed by

the passage of a jobs bill that called for government-funded employment

Jimmy Carter's economic policies included all the following except

Planned Parenthood, formerly the American Birth Control League

Margaret Sanger helped to found which organization?

interplay between private markets and government to make space policy

One major difference between the Soviet system and its space program and the U.S. system and space program was that the Soviets militarized their program and the United States primarily allowed for

political activism in the LGBTQ community

One major effect of the gay liberation movement was the development of

it had been the site of a massacre in 1890

One reason protestors chose to occupy Wounded Knee, South Dakota, was that

was initially accepted by Americans, but came to hurt his chances of reelection

Overall, President Carter's "malaise speech"

reelecting President Richard Nixon and the Republican Governor James Rhodes of Ohio

Photograph of Kent State shooting The majority of the American voters responded to the event depicted in the photograph and others like it by

U.S. government support of any type of anti-communist foreign government

Photograph of Kent State shooting The photograph is most closely related to what American foreign policy goal of the 1960s and 1970s?

Campus violence related to American anti-war protests increased.

Photograph of Kent State shooting Which of the following general statements could be supported by the events in the provided photograph?

Cardinal Mindszenty Foundation

Phyllis Schlafly began her grassroots activism in the 1950s with which of the following organizations?

The Religious Right

Phyllis Schlafly's activism helped lead to the emergence of which contributing force in Ronald Reagan's 1980 electoral victory?

anti-war protests led by college students

Protesters in lower Manhattan in the summer of 1969. A historical development similar to that depicted in the image was the

Striking labor union members

Protesters in lower Manhattan in the summer of 1969. Individuals such as those in the image would most likely have agreed with the sentiments expressed by which late nineteenth-century group?

gay liberation movement

Protesters in lower Manhattan in the summer of 1969. The situation shown in the image contributed most immediately to the

Communist Party USA

Radical elements of the 1960s protest movement present on the Kent State University campus at some point during the decade included all the following except the

Labor union leaders from the 1880s

Some student protestors of the 1960s used violent strategies most similar to those of which group?

Material declared to be obscene being sent through the U.S. mail

The "Comstock Laws" were associated with which issue?

Special Prosecutor Archibald Cox

The "Saturday Night Massacre" resulted in the dismissal of

Iran's cut of oil exports

The 1979 oil crisis was sparked by

James Rhodes

The Ohio governor who sent the State National Guard onto the Kent State campus was

bringing attention to their treatment by protesting at historical American Indian sites

The goals of the American Indian Movement included

the work of German scientists during World War II

The greatest advance in rocket technology that enabled space exploration in the 1960s was based on

Philadelphia

The homophile movement staged the first openly gay protest in

fear of a takeover by the Shah Pahlavi

The U.S. and British effort to overthrow Iranian Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddegh was as a result of all the following except

growers began to hire undocumented immigrants

The UFW's influence began to diminish because

the murder of Lakota Indian Wesley Bad Heart Bull

The catalyst for the big American Indian Movement siege in 1973 was

campus officials and civil rights activists

The confrontation that prompted the Berkeley Free Speech Movement occurred between

the Three Mile Island incident

The domestic event that made oil shocks more problematic in the 1970s was

Illinois

The failure of which state to ratify it guaranteed the rejection of the Equal Rights Amendment becoming part of the U.S. Constitution?

the Termination policy

The federal policy that closed some American Indian reservations and opened the land to non-Indian companies in the twentieth century was

Alcatraz in California

The first high-profile American Indian protest of the twentieth century occurred at

a leveling of birth rates during the baby boom

The introduction of oral contraceptives has been linked to all the following social effects except

the 1975 Agricultural Labor Relations Board Act

The law that allowed unions like the UFW to organize and negotiate with growers was

the geopolitical significance of Iran and its oil

The main reason for American interest in maintaining a close friendship with Iran was

the National Organization for Women

The organization cofounded by Betty Friedan was

Committee to Re-Elect the President

The organization that hired the Watergate burglars to break in to the DNC headquarters was the

work of women's suffragists in the 1920s

The origins of the Equal Rights Amendment trace back to the

Tinker v. Des Moines

The right to privacy central to the case of Griswold v. Connecticut was similarly crucial to the Supreme Court's ruling in all of the following except

a culmination of continued anti-American hostilities in Tehran

The takeover of the U.S. embassy in Tehran can be best seen as a

the resistance of white southerners to racial integration

The term "massive resistance" in the context of the 1950s through the 1970s in the South refers to

founding a religious congregation for gay members

Troy Perry was best known for

President Nixon's refusal to hand over the White House tapes

We have elected to employ an adversary system of criminal justice in which the parties contest all issues before a court of law. The need to develop all relevant facts in the adversary system is both fundamental and comprehensive. The ends of criminal justice would be defeated if judgments were to be founded on a partial or speculative presentation of the facts. The very integrity of the judicial system and public confidence in the system depend on full disclosure of all the facts, within the framework of the rules of evidence. In this case we must weigh the importance of the general privilege of confidentiality of Presidential communications in performance of the President's responsibilities against the inroads of such a privilege on the fair administration of criminal justice. We conclude that when the ground for asserting privilege as to subpoenaed materials sought for use in a criminal trial is based only on the generalized interest in confidentiality, it cannot prevail over the fundamental demands of due process of law in the fair administration of criminal justice. The generalized assertion of privilege must yield to the demonstrated, specific need for evidence in a pending criminal trial. Majority Opinion by Chief Justice Warren E. Burger, United States v. Nixon, July 24, 1974 This Supreme Court decision was written in response to

Full disclosure of all facts is required for the judicial system to function properly.

We have elected to employ an adversary system of criminal justice in which the parties contest all issues before a court of law. The need to develop all relevant facts in the adversary system is both fundamental and comprehensive. The ends of criminal justice would be defeated if judgments were to be founded on a partial or speculative presentation of the facts. The very integrity of the judicial system and public confidence in the system depend on full disclosure of all the facts, within the framework of the rules of evidence. In this case we must weigh the importance of the general privilege of confidentiality of Presidential communications in performance of the President's responsibilities against the inroads of such a privilege on the fair administration of criminal justice. We conclude that when the ground for asserting privilege as to subpoenaed materials sought for use in a criminal trial is based only on the generalized interest in confidentiality, it cannot prevail over the fundamental demands of due process of law in the fair administration of criminal justice. The generalized assertion of privilege must yield to the demonstrated, specific need for evidence in a pending criminal trial. Majority Opinion by Chief Justice Warren E. Burger, United States v. Nixon, July 24, 1974 Which of the following is the reason given for the decision in this case?

President Nixon handed over all of the White House tapes.

We have elected to employ an adversary system of criminal justice in which the parties contest all issues before a court of law. The need to develop all relevant facts in the adversary system is both fundamental and comprehensive. The ends of criminal justice would be defeated if judgments were to be founded on a partial or speculative presentation of the facts. The very integrity of the judicial system and public confidence in the system depend on full disclosure of all the facts, within the framework of the rules of evidence. In this case we must weigh the importance of the general privilege of confidentiality of Presidential communications in performance of the President's responsibilities against the inroads of such a privilege on the fair administration of criminal justice. We conclude that when the ground for asserting privilege as to subpoenaed materials sought for use in a criminal trial is based only on the generalized interest in confidentiality, it cannot prevail over the fundamental demands of due process of law in the fair administration of criminal justice. The generalized assertion of privilege must yield to the demonstrated, specific need for evidence in a pending criminal trial. Majority Opinion by Chief Justice Warren E. Burger, United States v. Nixon, July 24, 1974 Which of the following was a direct result of the ruling of this case?

Executive privilege

What did President Richard Nixon cite to justify his refusal to hand over the White House tapes in response to the court-ordered subpoena?

It was never ratified by the required 38 states.

What was the fate of the Equal Rights Amendment?

The purposes of and justifications for Congress's power to impeach

What was the focus of Barbara Jordan's most significant speech before the House Judiciary Committee?

Students for a Democratic Society

Which group was banned by the president of Kent State University because he claimed it was made up of radicals who had a "disregard for the rights of others" and offered only a "program of revolution solely for revolution's sake"?

Germany

Which nation was the first to make the "greatest advance" in rocket technology?

Both movements sought constitutional change to guarantee various rights to women.

Which of the following accurately compares first- and second-wave feminism?

The vote to recommend the impeachment of President Nixon

Which of the following best describes the immediate impact of Barbara Jordan's speech before the House Judiciary Committee?

Both crises led to a renewed interest in examining renewable energy sources.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the 1973 and 1979 oil crises?