US History Module 20

How did Theodore Roosevelt approach the controversial issue of business trusts?

He believed the trusts ought to be regulated.

Which of the following statements about William Howard Taft is true?

He left the presidency as the most decisively defeated president in the twentieth century.

What happened in the opening months of Taft's administration, when he called Congress into special session to lower protective tariff rates?

He made no subsequent effort to overcome the opposition of congressional Old Guard conservatives.

The most famous settlement house of the progressive era was ____________ House in Chicago.

Hull

What happened at Osawatomie, Kansas, in 1910?

In a speech, Theodore Roosevelt signaled his intention to lead the reform wing of his party.

What about the secret ballot was most significant to progressive reforms?

It helped to weaken the power of the parties over the voters.

Why was passage of the Seventeenth Amendment an important progressive victory?

It increased the electorate's power by transferring the right to vote for U.S. senators from the state legislatures to the voter.

Why was the role of women in progressive reform movements so striking?

Most people of the time believed that women were not suited for the public world.

Muckrakers aided the political reforms sought by progressives by encouraging

Muckrakers aided the political reforms sought by progressives by encouraging

What did progressives believe was wrong with state legislatures?

They were too controlled by party bosses.

Many progressive supporters of immigration restrictions justified their views by appealing to ______, a field that involved grading ethnic groups according to their alleged genetic qualities.

eugenics

Progressive reforms in the West focused on the federal government because the federal government

exercised enormous power over western land and provided substantial subsidies to the region.

As a way to solve social problems, progressives most valued

expertise.

Muckrakers such as Ida Tarbell and Lincoln Steffens were best known for

exposing corruption in businesses and government

On which level of government did western progressives focus most of their efforts?

federal government

During the 1912 Republican Convention, Theodore Roosevelt

fought President Taft for the nomination to the Republican Party ticket.

Which of the following accurately describes Hull House, the most famous of the settlement houses?

founded by social worker Jane Addams

Louis D. Brandeis argued that the

government should work to break up large corporations.

Progressives believed that before they could effectively reform society, they first needed to reform

government.

While scientists originally applied the term eugenics to discussion of hybrids and breeds of animals and plants, some scientists used eugenics to theorize that

human inequalities were hereditary.

Progressives believed that

improving society required direct, purposeful human intervention.

Professional organizations, labor organizations, and other groups that try to publicize their political views outside the major political parties are known as

interest groups.

Between 1911 and 1913, unions helped institute notable ______ reform.

labor

Among African Americans at the beginning of the twentieth century, Booker T. Washington's ideas were ______ they had been at the end of the nineteenth century.

less popular than

One of the first professions to organize on a national level, in 1901, was in the field of

medicine

Which of the following refers to a progressive-era journalist who worked to expose scandal, corruption, and injustice?

muckraker

The first target of political reformers during the progressive era was

municipal governments.

African American clubwomen ______ belonged to white-majority clubs.

occasionally

Muckrakers aided the political reforms sought by progressives by encouraging

outrage at the corruption in city politics.

Prior to the adoption of the secret ballot,

political parties printed tickets that voters deposited into ballot boxes.

As a presidential candidate in 1912, Woodrow Wilson proposed a program later known as the New Freedom, a program that was

progressive.

Who believed that nonscientific problems could be analyzed and solved scientifically?

progressives

One of the most striking features of progressivism was the

prominence of women in reform movements

The Payne-Aldrich Tariff of 1909, which resulted from a special session of Congress called by Taft, resulted in

scarcely reduced protective tariff rates.

In the late nineteenth century, reformer Booker T. Washington urged African Americans to work for

self-improvement rather than social change.

In the late nineteenth century, middle-class families were typically ______ they had been in previous generations.

smaller than

Elizabeth Cady Stanton was a

strong supporter of woman suffrage.

In 1912, Theodore Roosevelt ran for president, in part, because

the Taft administration implied Roosevelt had acted improperly as president.

In their efforts to reform the political system, progressives first targeted

the dominant role of political parties.

To many progressives, which of the following was most damaging to cities?

the impact of party rule

At the turn of the twentieth century, progressive activists believed in

the possibilities of applying the principles of natural and social sciences.

The Federal Trade Commission Act and the Clayton Antitrust Act were proposed by Wilson to address what issue that was central to his 1912 campaign?

the problem of monopoly

Why did many progressives believe that alcohol should be eliminated from American life?

to restore order to American society

The first major targets of the muckrakers were the

trusts, particularly the railroads.

Which of the following describes the progressive-era term Boston marriage?

two women who lived together

Most of what the women's clubs did was

uncontroversial.

Support for the Socialist Party of America was strongest among

urban immigrants.

Lincoln Steffens wrote extensively of the need to reform

urban politics.

The most distinctive quality of women in professions during the progressive era was that women

were concentrated in professions that society considered "suitable."

Most of the western progressive reformers

were current or former U.S. senators.

The largest single reform movement of the progressive era was probably the fight for

women's right to vote.

How did progressive reformers seek to circumvent the boss-controlled legislatures?

working to increase the power of the electorate

By what phrase did Theodore Roosevelt refer to the principles of social justice that he began to articulate on his return to politics?

"New Nationalism"

Which of the following about Theodore Roosevelt and environmental issues are true?

-He supported public reclamation and irrigation projects. -He helped establish the federal government's role in managing the nation's wilderness. -He was the first American president to take an active interest in environmental conservation. -He restricted private development on millions of acres of undeveloped government land.

True or false: Across the United States, women supported progressive reform by effectively forming voting blocs that supported progressive candidates and initiatives.

False

As professional organizations grew more common, what changes took place in women's professions?

-African American women were sought after for teaching at segregated schools. -Nursing became a female profession.

The fight for women's suffrage challenged the views of many men and women who believed which of the following?

-Women should serve first and foremost as mothers. -Society required a distinctive female sphere.

W. E. B. Du Bois encouraged African Americans to

-attend universities. -fight for their civil rights.

Which of the following correctly describe settlement houses in the United States?

-based originally on similar programs in England -focused on helping immigrants adapt

The Panic of 1907 prompted which of the following?

-conservatives blaming Theodore Roosevelt for damaging the economy -J. P. Morgan overseeing a major rescue effort

Reformer W. E. B. Du Bois argued that the ideas of rival Booker T. Washington served to do which of the following?

-discourage African Americans from actively seeking their civil rights -limit African American aspirations

Which of the following contributed to Theodore Roosevelt's decision not to seek a third term in 1908?

-his troubled relationship with conservative Republicans -the Panic of 1907 -a public promise he had made several years earlier

Which of the following are factors in the progressive-era phenomenon of the "new woman"?

-increased schooling for children -movement of work outside the home -a lower birth rate -higher levels of education

Which of the following supported temperance in the progressive era?

-industrial employers -working-class wives and mothers -critics of economic privilege -political reformers

Which of following were new power centers replacing the political parties, beginning in the late nineteenth century?

-labor unions -trade associations -women's clubs

Progressives believed that society should

-limit monopolies and concentrated power -work toward social cohesion

Theodore Roosevelt's call for stringent regulatory reforms

-ostracized him from the members of the Progressive Party. -widened the gulf between the president and the conservative wing of his party.

Women's clubs played a major role in efforts to achieve which of the following?

-regulate the conditions of child labor -regulate the food and drug industries -provide government support for needy families

In the late nineteenth century, the majority of professional women worked as

-teachers -social workers

Which of the following legislation was passed during Theodore Roosevelt's administration?

-the Pure Food and Drug Act -the Hepburn Railroad -Regulation Act -the Meat Inspection Act

Which of the following were cornerstones of Theodore Roosevelt's approach to natural resources?

-the expansion of the National -Park System public irrigation projects -public reclamation projects

Who ran for president several times on the Socialist Party of America's ticket?

Eugene V. Debs

Before his victory in the presidential election of 1908, William Howard Taft had been

Roosevelt's closest lieutenant.

Roosevelt did not intend to run for president in 1912 but changed his mind after

Senator Robert La Follette's campaign stumbled.

How did the phrase square deal figure in the 1904 elections?

Theodore Roosevelt used it to describe his behavior in the 1902 coal strike.

How did the leaders of Tammany Hall react to pressure from progressives?

They tried to preserve their influence by agreeing to some reforms.

True or false: Progressives believed that government must play a role in the improvement and stabilization of society.

True

True or false: The exclusion of certain groups from professional organizations kept membership down, which ensured that the demand for services of those already in the profession remained high.

True

True or false: Theodore Roosevelt elevated the presidency into the center of national political life.

True

Who was Theodore Roosevelt's most trusted lieutenant and his handpicked successor, who was elected president in 1908?

William Howard Taft

Writer Louis D. Brandeis was also

a lawyer and Supreme Court justice.

To end the Panic of 1907, Roosevelt agreed to

a plan by J. P. Morgan to prop up shaky financial institutions.

Who was Thorstein Veblen?

a social scientist who believed the economy should be run by engineers

Against the wishes of conservatives in Congress, Theodore Roosevelt

added extensive areas of land to the national forest system.

During the progressive era, political interest groups

began to replace parties as political power centers.

In the 1902 strike by the United Mine Workers, President Theodore Roosevelt

called for federal arbitration.

People who support the protection and careful management of land are known as

conservationists.

The creation of the American Medical Association illustrates the trend toward

creating professional societies.

The settlement house movement was most directed at which aspect of society that greatly distressed urban reformers?

crowded immigrant neighborhoods

In Louis D. Brandeis's 1913 book Other People's Money, he wrote about the

curse of bigness.

Which of the following best describes the political ideology of Theodore Roosevelt?

decidedly conservative in many respects

Adopted by most states in the 1880s and 1890s, secret ballots ______ the power of the major political parties.

decreased

For political reformers, the temperance movement continued their work of

decreasing the power of the party bosses.

Vivid descriptions of the meatpacking industry in Upton Sinclair's novel The Jungle helped

encourage the passage of food and drug legislation.