US History Semester 1 Tes

War of 1812

Andrew Jackson's troops defeated the British at the Battle of New Orleans, not knowing that a peace treaty had already been signed. The war strengthened American nationalism and encouraged the growth of industry. ; A war between the U.S. and Great Britain caused by American outrage over the impressment of American sailors by the British, the British seizure of American ships, and British aid to the Indians attacking the Americans on the western frontier.

Southern laws designed to restrict the rights of the newly freed black slaves

Black Codes and Jim Crow Laws

Revolutionary Zeal, Familiar Ground, Not Well Trained

Characteristics of continental army

California as a free state

Compromise of 1850

Texas

Confrontation here led to Mexican War

14th Amendment

Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws

Middle Passage

Difficult ocean journey endured by slaves

Poor and Working people

Draft exemptions of wealthy plantation owners cause them to pick up slack in Confederate War

1. Openned settlement 2. Economic opportunities 3. Develop towns 4. Tied country together

Effects of railroad boom in 1800s

Open Door Policy

Eliminated spheres of influence in China and initiated Free Market Competition

James Madison

Father of the Constitution

Battle of Saratoga (1777)

France formally recognized US cause in revolution

Slaves to be returned to owners

Fugitive Slave Act

One population vote and One state vote

Great Compromise

Efficient Production, lower prices

How assembly lines changed the industry

CONFEDERACY Civil War: Emancipation Proclamation

Immediate consequence of Lincoln's 1860 victory

Indentured Servants

Immigrants who received passage to America in exchange for a fixed term of labor

Bill of Rights

In order to ratify constitution, states demanded

Oklahoma

Indian Territory from Indian Removal Act

J.P. Morgan - banking Vanderbilt - Commodore and Railroads Carnegie - steel Rockefeller - oil

Industry of 4 Robber Barons

Muckrakers

Journalists who attempted to expose plight, distress and hardship of poor abd working classes

French and Indian War

Justification British used to Tax colonies

Southern Colonies

Large Plantations, Single crop economies and Short life spand

Middle Colonies

Large families small farms Shipping and Industry

Househelping and Farming

Main profession of newly freed African American during Reconstruction

Railroads

Major inpact of steel in cities

Ellis Island in New York harbor

Many immigrants traveled to the United States by steamship. Most European immigrants to the United States arrived HERE.

Total War

March to Sea showed this war strategy

Maine

Missouri Compromise, this was a free state

strike

Organized Nonviolent refusal to continue to work until a problem is resolved. Icrease wages or compensations.

In How the Other Half Lives, Jacob Riis:

Photos of Urban Poverty; A book published about the dirty conditions factory workers were living in

political machine

Popular organization and political group that dominated late 1800s

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederate States of America

18th Amendment

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

Bicameral, Federalism (central and state)

Proposed by Virginia Plan

21 year old white male property owners

Qualifications to vote

Cotton Mill

Revolutionized Cotton Industry

Prejudice vs Immigrants

Sacco and Vanzetti found guilty because

Theory of Evolution; Traditional vs Modern Scientific way of thinking

Scopes Trial

USS Maine

Ship that explodes off the coast of Cuba in Havana harbor and helps contribute to the start of the Spanish-American War

Francis Scott Key

Star Spangled Banner writer

Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico

Territory gained by the U.S. as a result of the Spanish-American War

Dred Scott v. Sanford

The case that ruled that slaves were property and could not sue. Said no African American could enjoy US Citizen rights

Jamestown

The first permanent English settlement in North America, found in East Virginia

Hawaii

To reduce taxes, their sugar and pineapple growers in the island staged a revolution, became US territory

15th Amendment (1870)

U.S. cannot prevent a person from voting because of race, color, or creed

Encouraged to speak out against slavery

Uncle tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher

Bleeding Kansas; Bloody Kansas; Kansas Border War

Violent conflicts over slavery in midwest territories

with petitions, led to refusals to pay the tax, and eventually to property damage and harassment of officials and boycotting

Ways the colinies protested British Policies

Full independence and Recognized Borders

What they gave US after revolution

France

Where Louisiana Purchase was bought from

14 point plan

Wilson's plan for peace that included the league of nations, self-determined colonies, free trade, freedom of the seas, end to secret agreements, and a limit on arms

Thomas Jefferson

Write most of Declaration of Independence

Flappers

Young women of the 1920s that behaved and dressed in a radical fashion, asserted themselves and demand social equality

Kansas-Nebraska Act

a law that allowed voters in Kansas and Nebraska to choose whether to allow slavery. (Repealed Missouri Compromise)

The Alamo

a mission and fort in San Antonio, Texas, where Mexican forces massacred rebellious Texans in 1836 (Jim Bowie, Davey Crockett and others)

Gold Rush

a period from 1848 to 1856 when thousands of people came to San Francisco California in order to search for gold.

spendthrift

a person who spends money in an extravagant, irresponsible way to show wealth

Underground Railroad

a system of secret routes used by escaping slaves throught the Deep South to reach freedom in the North or in Canada

13th Amendment

abolished slavery

Free slaves in ConfederaTes (fail)

emancipation Proclamation

Treaty of Versailles

ended World War I and made Germany pay money to other countries, lose land, reduce their military

Plessy v. Ferguson

"SEPERATE BUT EQUAL" a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal

Stamp Act

1765; law that taxed printed goods, including: playing cards, documents, newspapers, etc.

Homestead Act

1862 - Provided free land in the West to anyone willing to settle there for five years and develop it. Encouraged westward migration.

Zimmerman Note

1917 - Germany sent this to Mexico instructing an ambassador to convince Mexico to go to war with the U.S. It was intercepted and caused the U.S. to mobilized against Germany, which had proven it was hostile

overcrowding (in housing)

19th centruy cities suffered from this

Woodrow Wilson

28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize

Population Advantage, Economic Advantage, moved troops with railroads, US Navy was on their side

3 Characteristics of Union

increased production and efficiency; lower prices; more goods; improved wages; migration from rural areas to urban areas

3 Effects of industrial revolution

cramped work areas with poor ventilation trauma from machinery toxic exposures to heavy metals, dust, and solvents

3 flaws of industrial labor

Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson

3 progressive presidents

3/5 of slave population would be counted in census for representation

3/5 compromise

Coercive Acts; The four acts were the Boston Port Act, the Massachusetts Government Act, the Administration of Justice Act, and the Quartering Act.

4 acts consequence of Boston Tea Party

1. Machine Guns 2. Grenades 3. Amphibious Vehicles 4. Poison Gas 5. Tanks

4 new WWI technologies

Lusitania

A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war. Propelled America to WWI

The Jungle by Upton Sinclair

A book that exposed the horrible, unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry of Chicago. Example of muckraking.

Trench Warfare

A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield.

Common Sense

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that claimed the colonies had a right to be an independent nation

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

A policy of Genrmany when they established a blockade around Great Britanin stated that their submarines would sink any ship in the British waters

Ghetto

A poor densely populated city district occupied by a minority ethnic group linked together by economic hardship and social restrictions

Great Migration

African Americans move West to avoide prejudice in 1800s

Manifest Destiny

American belief from 1830-1940 American progress John Gast

1) surround the Confederacy by sea and by land blockades 2) take control of the Mississippi River to cut Confederate forces in two 3) ambush and surround the Confederacy and their capital

Anaconda Plan of Union Army