US History Semester 2 Final
Describe President Truman.. what state was he from?
-33rd President who was vice president of Franklin D. Roosevelt, and became president after FDR death. He implemented the Marshall Plan to rebuild the economy of Western Europe, and established the Truman Doctrine and NATO. -From Missouri
What was the Iran Hostage Crisis? Who was President during this event?
-A mob seizing Americans in the US embassy -Jimmy Carter
What was the effect of the Cuban Missile Crisis?
-American and Soviet officials agreed to remove missles from Cuba and Turkey -Took steps to ease tensions between the super powers
Explain the effect media coverage of the Vietnam War had on Americans.
-Americans first "living room war" -Americans saw their own soldiers dying and the US losing the war when the government was saying that we were winning
What was the Gulf of Tonkin? How did it change the system of Checks and Balances in the US?
-Attack on US ships by Vietnam -Congress allowed the President to send troops without declaring war
Describe the Tet Offensive. How did it affect the American people's view of the war?
-Attacks by the North Vietnam army, and the Vietcong in 100+ South Vietnamese cities -The US and Soviet Union were unprepared due to preparedness of Vietcong -Was a turning point in the Vietnam War because American's realize we were losing and started to slowly retreat from the war
What were the Camp David Accords?
-Carter negotiated the Accords. The treaty is between Israel and Egypt -Israel withdrew from Sinai Peninsula (which it had captured during the 6 days War) -Egypt recognized Israel as a legitimate country
Describe the Arms Race. What was its purpose?
-Competition between nations for superiority and the developement and accumulation of weapons -US and Soviet Union
Describe Reaganomics.
-Cutting taxes to the upperclass to encourage new investments. This new spending would stimulate the economy and create new jobs. -Supply-Side Economics
Why did the U.S. not share the information about the Atomic Bomb to the Soviet Union?
-Didn't trust the USSR -US dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in hopes to have Japan surrender in WWII
What was the Warsaw Pact?
-Established by the Soviet Union to solidify control over Eastern Europe -Created in response to NATO
What were ways men could avoid the draft?
-Go to college -Have health problems -Get married and have children who depended on them -"Reserved occupations"
Describe the Three Mile Incident and how the government responded.
-Halted production of nuclear power plants. -Nuclear #2 on the 3 mile island, in Dauphin Pennsylvania, most significant mistake in American power plant history
*Why was the U.S. willing to send so much money to aid Greece and Turkey in 1947? What policy was this a part of?*
-In February 1947, Great Britain was no longer able to supply aid to Greece and Turkey. In response, President Harry Truman requested $400 million in military and financial assistance for the region to end a communist movement in Greece and to aid Turkey in repelling the Soviets -Truman Doctrine
What steps did the United States take to help rebuild Europe after World War II?
-Marshall Plan: US gave $15 billion to rebuild Western Europe -Truman Doctrine: Give aid to Turky and Greece
*Why was the CIA formed in 1947?*
-National Security Act
What is executive privilege? What was President Nixon ordered to do in which he tried to claim his "executive privilege"?
-Nixon wouldn't turn over the tapes that connected him to the Watergate break in -Thought he didn't have to
What events led to the U.S. involvement in Korea?
-North Korea becoming Communist -United Nations agreed to take force -Soviet Union involvement in North Korea
What was the Warren Commission? What did they discover?
-On November 29, 1963, Johnson established the President's Commission on the Assassination of JFK
*How was Dwight D. Eisenhower critical of democrats in the 1952 election?*
-Republican: fanned communism fear by raising specter of China and Eastern Europe. Also criticized growing power of Federal government and alleged corruption among Truman's allies; campaign boosted when VP Nixon accused of profiting from secret fund, which is when Nixon delivered Checkers Speech. This saved Eisenhower's place on Republican ticket -Won 55% of popular vote and majority of electoral college in 1952; style was dynamic conservatism
How did television in the 1950's portray the American Landscape? How was it inaccurate?
-Showed only programs portraying ideal white middle class society
Describe SALT II. Why was the Senate opposed to it?
-Strategic Arms Limitation Talks -2 rounds of conferences and corresponding international treaties involving US and Soviet Union -Congress opposed SALT because they thought it gave USSR the advantage
What was the SNCC organization? What tactics did they use to help their cause?
-Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee -sit ins, registering to vote, voting, black power
Describe the United States Containment Policy. What was its purpose?
-Take military action to stop the spread of Communism -Give economic aid.
What did Nixon mean when he referred to the "silent majority"?
-The average, non-protesting, hardworking white male -Americans who supported Nixon's efforts in Vietnam
What was the cause of the Second Red Scare?
-The fear of Communism taking over the world -The USSR was growing in power
Describe the importance of Plessy v. Ferguson.
-allowed segregation to be constitutional -upheld "seperate but equal"
Who were the Hollywood Ten?
10 members of the Hollywood film industry suspected to be Communists
What is the House Un-American Activities Committee? What did they investigate?
A committee of the US House of Representatives that investigated allegations of communist activity and threats in the 1950's
What was the Block Power Movement?
A movement calling African Americans to rely on themselves
What steps did Gorbachev take to change the Soviet Union?
Allowed criticism of the government
How did Americans view Rock 'n Roll in the early 1950s?
As rebellius viewed by adults
Why was Korea considered a police action?
Congress never officially declared war on North Korea
Describe the end result of the Korean War.
Divided Korea into North and South Korea -North Korea: Communist -South Korea: Democratic
What was the name of the cartoon that used a friendly turtle named Bert to teach schoolchildren proper safety techniques in the case of an atomic bomb attack?
Duck and Cover: Bert the Turtle
What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
Ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin
*Why did Gerald Ford lose the support of the American people soon after taking office?*
Ford's first month of Presidency, he gave full pardon to Nixon. Which aroused fierce criticism, and soon his approval ratings plummeted
How did the Cuban Revolution affect Us and Cuban Missile Crisis?
Hurt American and Cuban relations
In what ways were college students were becoming more social and political during the 1960's?
Joined anti war protests and Civil Rights movements
Who killed JFK?
Lee Harvey Oswald
*What was Levittown?*
Levittown was a suburb of rows of standardized homes built on treeless lots on Long Island. It was one of the earliest mass produced suburbs
Who objected to [the Black Power Movement] and why?
MLK objected due to the presences of violence
What did Americans think when President Johnson first escalated US involvement in Vietnam?
Most initially viewed it as okay until they realized they were being lied to
What was true of US soldiers who enlisted or were drafted to fight in Vietnam?
Most soldiers were from lower income levels
Why did the United States and Britain begin the Berlin Airlift?
People in West Berlin needed supplies after East Germany (Berlin Wall) cut off the supply routes
What caused the movement from farms to cities in the 1950's?
People were seeking a better life
President Carter based his foreign policy on what?
Protecting human rights around the world
What role did Woodward and Bernstein play in the Watergate Scandal?
Reporters of the Washington Post that kept the public's interest in the Watergate burglary. They dug deeper and uncovered evidences linking burglars to top members of the Nixon admin
*Under which president was the Environmental Protection Agency established?*
Richard Nixon
How were minority groups treated during WWII?
Subjected to prejudice and discrimination
Describe progress made in the African American community since the 1980's
The African American community got civil rights, and desegregation in private and public places
*What was the Great Society?*
The Great Society was a set of domestic programs in the United States launched by Democratic President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964-65. The main goal was the elimination of poverty and racial injustice
What prompted the formation of the Montgomery Improvement Association?
The Montgomery Bus Boycott and the arrest of Rosa Parks
What kept the US economy strong after WWII?
The demand for consumer goods rose sharply after the war
Who were Ethel and Julius Rosenberg?
The first US citizens to be convicted and executed for espionage
What is the 26th Amendment?
The voting age lowered from 21 to 18
Why was therre little opposition to the Repubican party in the 1984 and 1988 Presidential Elections?
There was a strong economy in the US
Who was Cesar Chaves? How was he similar to MLK?
They both were Civil Rights leaders and activists, and believed in peace and nonviolence
How did Americans feel about President Kennedy? How did they feel about the assassination?
They liked JFK, so the assasination shocked them
Describe the counterculture movement and how Conservatives felt about it.
Thought it opposed traditional American values, it established cultural phenomenon throughout the west that rejected many beliefs that were held
What was the purpose of the Equal Rights Amendment?
To grant equal rights to all Americans regardless of sex
Describe the purpose of the Economic Opportunity Act.
To help fund youth programs, and give everyone an equal opportunity in the work force, and with schooling
*What was the main goal of the Viet Minh?*
To win Vietnam's independence from foregin rule
Why did Mexican Immigrants come to the United States in the 40' & 50's?
To work as temporary laborers
Describe Vietnamization.
US slowly took out troops from Vietnam to prepare the South Vietnam to take on the war themselves
Describe the women's movement in the 1960's.
Women began to question if they were unequal to men
What contributed to the Baby Boom in the 1940's & 1960's?
World War II