U.S. Imperialism Quiz - APUSH
Why did the armed American effort to annex Hawaii fail to succeed in 1893?
Incoming President Cleveland rejected annexation because he believed that native Hawaiians had been wronged by the U.S. government.
What was one key international effect of President Theodore Roosevelt's aggressive involvement in and active support for the Panamanian Revolution?
Increasing anti-American sentiment throughout Latin America
Treaty of Portsmouth (1905)
Japan asks for indemnity (repay for war) and an island off the east coast of Russia. Russia denies them indemnity by gives them 1/2 the island. Teddy gets a nobel peace prize, but Russia and Japan are mad at the U.S. because neither of them got what they wanted from the treaty.
Teller Amendment
Legislation that promised the US would not annex Cuba after ridding Cuba of Spanish misrule in the Spanish-American War.
Platt Amendment
Legislation that severely restricted Cuba's sovereignty and gave the US the right to intervene if Cuba got into trouble.
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty (1850)
Neither Britain nor US can build without each other's approval.
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1901)
Permission granted by Panama for the US to dig a canal; permitted by the British in order to make friends with US in hope of future support against Germany; negociated under Roosevelt; greatly facilitated trade.
Hearst and Pulitzer
Their "Yellow Journalism" in part inspired the Spanish-American War. Hearst deceived Americans to believe that the problems in Cuba were worse than they actually were.
Insular Cases
These Supreme Court cases determined that inhabitants of U.S. territories had some, but not all, of the rights of U.S. citizens. "Constitution did not follow the flag."
Why did many Americans become concerned about the increasing foreign intervention in China at the turn of the twentieth century?
They feared that U.S. missions would be jeopardized and Chinese markets closed to non-Europeans.
How did the Cleveland Administration deal with the Annexation of Hawaii?
They quickly repealed it, as they believed the U.S. had gravely wronged Queen Liliuokalani.
Monroe Doctrine
This document was invoked to justify American intervention in the Venezuela boundary dispute with Britain.
Foraker Act
This gave the US direct control over and power to set up a government in Puerto Rico. This was replaced by the Jones Act which granted Puerto Ricans citizenship in 1917.
McKinley Tariff (1890)
This tariff raised duties on Hawaiian sugar and set off renewed efforts to secure the annexation of Hawaii to the United States.
Annexation of Hawaii
U.S. wanted Hawaii for business and so Hawaiian sugar could be sold in the U.S. duty free. Queen Liliuokalani opposed so the U.S. overthrew her in 1893, which led to McKinley convincing Congress to annex Hawaii in 1898.
Rough Riders
Volunteer soldiers led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish American War.
Which statement most accurately characterizes the U.S. Army's performance in Cuba during the Spanish American War? *A)* A model of tactical brilliance in an essential guerrilla campaign *B)* More successful than that of the U.S. Navy *C)* Crippled by logistical chaos and disease that killed thousands of soldiers *D)* Too dependent on the professional military leadership of Colonel Theodore Roosevelt *E)* Weakened by lingering tensions in between former Union and Confederate officers
*C)* Crippled by logistical chaos and disease that killed thousands of soldiers.
Open Door Policy
a policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which all nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China. Spheres of influence.
Roosevelt Corollary
the United States would intervene, if necessary, in order to stabilize the economy and military of Latin American nations, if Europe were to involve themselves.
What characterized China's Boxer Rebellion?
• A rebellion against the religious and cultural imperialism of American and European Christian missionaries • A murderous, destructive rampage against foreign nationals, Chinese Christians, and American and European economic interests. • An affirmation by Chinese nationals of legitimacy of the Open Door policy in protecting Chinese sovereignty • A nationalist uprising by patriotic Chinese against American and European efforts to dominate China politically and economically
Americans favored providing aid to the Cuban revolutionaries for what reasons?
• Fear that the substantial American investments in Cuban sugar and other businesses would be lost. • Fear that Spanish misrule in Cuba menaced the gulf of Mexico and the route to the proposed Panama Canal. • Sympathy for Cuban patriots fighting for their freedom. • The atrocity stories in the yellow press of William Randolph Hearst
What were the arguments that the Anti-imperialists presented against acquiring the Philippine Islands.
• It would violate "the consent of the governed" philosophy in the Declaration of Independence • Imperialism abroad might lead to despotism at home • Annexation would propel the United States into the political and military cauldron of East Asia • Imperialism was likely to be more costly than profitable
What were the results of President Roosevelt's diplomatic ending of the Russo-Japanese war?
• Roosevelt receiving the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 • Japanese feeling cheated of their due financial compensation • Russia accusing Roosevelt of robbing it of an impending military victory over Japan • A cessation of significant Japanese immigrants to America's Pacific Coast
What was the primary reason that Britain submitted its border dispute with Venezuela to international arbitration?
The growing tensions with Germany made Britain reluctant to engage in conflict with the United States.
What was the most significant factor in the shift in American foreign policy toward imperialism in the late 19th-century?
The need for overseas markets for increased industrial and agricultural production.
Big Stick Policy
The policy held by Teddy Roosevelt in foreign affairs. The "big stick" symbolizes his power and readiness to use military force if necessary. It is a way of intimidating countries without actually harming them.
What was the primary argument emphasized by the American imperialists who advocated acquisition of Philippines? (a) The strategic advantage of Philippine bases for American naval operations and defense for the Pacific (b) The economic potential for Philippines to advance trade with China and other Asian nations (c) Christian missionary work, which would also lead to increased markets (d) The Filipinos' own preference that their archipelago become an American protectorate (e) The potential of the Philippine immigrants to serve as a source of cheap industrial labor
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De Lôme Letter
A letter from Spanish Minister de Lome to someone in Cuba, which was intercepted and published in te New York Journal. It insulted McKinley and his efforts in Cuba, leading to de Lome's hasty resignation.
Naval base in Cuba
A stipulation of the Platt amendment that gave the US ownership of the naval base at Guantanamo Bay.
Spanish-American War
A war fought between the US and Spain in Cuba and the Philippines. It lasted less than 3 months and resulted in Cuba's independence as well as the US annexing Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
Boxer Rebellion (1900)
An uprising in China directed against foreign influence. It was suppressed by an international force of thousands of soldiers, including several thousand Americans. The Boxer Rebellion paved the way for a revolution and the establishment of the Republic of China.
Sphere of Influence
Areas in which countries have some political and economic control but do not govern directly. [see: Open Door Policy]
Phillipe Bunau-Varilla
French engineer who advocated an American canal through Panama and helped instigate a Panamanian rebellion against Colombia.
Great Rapprochement
Reconciliation between the US and Britain. The new Anglo-American cordiality became a cornerstone of both nations and foreign policies as the 20th century started.
Russo-Japanese War (1904)
Russia and Japan were fighting over Manchuria in China. Neither side could gain a clear advantage and win. Both sent reps to Portsmouth, NH where Roosevelt mediates a treaty. Roosevlet won the nobel peace prize.
John Hay
Secretary of State in 1899; dispatched the Open Door Notes to keep the countries that had spheres of influence in China from taking over China and closing the doors on trade between China and the U.S.
Panamanian Revolution
TR supported this, the Panamanian rebels are successful and become an independent nation, the US recognizes their independence, we paid them to have a zone there.
What was the most important reason that President McKinley asked Congress to declare war on Spain?
The American public, influenced by the yellow press and many leading Republicans demanded war in the aftermath of the sinking of the "Maine", (despite the lack of evidence that it was the Spanish who blew it up).
What was the direct cause of the Filipino insurrection in 1899?
The United States refused to give the Filipino people their political independence
The battleship Maine was sunk by:
an accidental explosion aboard the ship
Gentlemen's Agreement
an informal agreement between the United States and Japan where the U.S. would not impose restriction on Japanese immigration or students, and Japan would not allow further immigration to the U.S.
Takahira Agreement
the United States and Japan agreed to respect each other's territorial possessions in the Pacific and to uphold the Open Door in China.
Treaty of Paris (1898)
ended Spanish-American War, gave US Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines
William Jennings Bryan
leader of the Democrats, who opposed the ratification of annexing the Phillipines. However, he said "yes" to it, so there would be no further war with Spain. He was narrowly defeated by McKinley in the 1896 Election. (always a bridesmaid, never a bride). Delivered the "Cross of Gold Speech".
Anti-Imperialist League
objected to the annexation of the Philippines and the building of an American empire. They failed to make their case; the Philippines were annexed in 1900.
