UVA 3205 HCI Midterm

examples of work activity data

Handwritten or typed notes Audio/video recording of interviews, observations Photos of work space Screen captures On-the-fly diagrams (e.g., workflow) On-the-fly sketches (e.g., physical layout) Work artifacts

User Experience (UX)

The totality of the effect or effects felt by a user as a result of interaction with a system including the influence of usability, usefulness, and emotional impact during the interaction.

How would you best describe your relationship to the user during contextual inquiry? (pick all that apply)

The user is the expert and you are the observer You are a co-investigator along with the user

How are typically UX designers treated when software engineers are the product architects, according to the authors?

They are brought near the end mostly for visual and cosmetic changes

Where do organizations with a predominant software engineering culture fall short of?

They neglect to listen to the users throughout the lifecycle

Which of these is an important characteristic of good work activity notes?

They should be complete and self-standing.

The main point of contextual analysis is:

To interpret work practice data

True or false....A WAAD is an inherently hierarchical structure.

True

Which of these UX team roles would be associated primarily with the task of verifying and refining interaction design?

Usability analyst

UX Components

Usability, User Interface, Content Strategy, Information Architecture, Functionality

Which type of model is a story about particular people doing work in existing contexts?

Usage scenario

A series of sketches of mobile screens with specific options being selected is an example of conceptual design from the __________.

interaction perspective

UX lifecycle

iterative, evaluation-centered UX lifecycle template

True or false...A physical model can be used to understand how the placement of objects, equipment, and people can help or hinder work in a shared space.

true

True or false...Metaphors are an important tool that can be used to create a good conceptual design.

true

Analysis

understand user work and needs

SE Primary Architects

-Project biased toward code and tech concerns -Emphasis on quality in code -Functional constraints have priority over customer preferences -Requirements have a functional flavor rather than a user-centered one

UX Primary Architects

-Project biased towards users, usage, and emotional impact. -Requirements are based on user concerns -Emphasis is on quality of design -Interaction design trends (newest, sleekest tech)

requirements

a way to be explicit about how CA findings inform design

Which type of model helps you understand communal aspects of the users' workplace?

Social model

Which of the following are types of User Models?

Social model Work roles User classes

Design

create interaction design concepts

What is one of the benefits of using personas in design?

. It creates empathy between designers and the user It relieves the struggle to design for conflicting needs and goals It controls the instinct to design for all cases and problems

Four stages of analysis in UX Lifecycle Wheel

1. Contextual inquiry 2. Contextual Analysis 3. User needs & requirements 4. Design-informing models

What should every System Concept Statement Cover?

1. System Name 2. Target Users (for whom?) 3. Supported tasks (what?) 4. Intended goals 5. Specifics (how?)

flow model

A "big picture" diagram of work domain Shows interconnections among components of work domain ◦ Work flow among components ◦ Information flow among components

What is a flow model in the context of the UX lifecycle?

A diagram giving the big picture or overview of work with emphasis on information flow

The principal role of a sketch during ideation is to serve as:

A medium to support a conversation among design team members

WAAD

An affinity diagram is a way to sort data into categories and subcategories when you don't know in advance what these will be

Four main stages of UX Lifecycle Wheel

Analyze, Design, Prototype, Evaluate

Work environment models

Artifact model Physical model

Design-informing models describe:

Both current and envisioned work practice

What is one way the book suggests you can make the job of understanding a work domain more manageable?

By analyzing each work role independently

Which type of affordance helps users know what to do or what will happen?

Cognitive affordance

Which of these are parts of a flow model?

Communication between entities Work roles Hardware and software systems

The main role of a conceptual design is to:

Connect the designer's mental model to the user's mental model

What are the foundations for success in SE-UX development?

Coordination, collaboration/communication, dependency & constraint enforcement, and synchronization (change management)

work activity notes

Created/synthesized by the raw contextual data. May include: User and user class information Social aspect of work practice Emotional impact Task-specific information Physical work environment Design inspiration ideas

Which of these are major activities in the Wheel?

Design Evaluate Analyze

Which of the following can be added to a WAAD during a walkthrough?

Design ideas Questions to be answered Notes about missing data

Interview DONT's

Don't be afraid of silence Don't suggest answers to your questions Don't ask binary questions Don't insist on taking an answer Don't ask leading questions Don't be judgmental Don't try to sell your system/product!

Contextual inquiry is primarily about understanding which of the following?

Existing work practice

True or false...Contextual analysis results directly in requirements and design.

False

Usage Models

Flow models task structure models task interaction models information object

What is the best way to combine the UX and SE lifecycles?

Have the two cycles work collaboratively and in parallel

Which is NOT part of the user work activity data gathering process?

Inquire users' opinion about the envisioned system

With which of these statements about iteration in UX would the textbook authors agree on?

Iteration should begin early in the process Iteration is almost always necessary Iteration does not have to be expensive.

design

Listing out features and deciding which UI method best suits these features

system concept statement

Mission statement for new system to be developed Understandable = explains system to outsiders Talk about "what, why, how, for whom" Concise = short and to the point Iterated and refined

A cardinal sin in ideation is to:

Mix critiquing into idea creation

Which are parts of a typical requirements statement?

Name of major feature or category Source node ID Rationale

The placement of kitchen stove buttons in the same arrangement as the cooktop elements layout is an example of good:

Natural mappings

What are the two primary activities in contextual inquiry?

Observation and interviews

Which of these statements are true regarding design sketches and low-fidelity prototypes?

Prototyping is used to get the design right vs getting the right design use of sketching Design sketches can be used for exploration of ideas while prototypes are used for evaluation purposes

Waterfall Model

Requirements, Design, Implementation, Verification, Maintenance (Does not work for design because there design needs iterative discovery)

Which of these is an example of a work artifact?

Screenshot of computer system Maintenance request form Photo of a bulletin board

Design-informing models (DIMs)

Second span of bridge across analysis-to-design gap Artifacts that drive, inform, and inspire design Turn contextual data into actionable items to guide design Elements to consider or take into account in design Most models can be used to describe the current situation and/or the envisioned situation

Which of the following are things that are typically included in a storyboard?

Sketches of devices and screens Cognitive user actions as "thought balloons" Physical user actions

User interface

Space supporting the interaction between the user and the system

contextual analysis

Systematic analysis of contextual user work activity data, for the purpose of understanding work context for new system to be designed

What are the main difference(s) in orientation between the UX and SE approaches? (select all that apply)

Technological constraints vs User satisfaction Code vs Design quality Functional vs User requirements

In the process described in the book, what is the immediate source of interaction requirements?

The WAAD

emotional impact

The affective component of user experience that influences user feelings.

usefulness

The component of user experience to which system functionality gives the ability to use the system or product to accomplish the goals of work (or play).

interaction design

The creation of interactive digital products, environments, systems, and services.

work domain

The entire context of work and work practice in the target enterprise or other target usage environment.

What are we primarily trying to model during the contextual inquiry stage?

The existing system and work practice

What term means "characteristics of user interface objects and interaction design features that help users perform tasks?"

affordances

Ethnography

branch of anthropology focusing on the study & systematic description of cultures

Which affordance is this? 'C' and 'H' signs on faucet knobs

cognitive affordance

work activity data

comprised of sensory, cognitive, and physical actions made by users in the course of carrying out the work practice

Design perspectives suggested by the authors?

emotional, interaction, and ecological perspective

Which affordance is this? Flushing a toilet with water

functional affordance

Which affordance is this? Chain-pull toilet

physical affordance

Prototyping

realize design alternatives

Which affordance is this? Braille inscription on toilet sign

sensory affordance

What is the textbook's definition of "work domain?"

The entire context of work and work practice in the target usage environment

usability

The pragmatic component of user experience, including effectiveness, efficiency, productivity, ease-of-use, learnability, retainability, and the pragmatic aspects of user satisfaction

The textbook argues that we should design so that:

The primary persona is very happy and the rest of the selected personas are not unhappy

Human-Computer Interaction

The study of designing effective interactive systems for human use and understanding how interactive technologies affect the lives of people

Categories of DIMs

User Models, Usage Models, Work Environment Models

UX Team Roles

User Researcher, Interaction Designer, Subject Matter Expert, Usability Analyst

Which type of mental model is more likely to be incomplete and incorrect?

User's mental model

Which of these is typically covered in a system concept statement?

Who are the system users? What will the system do? What is the design vision?

User Models

Work roles User classes Social models User personas

Which HCI paradigm would be likely to lead to designs for placement of car controls to react quickly to emergency driving situations?

human information processing paradigm

contextual inquiry

system concept statement, ethnography, work, work practice, work domain, interviews, observations, work activity data, work artifacts

True or false...Requirements can address emotional impact as well as functionality.

true

evaluation

verify and refine interaction design